扫描电镜用于PTFE拉伸微孔膜的形态结构研究--研制中PTFE拉伸微孔膜的SEM鉴定

运用扫描电镜 (SEM )图像研究了聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)粉料经过推挤、辊压和拉伸得到的微孔膜的形态结构 ,观察到膜是由网状纤维及由它所连接的结点所组成 .单相和双向拉伸显著影响到膜结构的改变 ,而未经热处理的拉伸膜的丝状纤维在放置中收缩改变了膜的微孔形态结构 ,但在孔径测定中没有显著变化 .认为纤维丝是PTFE粉料在推挤和辊压中形成的结点在拉伸中伸展引出的并产生孔隙 ,而由于从SEM仅能观察到 1nm深度的膜表面层 ,厚度达数十微米多孔膜的孔径分布应是很错杂的 .     

荧光分子印迹膜选择性检测7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素

合成了以7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素为模板分子,聚偏氟乙烯微孔滤膜为支撑介质的分子印迹复合膜.采用荧光光度法,研究了荧光分子印迹膜的吸附动力学、吸附容量和选择性吸附性能.研究表明,该印迹膜对模板分子具有良好的识别功能.     

面向空耦电声换能器应用的高性能FEP/PTFE复合膜压电驻极体

压电驻极体(也称为铁电驻极体)是一类具有强压电效应的微孔结构驻极体材料,具有柔韧、低密度、低特性声阻抗等特征,是制备柔性空气耦合声电换能器的理想材料.针对器件对高灵敏度和高温工作环境的应用需求,本文报道高性能氟化乙丙烯/聚四氟乙烯(FEP/PTFE)复合膜压电驻极体的制备和性能表征.研究结果表明,FEP/PTFE膜的特...     

祝贺刘尚斌教授荣誉退休专辑 代序

正光阴飞逝,岁月如梭,不知不觉中,刘尚斌教授已荣誉退休.刘尚斌教授是NMR领域的国际著名专家,他一直致力于发展固体NMR谱学方法及将这些方法应用于微孔沸石与介孔分子筛等具有孔洞结构材料的表征中.他建立了先进的31P探针分子和激光抽运超极化~(129)Xe探针分子NMR实验方法,并结合多种传统分析技术,研究了一系列从微孔、介孔到大孔催化材料的结构与性能.他在多孔材料的孔道结构和酸性的NMR表征,以及NMR方法在有机-无机复合材料和物质均相/多相催化转化应用研究等方面均做出了卓越的学术贡献.     

NO分子的基态(X~2П)和激发态(a~4П and B~2П)光谱常量和振动能级的计算(英文)

本文使用完全活性空间自洽场/多组态相互作用(CASSCF/MRCI)理论,以cc-pVDZ为基组,计算了NO分子基态(X2Π)和激发态(a4ПandB2П)的平衡结构和单点能扫描曲线.采用最小二乘法拟合了Murrell-Sorbie函数,得到了NO分子的解析势能曲线,并利用Rydberg-Klein-Rees方法,计算得到的NO分子相应态的谐振频率和其它的光谱数据(ωe、αe、ωeχe、βe)与实验值十分一致,和其它理论计算方法进行比较,发现该方法有更好的准确性.以得到的解析势能函数为基础,求解NO分子核运动的一维径向Schrdinger方程,获得了更高振动态的振动能级.     

聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性

利用在室温和高温下的栅控恒压电晕充电,常温电晕充电后经不同温度老化处理后的表面电位衰减测量,及开路热刺激放电(ThermallyStimulatedDischarge,TSD)研究了正负充电后PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性.PTFE多孔膜,PTFE非多孔膜(TeflonPTFE)和FEP(TetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropyleneCopolymer)非多孔膜(TeflonFEP)间的电荷储存稳定性的比较研究也已进行.通过等温退极化程序,对上述三种薄膜驻极体的电荷储存寿命(有效时间常数)τ进行了定量估算.结果指出:在有机驻极体材料中,对正负充电后两种极性驻极体样品的PTFE多孔薄膜驻极体均呈现最优异的电荷储存稳定性,尤其是在高温条件下.通过扫描电镜(SEM)对这种新结构的氟聚合物驻极体材料的突出电荷储存能力和结构根源也已初步讨论. 关键词： 聚四氟乙烯 多孔膜 驻极体 电荷稳定性     

PH,PD分子基态(X3Σ-)的结构与势能函数

本文采用量子力学从头算方法,运用电相关单双耦合CCSD(T)/6-311 G(3df,2pd)和QCISD(T)/6-311 G(3df,2pd)研究了PH、PD分子基态的结构与势能函数,计算出了这些分子的光谱数据(ωe、ωeχe、Be、αe、De),结果与实验光谱数据吻合较好.这表明上述分子基态的势能函数可用经修正的Murrell-Sorbie c6函数来表示.     

CaH,CaD分子的结构及其基态(X~2∑~ )势能函数的理论研究

采用量子力学从头算方法,运用二次组态相互作用方法QCISD(T)结合6-311 G(3df,2pd)基组对CaH,CaD分子基态进行了几何结构优化、计算出了它们的光谱数据(ωe、ωeχe、Be、αe、De),结果与实验光谱数据吻合较好,表明上述分子基态的势能函数可用Murrell-Sorbie函数来表示.     

NO分子的基态（X2П）和激发态（a4П and B2П）光谱常量和振动能级的计算

本文使用完全活性空间自洽场/多组态相互作用 (CAS SCF/MRCI)理论, 以cc-pVDZ 为基组,计算了NO分子基态(X2Π)和激发态 (a4П and B2П)的平衡结构和单点能扫描曲线.采用最小二乘法拟合了Murrell-Sorbie函数, 得到了NO分子的解析势能曲线,并利用Rydberg-Klein-Rees方法,计算得到的NO分子相应态的谐振频率和其它的光谱数据(ωe、αe、ωeχe、 βe)与实验值十分一致,和其它理论计算方法进行比较,发现该方法有更好的准确性. 以得到的解析势能函数为基础, 求解NO分子核运动的一维径向Schrdinger方程, 获得了更高振动态的振动能级.     

CaH,CaD分子的结构及其基态(X2∑+)

采用量子力学从头算方法,运用二次组态相互作用方法QCISD(T)结合6-311++G(3df,2pd)基组对CaH,CaD分子基态进行了几何结构优化、计算出了它们的光谱数据(ωe、ωeχe、Be、αe、De),结果与实验光谱数据吻合较好,表明上述分子基态的势能函数可用Murrell-Sorbie函数来表示.     

Surface Modification of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Microporous Membranes by Acrylic Acid Liquid-Phase Graft Copolymerization

Air plasma-pretreated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films were subjected to further surface modification by liquid-phase graft copolymerization with acrylic acid monomer (AAc). The surface compositions and microstructures of the modified films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An exterior graft copolymerization of AAc on the PTFE fiber was indicated by the SEM photographs. The XPS results indicated that the F/C atomic ratio of the membranes were 1.837 and 1.207, and the O/C atomic ratio were 0 and 0.112 for the original and liquid-phase grafted PTFE membranes, respectively. The pore size distributions of the treated and untreated PTFE membranes, measured by the bubble-point method, were much smaller than that of the untreated membrane.     

Cellular reactions of osteoblast-like cells to a novel nanocomposite membrane for guided bone regeneration

This study investigated the bioactivity and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA)/Polyamide-66 (PA66) nanocomposite membrane and expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (as control) to MG63 osteoblast-like cells. The attachment and proliferation of the cells on the porous surface of nHA/PA66 membrane and the surface of e-PTFE membrane were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and the MTT assay. The bioactivity of the cells on the surface of the two membranes was evaluated by testing cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The results suggested that the bioresponse of MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the porous surface of nHA/PA66 membrane was better than the bioresponse on the opposite surface of e-PTFE membrane. Because of a better cell attachment manner, there is a potential utilization of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane to substitute nHA/PA66 membrane for e-PTFE membrane.     

