丙烯和氧等离子体直接气相合成环氧丙烷

在室温和大气压下,在针板式反应器中,通过脉冲电晕放电等离子体对分子氧和丙烯直接合成环氧丙烷的活化作用,考察了放电电极间距、电晕放电脉冲电压以及电晕放电重复频率参数对丙烯转化率、环氧丙烷产率和其选择性的影响,反应物及各产物通过在线色谱法进行分析.实验结果表明,在室温和大气压下,用脉冲电晕等离子体法可转化丙烯和氧气直接生成环氧丙烷,适当调节上述各参数可提高环氧丙烷的收率.当反应气总流速为200mL/min,极间距为4mm,脉冲放电电压为18kV,放电频率为120Hz时,环氧丙烷的收率、丙烯的转化率及环氧丙烷的选择性分别为5.15%,19.15%和26.89%.     

CuCl_2/13X催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中的应用

将13X分子筛与氯化铜活性组分相结合,制备了稳定性和选择性优异的乙炔氢氯化反应催化剂CuCl_2/13X.系统考察了氯化铜负载量、反应温度、反应气空速、预处理温度对CuCl_2/13X催化剂反应性能的影响.发现经300℃预处理后,在反应温度220℃和乙炔空速30 h~(-1)条件下,氯化铜负载量25%的25CuCl_2/13X催化剂具有最佳的反应性能,乙炔转化率高于78%、氯乙烯选择性超过99%,反应16 h后催化剂的活性和选择性稳定且略有升高.运用低温氮气物理吸附、穿透实验、热重分析以及X射线衍射分析等手段对催化剂及反应过程进行了表征.分析了反应条件对结果产生影响的原因,并发现催化剂对HCl的强吸附性能和13X与氯化铜之间的相互促进作用,是CuCl_2/13X性能优于CuCl_2/AC的原因.     

电场增强催化甲烷合成碳二烃催化剂影响研究

本研究提出了在常温、常压电场增强等离子体条件下甲烷直接转化合成碳二烃的洁净工艺 ,在不同的放电电压、放电功率、甲烷进料流量和不同的催化剂作用下 ,甲烷能够以不同的转化率和选择性转变为碳二烃。对影响甲烷转化率和碳二烃选择性的因素 :放电电压、放电功率、甲烷进料流量和催化剂进行了研究 ,对催化剂性能进行了比较 ,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明 ,适宜的工艺条件 :放电电压 2 0kV～ 4 0kV ;输入功率 :2 0W～ 4 0W ;合适的甲烷进料流量 :30mL/min～ 70mL/min。在该条件下 ,碳二烃的选择性可以达到 95 % ;催化剂对甲烷转化率的影响顺序为MnO2 /Al2 O3 >Ni/Al2 O3 >MoO3 /Al2 O3 >Ni/NaY >Pd/ZSM 5 >Ni/H4Mg2 Si3 O4>Ni/ZSM 5 >Co/ZSM 5 >无催化剂。     

脉冲电晕放电-催化转化CO2为CO

在常温、常压下，较系统地研究了CO2在脉冲电晕等离子体条件下的活化与转化，考察了反应器参数、脉冲成形电容、应用电压、气体流量、电晕极性对二氧化碳转化的影响。在本实验条件下，最佳反应器的有效长度为125mm,内径为22mm。二氧化碳转化率和一氧化碳产率随应用电压的增加而增加。另外，随着应用电压的增加，脉冲反应器的能量利用效率反而降低。随着气体流量的增大，二氧化碳的转化率及一氧化碳的产率下降。γ-Al2O3的存在大大促进了二氧化碳的转化，CO2的最高转化率达23％。由于γ-Al2O3在物化性质方面的特性，γ－Al2O3的存在对二氧化碳的转化有重要的作用。研究表明：脉冲电晕放电－催化转化CO2为CO是可行的。     

电晕放电二氧化碳冷等离子体转化特性研究

在常压、室温条件下利用电晕放电使二氧化碳通过冷等离子体反应分解为一氧化碳和氧气,由四极质谱在线定量在分析产物组成。考察反应条件（电晕类型、能量密度、气体流量等）对反应转化率的影响,分析了该反应的能量效率。当放电功率为40W、CO2流量为30mL.min^-1时,正电晕等离子体CO2分解反应的转化率为15．2％;CO2,专座经率随体系能量密度的增加上升,随反应时间的增加而增大,当CO2流量为90mL.min^-1、正电晕放电功率为37．6W时,反应体系的能量效率为5．89％。实验发现,正电晕放电时CO2的转化率高负电晕的转化率。     

非水相脂肪酶催化氟比洛芬维C酯的合成及条件优化

采用非水相酶催化法合成氟比洛芬维生素C酯,使用高效液相色谱和质谱等方法对产物结构进行了表征.同时构建非水相反应体系,通过研究确定最优合成条件：在10 mL、0.057 mol/L的叔丁醇维生素C溶液中,分别添加2.84 mmol氟比洛芬甲酯,10%的N435脂肪酶（以底物的质量分数计）,0.8 g分子筛,在70℃,200 r/min的条件下反应28 h.最优条件下的产物转化率为73.63%.     

