玻璃硅烷化处理对罗丹明6G和亚甲基蓝吸附行为的影响

利用六甲基二硅烷胺对平面玻璃光波导(高折射率透明导光薄膜介质)进行硅烷化处理, 得到水接触角大于90°的疏水表面. 然后使用时间分辨光波导分光光谱技术研究水溶液中的罗丹明6G (R6G)和亚甲基蓝(MB)分子在疏水玻璃表面的吸附行为, 并与亲水玻璃条件下测得的结果进行对比. 对利用疏水玻璃光波导测得的R6G的吸附-脱附动力学曲线进行Langmuir拟合得到了R6G的吸附速率常数, 脱附速率常数以及吸附自由能. 并且发现与亲水玻璃情况相比, 吸附速率常数增大, 脱附速率常数减小, 吸附自由能更负. 在疏水玻璃表面形成的R6G和MB吸附层的吸光度与亲水玻璃情况相比显著升高, 表明这两种分子更倾向于吸附在疏水玻璃表面. 实验结果还发现玻璃硅烷化处理能够有效抑制这两种染料分子在表面的聚合反应.     

光波导分光光谱技术研究染料分子在玻璃表面的吸附特性

光波导分光光谱技术利用光波导表面的消逝场敏感地测定有色物质亚单分子吸附层的偏振吸收光谱, 非常适合于研究染料、颜料、荧光分子、量子点、金属纳米粒子、带色基的蛋白质等在固/液界面的吸附行为. 本文使用宽频带卤钨灯、棱镜耦合的薄膜玻璃光波导和基于电荷耦合器件(CCD)的光谱分析仪设计制作了具有时间分辨本领的光波导分光光谱装置, 并利用该装置实时监测了罗丹明6G(R6G)和亚甲基蓝(MB)在玻璃表面的吸附特性. 通过比较在横电(TE)和横磁(TM)偏振模式下的吸收光谱, 发现R6G主要以二聚体和单体的形式吸附在玻璃表面, 而MB主要以多聚体的形式吸附在玻璃表面, 并分别估算了它们的平均取向角.     

基于偏振光波导分光光谱技术原位研究纳米金-细胞色素c 自组装过程

时间分辨偏振光波导分光光谱技术是一种用于研究表面分子吸附动力学的强大工具. 利用该技术实时、原位监测纳米金与细胞色素c的静电自组装过程, 发现随着吸附层数的增加, 纳米金粒子吸附层产生的局域等离子体共振(LSPR)吸收峰发生了红移, 而且在横磁(TM)模式下的红移比横电(TE)模式下的红移更快; 细胞色素c在纳米金表面的吸附导致LSPR吸收峰的峰位和强度在TM模式下显著红移和升高, 相比之下, TE模式下的LSPR吸收峰无明显变化. 对实验数据的分析验证了纳米金在细胞色素c单分子层表面的吸附动力学行为遵循扩散控制模型, 细胞色素c在纳米金单粒子层表面的吸附动力学行为遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型, 进一步估算了细胞色素c在纳米金表面的吸附速率常数、脱附速率常数和吸附自由能.     

梯度薄膜增敏的光波导表面散射传感方法用于生物气溶胶探测

生物气溶胶监测对于疾病防控、防化反恐、环境保护与资源调查等至关重要。本研究提出了一种基于高折射率梯度薄膜增敏的平板玻璃光波导表面散射传感方法,通过探测光波导散射光强度随时间的变化,分析生物气溶胶在光波导表面的颗粒沉降过程,进而获取生物气溶胶的浓度等信息。本研究通过理论推导得出光波导散射光强度与沉降粒子数之间的函数关系式,选用牛血清蛋白(BSA)水溶液作为生物气溶胶原液,采用五氧化二钽(Ta₂O₅)梯度薄膜增敏的离子交换平板玻璃单模光波导测试了BSA分子团聚体沉降引起的表面散射光变化,通过比对测试分析了Ta₂O₅梯度薄膜的增敏效果。实验结果表明,散射光强度随BSA分子团聚体沉降量的增加而增大,与BSA原液浓度呈良好线性关系,当单模玻璃光波导表面覆盖Ta₂O₅梯度薄膜后,其在横电基模(TE0)下对BSA分子团聚体沉降的探测灵敏度提高了50倍,并且采用TE0模测得的探测灵敏度比横磁基模(TM0)高4倍。本研究制备的Ta₂O₅     

