Completeness of hyperspaces of compact subsets of quasi-metric spaces

We study the hyperspace K ₀(X) of non-empty compact subsets of a Smyth-complete quasi-metric space (X, d). We show that K ₀(X), equipped with the Hausdorff quasi-pseudometric H _d forms a (sequentially) Yoneda-complete space. Moreover, if d is a T ₁ quasi-metric, then the hyperspace is algebraic, and the set of all finite subsets forms a base for it. Finally, we prove that K ₀(X), H _d ) is Smyth-complete if (X, d) is Smyth-complete and all compact subsets of X are d ⁻¹-precompact.     

Applications of utility functions defined on quasi-metric spaces

A quasi-metric space (X,d) is called sup-separable if (X,d^s) is a separable metric space, where d^s(x,y)=max{d(x,y),d(y,x)} for all x,y∈X. We characterize those preferences, defined on a sup-separable quasi-metric space, for which there is a semi-Lipschitz utility function. We deduce from our results that several interesting examples of quasi-metric spaces which appear in different fields of theoretical computer science admit semi-Lipschitz utility functions. We also apply our methods to the study of certain kinds of dynamical systems defined on quasi-metric spaces.     

Wijsman and Hit-and-Miss Topologies of Quasi-Metric Spaces

The relationship between the Wijsman topology and (proximal) hit-and-miss topologies is studied in the realm of quasi-metric spaces. We establish the equivalence between these hypertopologies in terms of Urysohn families of sets. Our results generalize well-known theorems and provide easier proofs. In particular, we prove that for a quasi-pseudo-metrizable space (X,T) the Vietoris topology on the set P ₀(X) of all nonempty subsets of X is the supremum of all Wijsman topologies associated with quasi-pseudo-metrics compatible with T. We also show that for a quasi-pseudo-metric space (X,d) the Hausdorff extended quasi-pseudo-metric is compatible with the Wijsman topology on P ₀(X) if and only if d ^–1 is hereditarily precompact.     

On balancedness and D-completeness of the space of semi-Lipschitz functions

Let (X, d) be a quasi-metric space and (Y, q) be a quasi-normed linear space. We show that the normed cone of semi-Lipschitz functions from (X, d) to (Y, q) that vanish at a point x ₀ ∈ X, is balanced. Moreover, it is complete in the sense of D. Doitchinov whenever (Y, q) is a biBanach space. The authors acknowledge the support of Plan Nacional I+D+I and FEDER, under grant MTM2006-14925-C02-01. The second listed author is also supported by a grant FPI from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.     

Properties of the normed cone of semi-Lipschitz functions

Summary We obtain several properties of the normed cone of semi-Lipschitz functions defined on a quasi-metric space (X,d) that vanish at a fixed point x₀∈X. For instance, we prove that it is both bicomplete and right K-sequentially complete, and the unit ball is compact with respect to the topology of quasi-uniform convergence. Furthermore, it has a structure of a Banach space if and only if (X,d) is a metric space.     

Semi-Lipschitz Functions and Best Approximation in Quasi-Metric Spaces

We show that the set of semi-Lipschitz functions, defined on a quasi-metric space (X, d), that vanish at a fixed point x₀X can be endowed with the structure of a quasi-normed semilinear space. This provides an appropriate setting in which to characterize both the points of best approximation and the semi-Chebyshev subsets of quasi-metric spaces. We also show that this space is bicomplete.     

On paratopological vector spaces

We show that each first countable paratopological vector space X has a compatible translation invariant quasi-metric such that the open balls are convex whenever X is a pseudoconvex vector space. We introduce the notions of a right-bounded subset and of a right-precompact subset of a paratopological vector space X and prove that X is quasi-normable if and only if the origin has a convex and right-bounded neighborhood. Duality in this context is also discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the bicompletion of any paratopological vector space (respectively, of any quasi-metric vector space) admits the structure of a paratopological vector space (respectively, of a quasi-metric vector space). Finally, paratopological vector spaces of finite dimension are considered. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Spaces of Densely Continuous Forms, USCO and Minimal USCO Maps

Our paper studies the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets on the space of densely continuous forms (introduced by Hammer and McCoy (1997)), usco and minimal usco maps. We generalize and complete results from Hammer and McCoy (1997) concerning the space D(X,Y) of densely continuous forms from X to Y. Let X be a Hausdorff topological space, (Y,d) be a metric space and D _k (X,Y) the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets on D(X,Y). We prove the following main results: D _k (X,Y) is metrizable iff D _k (X,Y) is first countable iff X is hemicompact. This result gives also a positive answer to question 4.1 of McCoy (1998). If moreover X is a locally compact hemicompact space and (Y,d) is a locally compact complete metric space, then D _k (X,Y) is completely metrizable, thus improving a result from McCoy (1998). We study also the question, suggested by Hammer and McCoy (1998), when two compatible metrics on Y generate the same topologies of uniform convergence on compact sets on D(X,Y). The completeness of the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets on the space of set-valued maps with closed graphs, usco and minimal usco maps is also discussed.     

