双色流荧——基于氨气制备的鲁米诺双色荧光喷泉

基于氨气的制备、收集和尾气处理装置来设计溶液反应,利用氨气易溶于水导致瓶内外大气压瞬间失衡的性质实现喷泉实验。通过简单易行的操作,基于鲁米诺发光反应和无色酚酞溶液遇碱变色反应,成功实现了双色荧光喷泉实验。本实验的目的是普及基础化学中氨气的性质和鲁米诺遇血发出明亮的蓝光的特性,介绍鲁米诺发光的原理,让参观者解开悬疑侦探片中喷洒试剂就可以显示出肉眼不可见血迹的疑惑,切身感受化学之趣。     

利用注射器设计氨气喷泉实验

利用注射器对氨气的喷泉实验进行了小型化设计,可连续进行氨气的制取与收集、氨气的性质和喷泉等实验演示,能够多次重复实验而不需拆装仪器及清洗干燥。使制取氨气时生成气体的量更容易控制,实验过程更加简便易行,节省药品,降低污染。     

氨气制备和性质的微型组合实验

利用微型气体实验仪设计了氨气的制备和性质的微型组合实验装置,依次探究了氨气的制备、收集、检验和氨气还原氧化铜、氨气的喷泉实验等,观察到了氨气还原氧化铜的实验现象。具有操作简便,现象明显,安全环保等特点。     

氨气喷泉实验的一体化设计

改进了氨气的喷泉实验装置设计,优化了试剂用量,将氨气生成与喷泉实验融为一体,使其操作简单,实验成功率高,而且能在3 min内完成。     

快捷连续通用的音乐喷泉实验装置

正1实验装置介绍与优点1.1装置介绍利用固体与液体在不加热的情况下反应制取气体,将制取气体与喷泉实验相结合,设计了快捷、连续、通用的音乐喷泉装置,如图1所示。左边的烧瓶与分液漏斗组合为气体发生装置;倒置的漏斗用来吸收尾气,防止污染空气,同时,喷泉实验结     

用压力传感器研究"倒吸和喷泉"的实验

用压力传感器对"倒吸和喷泉"实验进行研究,探究氨气、氯气尾气吸收中溶液倒吸因为及二氧化碳"喷泉"溶液不能充满烧瓶的因为.     

喷泉实验的理论分析与实验研究

分别将氨气、氯化氢、二氧化硫的制备、收集和性质实验组合设计,形成各自的半封闭装置。对影响喷泉实验的重要因素——露出水面的玻璃管长和挤压量在理论分析的基础上进行了实验研究。结果表明,受气压、温度、装置、操作过程和课堂演示时间等诸多因素的影响和限制,实验结果和理论分析相差较大。综合考虑课堂教学进程与观察实验过程,将形成喷泉的时间控制在10~50s之内,当h=50cm或60cm时,氨气或氯化氢的实际挤压量大约是理论挤压量的10倍,当h=40cm时,氨气或氯化氢的实际挤压量大约是理论挤压量的6倍,二氧化硫的实际挤压量是理论挤压量的17倍,后者实验效果并不理想,需挤压10%氢氧化钠溶液才能使喷泉迅速发生。     

灯塔模拟实验

在中学化学实验中,喷泉实验具有很重要的地位,其现象明显,效果显著,能够较好地激发学生对化学世界的感知和学习兴趣。近年来,对此实验改进的研究有很多,但多数实验现象单一,缺少新理论知识的应用。为弥补其在趣味性和前沿性上存在的欠缺,以氨气喷泉实验的应用为基础,结合碘钟振荡反应设计了模拟灯塔的实验,效果良好。实验设备简单,操作简便、安全,并实现了半自动化,具有很强的趣味性。基于此,模拟灯塔实验既可作为课堂演示实验,又可作为用于观赏的趣味实验。     

氨的喷泉实验创新设计

"氨的喷泉实验"是一个有力证明氨气在常温下极易溶于水且兼有证明其水溶液显碱性的精彩实验.它新奇、有趣.每当出现美丽的喷泉现象时,学生总是好奇、惊羡,它极大地调动了学生的学习兴趣,从而唤起探求新知识的欲望.     

分液漏斗在高中化学实验创新中的妙用

氨气的喷泉实验,按照传统的方法来做,不仅操作过程繁琐,而且最后实验往往由于氨气吸潮而导致失败。为此笔者利用分液漏斗设计出一种仪器简单、操作简便、成功率高且无污染的实验方法,大大缩短了实验时间,有效的提高了课堂教学效率。     

Determination of NH(3) in pyrolysis gases by ammonia selective electrode

The suitability of ion-selective electrode for the determination of ammonia in pyrolysis gases of fossil fuels was studied. The ammonia was absorbed into acidic solution and two kinds of determination methods were carried out. The ammonia was either measured directly from the acid solution, or ammonia was first released into the gas phase and then determined (air gap method) by the ammonia selective electrode. The electrode functioned well in both cases, but the linear calibration range was rather narrow, slightly more than one tenfold. The quantitative detection limit in the water phase was 5 x 10(-6)M (0.085 ppm) NH(3) and in gas phase operation solutions above 5 x 10(-4)M (8.5 ppm) NH(3) it was possible to measure quantitatively. The applications were carried out with Finnish energy peat samples and a coal sample.     