The tungsten powder study of the dispenser cathode

The intercorrelation of tungsten powder properties, such as grain size, distribution and morphology, and porous matrix parameters with electron emission capability and longevity of Ba dispenser cathodes has been investigated for the different grain morphologies. It is shown that a fully cleaning step of the tungsten powder is so necessary that the tungsten powder will be reduction of oxide in hydrogen atmosphere above 700 °C. The porosity of the tungsten matrix distributes more even and the closed pore is fewer, the average granule size of the tungsten powder distributes more convergent. The porosity of the tungsten matrix and the evaporation of the activator are bigger and the pulse of the cathode is smaller when the granularity is bigger by the analysis of the electronic microscope and diode experiment.     

Nano and micro porous GaN characterization using image processing method

This work reports the fabrication of porous N-GaN structures and their quantitative structural characteristic study based on mathematical morphology analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The evaluation of N-GaN quality is carried out by performing a nondestructive investigation of its micro and nanostructures, which in turn is performed by adapting image analysis techniques to obtain rapid, objective, and quantitative information. The algorithm used in this work was implemented using the MATLAB software. Using the algorithm made obtaining the distribution of maximum, minimum, and average radius of the pores in the N-GaN structures possible. Calculating the area occupied by the pores allowed the porosity of the structures to be obtained. The quantitative results were obtained and related to the fabrication process characteristics, showing their reliability and potential to be used for controlling the pores in the formation process. Thus, this technique can provide a more accurate determination of pore sizes and pore distributions.     

The influence of sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) on surface nano-morphology and performance of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane

In this research, firstly sulfonation of polyethersulfone (PES) was carried out and then polyethersulfone (PES)/sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) blend membranes were prepared with phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation technique. polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 2 wt% concentration) was added in the casting solution as pore former. SPES was characterized by FT-IR and UV-visible spectra, ion exchange capacity and swelling ratio. The characterization of SPES polymer indicates that the sulfonic acid groups were produced on PES polymer. Also, the prepared PES/SPES blend membranes were characterized by contact angle, AFM, SEM and cross-flow filtration for milk concentration. The contact angle measurements indicate that the hydrophilicity of PES membrane is enhanced by increasing the SPES content in the casting solution. The SEM and AFM images show that the addition of SPES in the casting solution results in a membrane with larger surface pore size and higher sub-layer porosity. The mean pore size of the membrane increased from 98 nm for PES membrane to 240 and 910 nm for 50/50 and 0/100 PES/SPES blend membranes, respectively. The pure water flux and milk water permeation through the prepared membranes are increased by blending PES with SPES. Moreover, the protein rejection of PES/SPES blend membranes was lower than PES membrane.     

一种基于工业CT图像的岩心孔隙率计算方法

针对目前基于工业CT图像的岩心孔隙计算中都采用局部自定义区域数据的问题,提出了一种基于岩心图像全部数据的孔隙率计算方法。其中,岩心目标的准确提取是该方法的关键。研究了图像中岩心目标与周边噪音的结构和位置关系,并以此为依据提出了一种工业CT图像的岩心目标提取算法。然后以CT图像中的岩心目标为数据源,通过目标内的孔隙像素与目标像素之比来计算单张图像的岩心孔隙率。而针对岩心的序列CT图像,则通过计算每张图像的孔隙率均值来获得该岩心的孔隙率。最后,以一岩心样本的CT序列图像为例,说明所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

Factors influencing activated carbon-polymeric composite membrane structure and performance