On Uniformly Locally Compact Quasi-Uniform Hyperspaces

We characterize those Tychonoff quasi-uniform spaces for which the Hausdorff-Bourbaki quasi-uniformity is uniformly locally compact on the family of nonempty compact subsets of X. We deduce, among other results, that the Hausdorff-Bourbaki quasi-uniformity of the locally finite quasi-uniformity of a Tychonoff space Xis uniformly locally compact on if and only if Xis paracompact and locally compact. We also introduce the notion of a co-uniformly locally compact quasi-uniform space and show that a Hausdorff topological space is -compact if and only if its (lower) semi-continuous quasi-uniformity is co-uniformly locally compact. A characterization of those Hausdorff quasi-uniform spaces for which the Hausdorff-Bourbaki quasi-uniformity is co-uniformly locally compact on is obtained.     

On Banach spaces X for which Π2 (X,L 1) = N1(X,L 1)

We prove that every 2-summing operator from a Banach space X into an L ₁-space is nuclear if and only if X is isomorphic to a Hilbert space. Then we study the class of Banach spaces X for which Π₂(l ₂, X) = N ₁(l ₂, X).     

Universal spaces for the subdifferentials of sublinear operators with values in the spaces of continuous functions

Given a continuous sublinear operator P: V → C(X) from a Hausdorff separable locally convex space V to the Banach space C(X) of continuous functions on a compact set X we prove that the subdifferential ∂P at zero is operator-affinely homeomorphic to the compact subdifferential ∂ ^c Q, i.e., the subdifferential consisting only of compact linear operators, of some compact sublinear operator Q: ł² → C(X) from a separable Hilbert space ł², where the spaces of operators are endowed with the pointwise convergence topology. From the topological viewpoint, this means that the space L ^c (ł², C(X)) of compact linear operators with the pointwise convergence topology is universal with respect to the embedding of the subdifferentials of sublinear operators of the class under consideration.     

Complexity spaces as quantitative domains of computation

We study domain theoretic properties of complexity spaces. Although the so-called complexity space is not a domain for the usual pointwise order, we show that, however, each pointed complexity space is an ω-continuous domain for which the complexity quasi-metric induces the Scott topology, and the supremum metric induces the Lawson topology. Hence, each pointed complexity space is both a quantifiable domain in the sense of M. Schellekens and a quantitative domain in the sense of P. Waszkiewicz, via the partial metric induced by the complexity quasi-metric.     

Pointwise Best Approximation in the Space of Strongly Measurable Functions with Applications to Best Approximation in L(μ,X)

The object of this paper is to prove the following theorem: Let Y be a closed subspace of the Banach space X, (S,Σ,μ) a σ-finite measure space, L(S,Y) (respectively, L(S, X)) the space of all strongly measurable functions from S to Y (respectively, X), and p a positive number. Then L(S,Y) is pointwise proximinal in L(S,X) if and only if L^p(μ,Y) is proximinal in L^p(μ,X). As an application of the theorem stated above, we prove that if Y is a separable closed subspace of the Banach space X, p is a positive number, then L^p(μ,Y) is proximinal in L^p(μ,X) if and only if Y is proximinal in X. Finally, several other interesting results on pointwise best approximation are also obtained.     

The quantitative difference between countable compactness and compactness

We establish here some inequalities between distances of pointwise bounded subsets H of RX to the space of real-valued continuous functions C(X) that allow us to examine the quantitative difference between (pointwise) countable compactness and compactness of H relative to C(X). We prove, amongst other things, that if X is a countably K-determined space the worst distance of the pointwise closure of H to C(X) is at most 5 times the worst distance of the sets of cluster points of sequences in H to C(X): here distance refers to the metric of uniform convergence in RX. We study the quantitative behavior of sequences in H approximating points in . As a particular case we obtain the results known about angelicity for these Cp(X) spaces obtained by Orihuela. We indeed prove our results for spaces C(X,Z) (hence for Banach-valued functions) and we give examples that show when our estimates are sharp.     

Stability of Doob—Meyer Decomposition Under Extended Convergence

In what follows, we consider the relation between Aldous‘s extended convergence and weak convergence of filtrations. We prove that, for a sequence (X^n) of Ft^n )-special semimartingales, with canonical decomposition X^n =M^n A^n, if the extended convergence (X^n,F.^n)→(X,T. ) holds with a quasi-left continuous (Ft)-special semimartingale X = M A, then, under an additional assumption of uniform integrability,we get the convergence in probability under the Skorokhod topology: M^n↑P→M and A^n↑P→ A.     