基于离子迁移谱及一氧化氮掺杂检测甲硫醇

针对低浓度甲硫醇快速检测需求,开展了以一氧化氮作为掺杂剂的离子迁移谱检测方法研究。设计并搭建了电晕放电离子迁移谱检测系统,优化了系统工作参数：漂移管工作温度180℃,放电电压10.5 kV,掺杂流量160 mL/min,进样流量150 mL/min。在优化参数下检测不同浓度的甲硫醇气体标准样品,结果表明掺杂一氧化氮明显提高了检测甲硫醇的灵敏度,理论检出限可达4.2×10-4 mg/m3,满足国家标准一级厂界要求。     

Ti-MCM-41催化环己烯环氧化反应

采用水热法合成了Ti-MCM-41分子筛,XRD、FT-IR、ICP-AES以及DRS-UV-Vis表征结果表明几乎所有的Ti均进入具有MCM-41结构的分子筛骨架中。所合成的Ti-MCM-41对环己烯催化环氧化反应具有较优异的催化性能。溶剂种类、Ti-MCM-41催化剂用量、环己烯/H2O2比、反应温度等工艺条件对Ti-MCM-41催化性能的影响考察表明,在催化剂用量23.33g/L、环己烯浓度2.67mol/L、H2O2浓度0.67mol/L、10mL乙腈为溶剂、70℃反应180min条件下,环己烯单程转化率及H2O2有效利用率最高分别可达23.85%和95.04%。     

镧改性β分子筛上的异丁烯水合醚化复合反应

 采用离子交换法,分别在微波加热和常规加热的条件下,制备了La/β分子筛催化剂,并采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、 X射线衍射与能量色散谱进行了表征. 考察了不同加热条件下所得的改性β分子筛上La的负载量, La在分子筛表面的分散度以及催化剂对乙醇-水-异丁烯体系水合醚化复合反应的催化性能,并分析了反应机理. 与传统加热法相比,微波加热法制得的催化剂上La离子的一次交换度和负载量高,且交换时间大大缩短. La离子的引入使得β分子筛上乙醇与水的转化率提高了10%～20%, 而且随着La负载量的增加,催化剂的活性呈明显的上升趋势. 反应机理的分析表明,上述水合醚化反应主要发生在β分子筛的表面上, B酸位桥接 Al-OH-Si 酸性点可能是主要的反应活性点,并且反应过程经历碳正离子中间体的形成步骤.     

脉冲电晕放电下的甲烷氧化偶联反应(英文)

研究了在常温,常压及惰性气体稀释的条件下,用脉冲电晕放电进行的甲烷氧化偶联（OCM）反应。在各种实验条件下,产物CZ烃由一6o／o乙烯,－70rk乙烷和一87％乙炔组成。甲烷的转化率及CZ烃的生成速率依赖于反应气中甲烷与氧气的比值,它们的流速及直流电源的电压等n通过调节这些实验条件,甲烷转化为C4烃的转化率可得到优化,在45kV高压,30ml。／min的流速下（反应气体组成为95％CHn与50／0O2）,CZ烃的最高选择性可达85O／O。当反应气体组成为80％CH4和20O／oOZ时,甲烷的最高转化率达23％。在间歇式反应器中,甲烷转化率随反应时间增长而提高,反应75分钟时甲烷转化率达7lO／O,而CZ烃的产物分布,尤其是乙炔的含量随反应时间增长而明显降低,这些实验结果支持了文献中提出的ZCH4～CZH6—CZH4～CZHZ～CO／COZ反应历程。     

Density distribution of high energy electrons in pulsed corona discharge of NO+N2 mixture

Emission spectroscopy of the high-voltage pulsed positive corona discharge in a line-cylinder reactor is used to investigate the high-energy electron density distribution in the discharge gap. The relative overall emission intensity spatial distribution profile of the A2Sigma+ --> X2Pi transition of NO is successfully recorded against a severe electromagnetic pulse interference coming from the corona discharge at one atmosphere. The spectroscopic investigation shows that the high-energy electron density in the discharge has a nonlinearly decline in the radial distribution. When varying the discharge voltage, the absolute emission intensity of NO is different but the radial distribution profile is similar. If an oxygen flow was introduced into the discharge reactor, the emission intensity of NO decreases tremendously and, therefore, the high-energy electron density decreases reasonably.     

A High-Efficiency Reactor for the Pulsed Plasma Conversion of Methane

The authors recently developed a high-frequency pulsed plasma process for methane conversion to acetylene and hydrogen using a co-axial cylindrical (CAC) type of reactor. The energy efficiency represented by methane conversion rate per unit input energy has been improved so that such a pulsed plasma has potential for commercial acetylene production. A pulsed plasma consists of a pulsed corona discharge and a pulsed spark discharge. Most of energy is injected over the duration of the pulsed spark discharge. Methane conversion using this kind of pulsed plasma is a kind of pyrolysis enhanced by the pulsed spark discharge. In this study, a point-to-point (PTP) type of reactor that can produce a discharge channel over the duration of a pulse discharge was used for the pulsed plasma conversion of methane. The energy efficiency and carbon formation on electrodes have been improved. The influences of pulse frequency and pulse voltage on methane conversion rate and product selectivity were investigated. The features of methane conversion using PTP and CAC reactors were discussed.     

