类固醇兴奋剂分析方法的研究进展

蛋白同化雄性类固醇是一类滥用最为普遍的兴奋剂物质,对其进行有效的控制和检测关系到运动员的身心健康和体育比赛的公平公正。对类固醇兴奋剂分析方法的改进和发展是目前兴奋剂检测的重要任务。本文主要是对自2002年以来类固醇兴奋剂样品的预处理和检测手段的研究进展做一概述,包括气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、免疫法、电化学方法以及质谱法等。     

基因兴奋剂检测的现状与策略

本文综述了基因兴奋剂检测的现状和反基因兴奋剂的策略。归纳了可能被运动员滥用的基因兴奋剂,分析了由这些基因表达的促红细胞生成素(EPO)、人生长激素(hGH)等蛋白的检测进展,讨论了未来检测基因兴奋剂的可能策略。     

兴奋剂重组人促红细胞生成素及其类似物检测方法的研究进展

重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)是一种激素类兴奋剂,近年来被滥用在一些耐力性比赛项目中。由于重组与内源性EPO的氨基酸序列相同,区别很小,并且在尿样或血样中的浓度低,代谢快,给检测带来了很大的难度。本文从直接方法和间接方法两个方面综述了近几年来兴奋剂rhEPO及其类似物检测的研究进展,并结合本小组的工作展望了rhEPO检测的发展方向。     

头发中内源性类固醇激素的气相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了建康人头发中内源性类固醇兴奋剂睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。头发经碱水解后,以乙醚提取,经衍生化后采用GC-MS/MS的多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法的线性关系良好,检出限达0.1～0.2 pg/mg;提取回收率为74.6%～104.5%;日内测定的准确度为90.1%～113.7%,日内及日间测定的精密度均小于17.5%。应用所建立的方法测定了80例中国健康人头发中睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的生理水平,为内源性类固醇兴奋剂滥用的判断提供了方法和基础数据。     

美雄酮甲醇溶液标准物质的定值及不确定度评定

针对目前食品中兴奋剂类药物检测的需求,研制了美雄酮甲醇溶液国家级标准物质.通过对经筛选的市售原料纯品进行液相色谱-质谱和红外光谱定性分析后,研究利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对美雄酮蛋白同化类固醇类兴奋剂原料进行纯度定值.利用HPLC在245nm监测,以水(含0.1%HAc)+乙腈=50+50...     

基因兴奋剂检测方法研究进展

基因兴奋剂是指以非治疗目的而向运动员体内导入外源基因或细胞等物质,以不正当方法提高运动员成绩的物质或技术。目前随着基因治疗技术的发展,基因兴奋剂被用于竞技体育赛场的潜在问题受到越来越密切的关注,因此对基因兴奋剂检测方法的需求也愈发迫切。本文简要介绍了基因兴奋剂的潜在候选基因、导入途径与载体、基因兴奋剂的危害以及已有基因兴奋剂的检测方法,并对未来基因兴奋剂检测领域急需解决的关键问题进行了讨论。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉、鸡蛋、牛奶中9种食源性兴奋剂类药物残留

β-受体激动剂、β-阻断剂、蛋白同化制剂属于兴奋剂类药物,在动物饲养和屠宰过程中的违禁使用成为食源性兴奋剂类药物残留的来源,危害人类健康.目前 β-受体激动剂、蛋白同化制剂的检测较多,β-阻断剂检测报道较少,动物源食品中 β-阻断剂检测尚无标准方法.该文建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定猪肉、鸡蛋、牛奶中 β-受体激动...     

细胞内源性分子辅助荧光信号放大策略及细胞成像

细胞内原位信号放大策略是检测低丰度内源性目标物的有效手段, 但多数信号放大策略依赖于外源性辅助物, 不可避免地改变细胞内微环境, 进而对机体造成一定干扰. 针对此问题, 可利用细胞内源性物质(如金属离子、 核酸、 蛋白酶等)实现原位荧光信号放大, 对不同生物标志物进行荧光成像, 此方法对低丰度靶分子检测及成像具有重要意义. 本文对内源性物质辅助信号放大及细胞内荧光成像相关研究进行了归纳整理, 介绍了内源性核酸、 酶、 蛋白质、 三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和金属离子辅助信号放大策略, 并探讨了其信号放大机理; 总结了内源性物质辅助信号放大探针在低丰度物质检测及成像方面的研究进展; 最后展望了该策略在细胞成像方面的优势及应用前景.     