The optimal form of selection principles for functions of a real variable

Let T be a nonempty set of real numbers, X a metric space with metric d and X^T the set of all functions from T into X. If fX^T and n is a positive integer, we set , where the supremum is taken over all numbers a₁,…,a_n,b₁,…,b_n from T such that a₁b₁a₂b₂a_nb_n. The sequence is called the modulus of variation of f in the sense of Chanturiya. We prove the following pointwise selection principle: If a sequence of functions is such that the closure in X of the set is compact for each tT and

(∗)

then there exists a subsequence of , which converges in X pointwise on T to a function fX^T satisfying lim_n→∞ν(n,f)/n=0. We show that condition (*) is optimal (the best possible) and that all known pointwise selection theorems follow from this result (including Helly's theorem). Also, we establish several variants of the above theorem for the almost everywhere convergence and weak pointwise convergence when X is a reflexive separable Banach space.     

SMOOTHNESS PROPERTIES OF REAL-VALUED FUNCTIONS BASED ON THEIR OSCILLATION

Abstract

We consider the following two selection principles for topological spaces:

Principle 1: For each sequence of dense subsets, there is a sequence of points from the space, the n-th point coming from the n-th dense set, such that this set of points is dense in the space;

Principle 2: For each sequence of dense subsets, there is a sequence of finite sets, the n-th a subset of the n-th dense set, such that the union of these finite sets is dense in the space.

We show that for separable metric space X one of these principles holds for the space C_p (X) of realvalued continuous functions equipped with the pointwise convergence topology if, and only if, a corresponding principle holds for a special family of open covers of X. An example is given to show that these equivalences do not hold in general for Tychonoff spaces. It is further shown that these two principles give characterizations for two popular cardinal numbers, and that these two principles are intimately related to an infinite game that was studied by Berner and Juhász.     

Some notes on densely continuous forms

We consider a special space of set-valued functions (multifunctions), the space of densely continuous forms D(X, Y) between Hausdorff spaces X and Y, defined in [HAMMER, S. T.—McCOY, R. A.: Spaces of densely continuous forms, Set-Valued Anal. 5 (1997), 247–266] and investigated also in [HOLá, L’.: Spaces of densely continuous forms, USCO and minimal USCO maps, Set-Valued Anal. 11 (2003), 133–151]. We show some of its properties, completing the results from the papers [HOLY, D.—VADOVIČ, P.: Densely continuous forms, pointwise topology and cardinal functions, Czechoslovak Math. J. 58(133) (2008), 79–92] and [HOLY, D.—VADOVIČ, P.: Hausdorff graph topology, proximal graph topology and the uniform topology for densely continuous forms and minimal USCO maps, Acta Math. Hungar. 116 (2007), 133–144], in particular concerning the structure of the space of real-valued locally bounded densely continuous forms D _p ^*(X) equipped with the topology of pointwise convergence in the product space of all nonempty-compact-valued multifunctions. The paper also contains a comparison of cardinal functions on D _p ^*(X) and on real-valued continuous functions C _p (X) and a generalization of a sufficient condition for the countable cellularity of D _p ^*(X). This work was supported by Science and Technology Assistance Agency under the contract No. APVT-51-006904 and by the Eco-Net (EGIDE) programme of the Laboratoire de Mathématiques de l’Université de Saint-Etienne (LaMUSE), France.     

Permutable pairs of quasi-uniformities

We continue investigating the lattice (q(X),⊆) of quasi-uniformities on a set X. In particular in this article we start investigating permutable pairs of quasi-uniformities. Among other things, we show that the Pervin quasi-uniformity of a topological space X permutes with its conjugate if and only if X is normal and extremally disconnected.     

On cardinality bounds involving the weak Lindelöf degree

We give a general closing-off argument in Theorem 2.3 from which several corollaries follow, including (1) if X is a locally compact Hausdorff space then |X| ≤ 2^wL(X)ψ(X), and (2) if X is a locally compact power homogeneous Hausdorff space then |X| ≤ 2^wL(X)t(X). The first extends the well-known cardinality bound 2^ψ(X) for a compactum X in a new direction. As |X| ≤ 2^wL(X)χ(X) for a normal spaceX[4], this enlarges the class of known Tychonoff spaces for which this bound holds. In 2.12 we give a short, direct proof of (1) that does not use 2.3. Yet 2.3 is broad enough to establish results much more general than (1), such as if X is a regular space with a π-base ? such that |B| ≤ 2^wL(X)χ(X) for all B ∈ ?, then |X| ≤ 2^wL(X)χ(X).

Separately, it is shown that if X is a regular space with a π-base whose elements have compact closure, then |X| ≤ 2^{wL(X)ψ(X)t(X)}. This partially answers a question from [4] and gives a third, separate proof of (1). We also show that if X is a weakly Lindelöf, normal, sequential space with χ(X) ≤ 2^?0, then |X| ≤ 2^?0.

Result (2) above is a new generalization of the cardinality bound 2^t(X) for a power homogeneous compactum X (Arhangel'skii, van Mill, and Ridderbos [3], De la Vega in the homogeneous case [10]). To this end we show that if U ? clD ? X, where X is power homogeneous and U is open, then |U| ≤ |D|^πχ(X). This is a strengthening of a result of Ridderbos [19].