光波导耦合的表面等离子体共振光谱传感器实时监测表面生化反应

利用厚度为100 μm且局部表面覆盖有45 nm金膜的玻璃片作为消逝波表面敏感元件,自主设计并组装了光波导耦合的光谱表面等离子体共振(SPR)生化传感器.本仪器使用一对玻璃棱镜作为输入-输出耦合器,卤钨灯作为白光光源,利用时间分辨的CCD光谱分析仪对光波导输出光谱进行快速测定.这种光波导耦合的光谱SPR传感器灵敏度高,稳定性好,时间分辨率高,光谱窗口和动态探测范围宽,非常适合于表面生化反应的动力学测试.利用这种光波导耦合的光谱SPR传感器对金纳米粒子在半胱胺修饰的金膜表面的自组装过程进行了原位实时监测.     

沥青基球形活性炭对葡萄糖分子的吸附行为研究

考察了沥青基球形活性炭(PSAC)对葡萄糖分子的吸附行为,以探讨其治疗糖尿病的可能性.在不同吸附时间、不同活性炭用量及不同浓度等条件下,测定沥青基球形活性炭对葡萄糖分子的吸附量,根据Langmuir和Freundlich等温线方程对吸附等温线数据进行拟合,检验实验数据与方程的吻合度,确定方程参数.同时,研究了葡萄糖和α-淀粉酶在沥青基球形活性炭上的竞争吸附行为.结果表明,所选用沥青基球形活性炭对葡萄糖分子的吸附在5h内达到吸附平衡;葡萄糖的初始浓度为3g/时,平衡吸附量为71mg/g;平衡吸附量受葡萄糖分子空间构象的影响,且随葡萄糖浓度的升高而增加,吸附等温线数据与Langmuir方程吻合,说明该吸附为单分子层吸附.在葡萄糖分子和α-淀粉酶的共存环境下,沥青基球形活性炭对葡萄糖有较好的吸附选择性.     

MB-硬脂酸复合薄膜光波导传感器检测氯化氢气体

利用旋转甩涂法将亚甲基蓝(MB)掺杂的硬脂酸溶液涂成薄膜固定在钾离子(K⁺)交换玻璃光波导表面上, 研制了MB-硬脂酸复合薄膜/K⁺交换玻璃光波导传感器, 并对酸性气体进行了检测. 该复合薄膜与氯化氢(HCl)气体作用时, 薄膜颜色从深蓝色变为浅蓝色, 导致薄膜对倏逝波的吸收降低, 使传感器的输出光强度增强. 结果表明, 在室温下该传感器对低浓度的氯化氢气体仍具有较好的重复性和选择性响应, 可检测到体积分数为1×10^-6%的HCl气体, 响应和恢复时间分别为7和20 s, 相对标准偏差为±6.06%. 该传感器具有灵敏度高、 响应-恢复速度快、 可逆性好、 成本低和容易制备等特点.     

三维生物高分子/氧化石墨烯复合凝胶对阳离子染料吸附的研究

采用一种简便的方法制备了生物高分子调控的氧化石墨烯凝胶用于水污染处理.将生物高分子白蛋白(BSA)、壳聚糖(CS)、及脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)与氧化石墨烯(GO)共混,自组装形成水凝胶,最后冻干得到生物高分子/氧化石墨烯复合凝胶.通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、纳米粒度分析仪等分析复合凝胶的组装结构与表面电位.结果表明凝胶呈现内部联通的三维多孔结构,该结构有利于被吸附分子的快速内部扩散.红外光谱证明了生物高分子被成功负载到了凝胶网络中.然后将该复合凝胶用于阳离子染料的吸附,吸附实验表明这类生物高分子/氧化石墨烯复合凝胶对阳离子染料有很好的吸附效果,同时也对阴离子和非离子毒性分子有一定的吸附能力.研究了吸附时间,初始浓度,pH值等对凝胶吸附量的影响,并考察了凝胶的解吸附.最后详细探讨了GO-BSA、GO-CS和GO-DNA凝胶对亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附的动力学和吸附等温式.经吸附动力学拟合,生物高分子/氧化石墨烯复合凝胶吸附MB复合二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附,对MB分子是单分子层吸附,吸附初期为大孔隙扩散,后期为粒子内扩散.     