基因兴奋剂检测的现状与展望

生物技术在取得巨大成就的同时也导致了兴奋剂的发展。从体外重组蛋白到潜在的基因兴奋剂的出现,给兴奋剂检测工作带来了巨大的挑战。基因治疗的发展以及一些功能基因对运动技能提高的潜力,加大了基因兴奋剂使用的可能性。本文在介绍基因兴奋剂的基础上,阐述了基因兴奋剂检测方法的研究现状,展望了基因兴奋剂检测技术的发展策略。     

睾酮甲醇溶液标准物质的定值及不确定度评定

针对目前食品中兴奋剂类药物检测的需求,研制了睾酮甲醇溶液国家级标准物质。通过对经筛选的市售原料纯品进行液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)和红外光谱(IR)定性分析后,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对睾酮蛋白同化类固醇类兴奋剂原料进行纯度定值。利用HPLC在244nm监测,0.1%HAc-乙腈(50∶50,体积比)作为流动相进行等度洗脱,以Inertsil ODS-SP(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)进行分离,测得液相条件下睾酮固体的纯度为99.89%。为保证纯度测量的准确性,采用多家联合定值对睾酮的纯度进行检验。睾酮溶液标准物质经重量-重量法配制后,进行均匀性和稳定性实验,浓度赋值后进行不确定度评定。研制的睾酮溶液标准物质目前已被批准为国家二级标准物质并应用于实际检测。     

Possible human endogenous cryogens

Anapyrexia, which is a regulated fall in core temperature, is beneficial for animals and humans when the oxygen supply is limited, e.g., hypoxic, ischemic, or histotoxic hypoxia, since at low body temperature the tissues require less oxygen due to Q(10). Besides hypoxia, anapyrexia can be induced various exogenous and endogenous substances, named cryogens. However, there are only a few reports investigating endogenous cryogens in mammals. We have experienced one patient who suffered from severe hypothermia. The patient seemed to be excessively producing endogenous peptidergic cryogenic substances the molecular weight of which may be greater than 30 kDa. In animal studies, the patient's cryogen appeared to affect metabolic functions, including thermogenic threshold temperatures, and then to produce hypothermia. Since endogenous cryogenic substances may be regarded as useful tool in human activities, e.g., during brain hypothermia therapy or staying in a space station or spaceship, further studies may be needed to identify human endogenous cryogens.     

固相微萃取法和液液萃取K-D浓缩法对化妆品香气的分析

分别利用固相微萃取法和液液萃取K-D浓缩法对化妆品调理水中的香气提取物进行分析比较。用这两种方法从化妆品调理水中提取、鉴定出30个化合物,从固相微萃取法提取物中鉴定出23个化合物,液液萃取K-D浓缩法提取物中鉴定出16个化合物,其中相同的化合物有9个。结果表明,两种提取方法得到的香气成分有明显差异,其香气特征成分主要集中在固相微萃取法所富集部分,因此采用固相微萃取法能够快速、高效、全面地对香气的香型进行定性分析。     

固相微萃取―气相色谱―质谱联用方法分析人参中的挥发性物质

采用固相微萃取―气相色谱―质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)的方法测定了人参中的挥发性物质,并对萃取头类型、萃取温度、萃取时间进行了优化。结果表明,当采用100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的萃取头(非极性),80℃萃取30 min时,萃取效果最好。结果显示,人参中主要的挥发性物质为γ-榄香烯和β-古芸烯等。     

广东不同地区产柠檬的果肉中挥发性风味物质的比较

采用顶空固相微萃取―气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)的方法比较广东省内番禺产和连南产柠檬的果肉中挥发性风味物质的异同。实验采用7μmPDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)的萃取头进行吸附。气相色谱分析采用DB-5MS气相色谱柱,柱温采取程序升温,进样口温度250℃,分流比20∶1。质谱采用EI源为离子源,电子能量70 eV,离子源温度200℃;接口温度230℃。结果表明,番禺柠檬和连南柠檬果肉中的主要风味物质均为D-柠檬烯,但连南柠檬中风味物质的种类更多,这可能是连南柠檬香气更为浓郁的原因之一。     