Hybrid carbon-polymeric composite membranes were synthesized by an immersion-precipitation method using polysulfone as polymer precusor and activated carbon dissolved in dimethyl formamide as casting solution. Surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed studying the morphology of membranes as a function of synthesis conditions (carbon loading and particle size). Membrane porosity distribution and mean pore size were obtained numerically using IFME^® program.Effect of casting conditions over carbon was also investigated by SEM.Hybrid membrane performances were characterized in terms of water and oligomeric flux in a continuous operation mode. Selective rejection of dextranes of high molecular weight was obtained. Results showed that permeability for composite membranes is influenced basically by loading and activated carbon particle size, giving rise to materials with a better performance than non-hybrid ones for this application.     

Effects of sediment physical properties on the phosphorus release in aquatic environment

Particle size, porosity, and the initial phosphorus concentration in sediments are the main factors affecting phosphorus release flux through the sediment-water interface. Sediments can be physically divided to muddy and sandy matters, and the adsorption-desorption capacity of sediment with phosphorus depends on particle size. According to phosphorus adsorption-desorption experiments, phosphorus sorption capacity of the sediment decreases with the increase of particle dimension. But among the size-similar particles, sediment with a bigger particle size has the larger initial phosphorus release rate. In terms of muddy and sandy sediments, there are inversely proportional relationships between the release rate and the flux. Due to the contact of surface sediment and the overlying water, the release flux from the sediment is either from direct desorption of surface sediment layer or from the diffusion of pore water in the sediment layer, which is mainly determined by sediment particle size and porosity. Generally, static phosphorus release process may include two stages: the first is the initial release. As for coarse particles, phosphorus is desorbed from surface sediment. And for fine particles, phosphorus concentration in water often decreases, mainly from pore water by the molecular diffusion. During the second stage, pore water flows faster in coarse sediment, and phosphorus is easy to desorb from the surface of the particles as diffusion dominates. For the smaller liquid-solid ratio of fine particles and the larger amount of phosphorus adsorption, the release flux from pore water due to diffusion is very small with longer sorption duration.     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticle size on the performance of PVDF membrane

The comparison of the performance and morphology was carried out between neat PVDF membrane and PVDF composite membranes with nanosized TiO₂ particles of different size. The results of permeability and instrumental analysis illustrated that nanometer size obviously affected the performance and structure of the PVDF membranes. The smaller nanoparticles could improve the antifouling property of the PVDF membrane more remarkably. The surface and cross-section of the membranes were observed with an atomic force microscopy (AFM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TiO₂/PVDF membrane with smaller nanoparticles had smaller mean pore size on its surface and more apertures inside the membrane. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments also suggested that smaller TiO₂ nanoparticles had stronger effect on the crystallization of PVDF molecules.     

Studies of porous media by thermally polarized gas NMR: current status

Three examples of thermally polarized gas NMR performed at New Mexico Resonance are presented to demonstrate its unique advantages in porous media studies. 1) In-vivo animal lung imaging by Kuethe et al., in which useful quality 3D images of rat lungs were obtained in 30 min. It is conjectured that comparable human lung images would take much less time to make, possibly by the ratio of body weights, a factor of several hundred. 2) The success of the lung imaging suggested other porous media as candidates for thermally polarized gas NMR. Caprihan and coworkers obtained excellent images from partially sintered ceramics and Vycor glass. Since then, Beyea has developed the technique of spatially resolved BET curves for ceramics and other nanoporous solids. In this way, surface area, pore size, and porosity, averaged over an image voxel, can be spatially resolved. This greatly aids in the characterization of such materials, especially with regards to spatial heterogeneities. 3) Finally, we describe Codd's propagator experiments on propane gas flowing through a packed bed of 300 microm beads. In order to increase signal-to-noise ratio, the flowing gas was pressurized to 170 kPa. Excellent quality propagators showing the discrete nature of the bead pack were obtained. This type of information is not available in comparable liquid studies because most spins will not diffuse far enough to sample the walls in the time available.