光波导共振技术结合比色法检测葡萄糖溶液的浓度

利用比色法结合双面金属包覆波导构建了一种高灵敏度的光波导振荡场传感器. 将葡萄糖溶液与氧化酶试剂混合, 使葡萄糖溶液显色并注入波导结构, 采用波长为650 nm的激光入射于波导表面, 经角度扫描产生衰减全反射(ATR)吸收峰, 通过ATR吸收峰的极小值来检测葡萄糖溶液的浓度变化. 实验结果表明, 该技术对葡萄糖溶液浓度的分辨率达到111 nmol/mL, 其灵敏度高于分光光度计.     

用激光第二谐振光研究阴离子在多晶铜电极表面上的吸附

首次用激光产生的第二谐振光(SHG)检测到金属/水溶液界面上阴离子在多晶铜电极表面上的吸附,阴离子吸附特性对SHG强度影响明显,由多晶铜电极在(0.5-x)mol/L NaClO_4+xmol/L NaBr溶液中的SHG强度-电位曲线表明铜电极表面对ClO_4~-的吸附非常弱,对Br~-有特定的吸附,SHG强度随Br~-浓度增加而增强,结果表明SHG是定量研究电化学界面区吸附特性的灵敏有效的探针,可揭示金属与吸附质间相互作用的本质。     

Kinetics of competitive adsorption of β-casein and methylene blue on hydrophilic glass

The competitive adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and β-casein on hydrophilic glass from an aqueous mixed solution was directly detected at the solution pH smaller than the protein isoelectric point (pI) by means of the waveguide-based broadband time-resolved evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy. The competitive adsorption causes the MB coverage to exponentially decrease with time from its peak value and prevents MB aggregation at the interface. The kinetic equation for the competitive adsorption of binary adsorbates was theoretically deduced based on the Langmuir model, and was used for creating the best fit to the experimental data. In the case of a fixed concentration of MB in the mixed solution, the best-fit parameter τ(-1) increases with the protein concentration at a specific pH and decreases with the solution pH at a given concentration of protein. The findings suggest that the β-casein concentration in sub-μM level can be rapidly determined by the time-resolved waveguide absorptiometry based on the competitive adsorption of MB and protein.     

A sub-second, time-resolved, linear dichroism measurement system for visible attenuated total reflection spectroscopy with a slab optical waveguide

A sub-second, time-resolved, linear dichroism (LD) measurement system was constructed, fitted with a slab optical waveguide (SOWG), and utilized to observe the adsorption process of methylene blue (MB) onto silica surfaces. In the system, a semiconductor laser (670 nm) was used as the light source and the out-coupled beam from the SOWG was split by a polarizing beam splitter into two polarized beams (TE and TM modes) to allow sequential linear dichroic ratio data to be obtained; the acquisition rate was 11 data sets per second. For an MB solution that contained no sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS), in contact with a bare silica surface, a clear decrease occurred in the average orientation angle of adsorbed MB in the initial stages of the adsorption process. This result may correspond to a change in the chemical form of MB from monomer to dimer.     

Adsorption of methylene blue onto jute fiber carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies

Jute fiber obtained from the stem of a plant was used to prepare activated carbon using phosphoric acid. Feasibility of employing this jute fiber activated carbon (JFC) for the removal of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorption of MB on JFC has found to dependent on contact time, MB concentration and pH. Experimental result follows Langmuir isotherm model and the capacity was found to be 225.64 mg/g. The optimum pH for the MB removal was found to be 5-10. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations have been analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich equation. Among the kinetic models studied, the intraparticle diffusion was the best applicable model to describe the adsorption of MB onto JFC.     

Study on the chemisorption kinetics of Methylene Blue using SERS technique

SERS technique was used to study the chemisorption kinetics of Methylene Blue (MB) on the HNO3-etched silver surface. The adsorption kinetic parameters were deduced from different vibrational modes at a low concentration of 3.5×10-6 mol/L, and it showed that MB adsorbed uniformly (monolayerly) on silver surface. However, the adsorptive behavior turned anomalous at relatively higher concentrations and a possible explanation was suggested. In addition, the influence of Cl- ions on the adsorption states of MB was investigated, and it was shown that MB molecules, adsorbed on the silver surface, tended to transform from the "lying-down" state to the "end- on"4 state after Cl- ions were added.     

Adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by agricultural waste: Equilibrium,thermodynamics, kinetics,mechanism and process design

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution onto a cashew nut shell (CNS) was investigated as a function of parameters such as solution pH, CNS dose, contact time, initial MB dye concentration and temperature. The CNS was shown to be effective for the quantitative removal of MB dye, and the equilibrium was reached in 60 min. The experimental data were analysed by two-parameter isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models) using nonlinear regression analysis. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm and the related correlation coefficients were determined. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also evaluated, the sorption process was found to be spontaneous and exothermic. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models were used to analyze the adsorption process. The results of the kinetic study suggest that the adsorption of MB dye matches the pseudo-second-order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumably chemisorption. The adsorption process was found to be controlled by both surface and pore diffusion. Analysis of adsorption data using a Boyd kinetic plot confirmed that the external mass transfer is a rate determining step in the sorption process. A single-stage batch adsorber was designed for different CNS doses to effluent volume ratios using the Freundlich equation. The results indicated that the CNS could be used effectively to adsorb MB dye from aqueous solutions.     

Adsorption behavior of cytochrome c, myoglobin and hemoglobin in a quartz surface probed using slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy.

Slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy was used to observe the adsorption behavior of three important heme proteins, namely cytochrome c, myoglobin and hemoglobin, in a quartz surface. Using prism-coupled polychromatic visible light propagated into a quartz waveguide by internal total reflection, the real-time monitoring of evanescent wave absorption revealed a strong dependence of the protein-surface interaction on the protein concentration, the solution pH and the ionic strength. For the three proteins studied, the absorbance-bulk concentration ratio was higher at low bulk concentrations, and decreased at higher concentrations. For cytochrome c and myoglobin, the absorbance approached a limiting value, but buffered hemoglobin surprisingly did not show any indication of forming a signal plateau. Moreover, the slow introduction of protein into the solution lessened the total adsorbed amount per unit area. These observations suggested a possible conformational transition of the protein molecules at the quartz surface after adsorption. For a bulkier protein, hemoglobin, adsorption onto the quartz surface was enhanced in the presence of a phosphate buffer, while the opposite effect was observed for the smaller cytochrome c and myoglobin molecules. The results of pH studies concurred with the electrostatic interactions predicted from the isoelectric data of proteins and the quartz surface.     

Body temperature-responsive gels derived from hydroxypropylcellulose bearing lignin II: adsorption and release behavior

The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of hydroxypropylcellulose bearing lignin (HPC-L) prepared from unbleached pulp depends on the amount of residual lignin. An HPC-L gel having thermal properties reflective of original HPC-L was prepared using ethyleneglycol diglycidylether as a crosslinker, as previously reported [Uraki et al. (2004) Carbohydr. Polym. 58:123–130], and the volume transition temperature was detected as an endothermic peak by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The adsorption and release behavior of the guest molecules to/from this gel was then examined. When the adsorption of cationic and anionic guests was compared, cationic methylene blue (MB) was adsorbed in larger amounts than anionic methyl orange (MO). In addition, MB adsorption into the HPC-L gel was greater than MB adsorption into the HPC gel prepared from commercially available HPC. This suggests that residual lignin affects the adsorption of organic dyes. Significant differences were not observed with respect to the release of MB from HPC-L at 38 °C and lower temperatures. In the adsorption of surfactants, marked adsorption at around the critical micelle concentration of the ionic surfactants and gel swelling were observed. Such swelling did not occur in the aqueous nonionic surfactant solution, although the nonionic surfactant was adsorbed into the gel. Gel swelling may have been caused by the electrostatic repulsion of the ionic surfactants adsorbed onto the polymer chains within the gel structure.     

Single and Binary Dye Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange in Alcohol Aqueous Solution via Rice Husk Based Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

The present work was mainly focused on the single and binary adsorption of methylene blue(MB) and methyl orange(MO) from alcohol aqueous solution over rice husk based activated carbon(RHAC). The study of single dye adsorption equilibrium experiments found that the Langmuir adsorption model was consistent with the adsorption behavior of RHAC on MB and MO, indicating that it was a single layer adsorption. The adsorption behavior conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The binary dye adsorption experiments showed that the Langmuir-Freundlich model could be applied to describe the adsorption behavior of RHAC on MB and MO. Comparation with the single dye system, the adsorption capacity on the binary dye system was larger, and there was "competitive adsorption" and "synergistic adsorption" effects existed. Meanwhile, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model also fit for the binary dye adsorption behavior.