Detection of recombinant growth hormone in human plasma by a 2‐D PAGE method

Human growth hormone (GH) has several central metabolic functions including bone growth in childhood, and its anabolic and lipolytic effects in particular are assumed reasons for the abuse of GH by athletes. Human endogenous GH consists of a main 22 kDa variant and several isoforms. In contrast, recombinant GH consists of only one variant being identical to the main endogenous isoform. The method presented here separates different isoforms by 2‐D PAGE after isolation of GH from plasma using an immunoaffinity purification system. While samples containing endogenous GH yield up to four isoforms, samples with recombinant GH contain the main 22 kDa spot only. Normalized spot volumes (NSV) are calculated after addition of an internal standard and a discrimination limit was determined at 0.52 for the NSV of the main 22 kDa spot. Above this value, samples containing endogenous GH show at least the main 22 kDa isoform and the 20 kDa splice variant. In contrast, samples with a NSV >0.52 and only one spot are suspicious to contain recombinant GH. This method detects discrete isoforms of GH from plasma and discriminates endogenous GH from its recombinant analog, which makes it useful for doping control purposes.     

Ring-opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Maleic Anhydride Catalyzed by Mononuclear [Zn（L）（H2O）] or Binuclear [Zn2（L）（OAc）2（H2O）] Complex Based on the Salen-type Schiff-base Ligand

From the self-assembly of the typical Salen-type Schiff-base ligand H2L and Zn(OAc)2·2H2O in the molar ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, the mononuclear [Zn(L)(H2O)](1) or binuclear [Zn2(L)(OAc)2(H2O)](2) are obtained, respectively. For both complexes 1 and 2, the unsaturated five-coordinate coordination environment to the catalytic active centers(Zn2+ ions) permits the monomer insertion for the effective solution copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and maleic anhydride. All the solution copolymerizations afford poly(ester-co-ether)s, while lower catalyst and co-catalyst concentrations are helpful for the formation of alternating polyester. Of the three co-catalysts, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine is found to be the most efficient, while an excess thereof is detrimental for chain growth of the copolymers.     

SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Active Site Ligands in the Human Metabolome

In late 2019, a global pandemic occurred. The causative agent was identified as a member of the Coronaviridae family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we present an analysis on the substances identified in the human metabolome capable of binding the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro). The substances present in the human metabolome have both endogenous and exogenous origins. The aim of this research was to find molecules whose biochemical and toxicological profile was known that could be the starting point for the development of antiviral therapies. Our analysis revealed numerous metabolites—including xenobiotics—that bind this protease, which are essential to the lifecycle of the virus. Among these substances, silybin, a flavolignan compound and the main active component of silymarin, is particularly noteworthy. Silymarin is a standardized extract of milk thistle, Silybum marianum, and has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antineoplastic, and antiviral activities. Our results—obtained in silico and in vitro—prove that silybin and silymarin, respectively, are able to inhibit M^pro, representing a possible food-derived natural compound that is useful as a therapeutic strategy against COVID-19.     

The issue of HPLC determination of endogenous lipoic acid in human plasma

Lipoic acid (LA) is used extensively as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various diseases. Many methods have been reported for the determination of LA plasma levels and its metabolites after its supplementation, but available information concerning endogenous plasma levels is still scarce. Studies which directly focused on determining the endogenous plasma levels provided highly controversial results, <4.9 nmol/L or 143.7–197.0 nmol/L. The main aim of this study was to verify the levels of free LA in the plasma of 40 individuals (17 women, 23 men). This group was nonsupplemented with LA and met the conditions for incorporation into the blood donors register. We measured the levels of LA using an HPLC method with very sensitive coulometric detection after previous sample preparation including deproteination and solid‐phase extraction with a Phenyl cartridge. Our limit of detection was 1.85 nmol/L and was better than the values reported in studies that directly focused on determining the endogenous plasma levels of LA: 2.4 and 4.9 nmol/L respectively. However, the levels of free LA in the plasma of nonsupplemented voluntary blood donors were not detectable in all cases. The presented results of our study show that endogenous concentrations of LA are <1.85 nmol/L.