Influence of Plasma Regimes and Catalysts on Ethanethiol Oxidation

Plasma oxidation of ethanethiol in air was investigated using three plasma regimes: surface dielectric pulsed corona discharge, surface dielectric barrier discharge and pulsed corona discharge (PCD) in the plasma reactor. Catalytic plasma degradation of ethanethiol was also performed on the singular or binary metals doped ?èCAl₂O₃. The ethanethiol removal rate increased with increasing energy density but energy efficiency was first increased and then decreased with increasing energy density under three various types of discharges. PCD plasma required the lowest energy density at the similar ethanethiol removal performance compared with the other two plasma discharges. The main intermediate by-products of ethanethiol oxidation by plasma are CH₃CHO, HCHO, CO and CO₂. The sum of these intermediate products selectivities is 19?C43?%, implying that some other intermediates containing carbon were undetermined. When using PCD plasma combined with catalysts, ethanethiol removal rate and energy efficiency were all evidently improved. The maximum energy efficiency was achieved about 200?g kWh^?1 using Fe?CMn/?èCAl₂O₃ assisted PCD plasma, which was about 4.4 times when using PCD plasma alone. The mechanism of ethanethiol oxidation is also discussed.     

Evaluation of Energy Utilization Efficiencies for SO2 and NO Removal by Pulsed Corona Discharge Process

Pulsed corona discharge process was applied to the removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from simulated flue gas. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulse generation circuit and the energy utilization efficiencies for SO ₂ and NO removal are evaluated and discussed. When the pulse-forming capacitance was five times larger than the geometric capacitance of the reactor, the energy utilization efficiency was maximized, and the energy requirements for NO and SO ₂ removal could be lowered. With regard to radical utilization efficiency, producing small amounts of radicals frequently was found to be more advantageous than producing large amounts of radicals less frequently. Removal efficiency of SO ₂ increased with the applied peak voltage, but the energy utilization efficiency was nearly independent of the peak voltage when the peak field intensity was high enough to induce corona discharge (above 10 kV cm ^–1 in this system).     

Effect of Reactor Structure in DBD for Nonthermal Plasma Processing of NO in N2 at Ambient Temperature

In order to improve dielectric barrier discharge reactor structure, an experimental study was carried out into its effect on nitric oxide (NO) removal. Different structures were distinguished by electrode connection, diameter, material and shape of inner electrode, and dielectric material, respectively. The results show that breakdown voltage is lower when a high voltage is applied to the outer electrode in the coaxial reactor; NO removal efficiency decreases with a smaller inner electrode diameter and increases when tungsten is used as the inner electrode material rather than copper or stainless steel. When the inner electrode is screw shaped, it improves the discharge power and NO removal efficiency. A similar higher NO removal efficiency is found when corundum is used as the dielectric material instead of ceramic or quartz. Therefore, these findings should become the basis for modifications to the electrode structure in order to improve NO removal efficiency.     

Simultaneous removal of NO and SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in a plasma reactor packed with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated glass beads

We analyzed the dielectric pellet bed discharge-photocatalyst hybrid process for NO and SO₂ removal. A cylindrical-wire type discharge reactor was packed with glass beads as dielectric pellets and the plasmas were generated by dielectric pellet bed discharge. The TiO₂ photocatalysts were coated onto the glass beads by the dip-coating method and were activated by the light from discharge. Experiments were carried out for three cases: NO removal only, SO₂ removal only, and simultaneous NO and SO₂ removal. As the voltage applied to the plasma reactor increased, or as the residence time increased, the NO and SO₂ removal efficiencies increased. With increasing initial NO and SO₂ concentrations, the NO and SO₂ removal efficiencies decrease. The removal efficiencies for simultaneous NO and SO₂ removal are lower than those for NO only or SO₂ only.     

Diagnosis of OH Radical by Optical Emission Spectroscopy in Atmospheric Pressure Unsaturated Humid Air Corona Discharge and its Implication to Desulphurization of Flue Gas

OH radical in the corona discharge with pipe–nozzle–plate electrode has been diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy. Spatial variations of OH radical emission in discharge gap have been measured. Relative intensity of OH radical emission spectroscopy increases with increasing water vapor flux injected into the reactor or intensity of electric field supported. In positive pulsed corona discharge, relative intensity is higher than that in positive DC corona discharge and lower than that in negative DC corona discharge. Strongest intensity of OH radical spectrum appears within the range of 5 mm near the discharge nozzle- electrode. In addition, it is proved that the efficiency of desulphurization from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge plasma processes can be improved when OH radical is produced in the reactor.