On the reactivity of surface methoxy species in acidic zeolites

The in situ preparation and isolation of surface methoxy species on acidic zeolites are followed by further investigations of their reactivity in heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. For the first time, the following solid-state NMR evidence for the high reactivity of surface methoxy species has been obtained: (i) Surface methoxy species react readily with ammonia on acidic zeolites at room temperature, by which methylamines and methylammonium cations are formed. (ii) The transformation of surface methoxy species to other alkoxy species can be achieved by the reaction of surface methoxy species and corresponding alkyl halides on acidic zeolites. (iii) Surface methoxy species react readily with hydrochloride, giving methyl chloride as the sole product. (iv) The classic Koch carbonylation reaction and Ritter reaction in solution can be performed with surface methoxy species on acidic zeolites. (v) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced by the oxidation of surface methoxy species in the presence of oxygen. The stability and reactivity of surface methoxy species are discussed in comparison with other surface alkoxy species (> C(1) species).     

Determination of ammonia in untreated serum with a fiber-optic ammonia gas ensor

A fluorescence-type fiber-optic ammonia gas sensor has been developed for the determination of ammonia in untreated serum. An internal solution has been designed to provide both the selectivity and limit of detection required for this measurement. Selectivity over carbon dioxide is accomplished by adjusting the level of ammonium chloride in the internal solution. A sub-micromolar detection limit is obtained by using a combination of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein and 5-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein as the indicator dyes. The limit of detection for the resulting sensor is 0.09 μM and response times range from 2 to 6 min. When applied to the determination of ammonia in eighteen untreated serum samples, the results from the sensor compare favorably with those from the conventional glutamate dehydrogenase assay.     

Ammonia as a carrier gas for acidic-basic chromatography

The influence of ammonia as a basic carrier gas on the retention of acidic and basic solutes was experimentally studied. Use of the basic carrier gas (ammonia) leads to an increase in retention of acidic solutes. A simplified theory on the influence of carrier gas basicity influence on the retention of acidic and basic solutes was developed. Contact of an inert gas with ammonia water at ambient temperature can be used to obtain basic humid carrier gas and to improve the chromatographic characteristics of amine's zones.     

纳米TiO2薄膜耦合光催化氧化还原反应脱除水中无机氮

由溶胶-凝胶法制备了固定化二氧化钛薄膜,研究了薄膜催化剂光催化脱除含氨氮-亚硝酸氮混合液中无机氮的活性.考察了溶胶制备工艺、催化反应条件(尤其pH)对光催化活性的影响.实验证明:酸性条件有利于亚硝酸氮的还原,碱性条件有利于氨氮的氧化,通过调节pH可以获得光催化氧化氨氮和还原亚硝酸氮耦合效果.如果加入甲酸维持酸性务件,反应0.5 h后再将pH调回碱性,可以大大提高光催化脱氮的效果:经过2 h的光催化反应,二氧化钛膜催化总氮去除率可达50%以上.经多次试验证明附载二氧化钛薄膜不脱落,光催化活性未见减弱,可重复利用.提出了光催化脱氮的反应机理.     

二芳基汞的合成

将氯化重氮苯的溶液加入氯化汞、维生素C、丙酮和少量氯化铜的混合物中,得到80％的氯化苯汞;如在反应混合物中补加维生素C、氯化铜和浓氨水,则得到二苯汞。用同样的方法制备了其他的二芳基汞,并讨论了反应可能的机理。     

Synthesis of polypyrrole films for the development of ammonia sensor

In the present investigation, we have synthesized a polypyrrole films by chemical polymerization technique for the development of ammonia sensor. The polypyrrole films were synthesized in an aqueous acidic medium on glass substrate with mild oxidation of ferric chloride at temperature 29°C. The concentrations (molar) of monomer (pyrrole), oxidant (ferric chloride), and dopant (polyvinyl sulfonate) have been optimized for the uniform and porous surface morphology of the synthesized polypyrrole film. The synthesized films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Ammonia gas sensing behavior of polypyrrole films was studied by using indigenously developed gas sensing chamber. The synthesized polypyrrole film with optimized process parameters shows excellent and reproducible response to low concentration (100 ppm) of ammonia gas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinetics of SO2 removal from flue gas by electron beam technique

Laboratory scale experiments were carried out in order to get more information about the oxidation of SO₂ by OH radicals (homogeneous reaction) and the oxidation of SO₂ at aerosol surfaces (heterogeneous reaction). For the experiment of homogeneous reaction, SO₂ was added to synthetic flue gas without initial NO and without ammonia and the mixture was irradiated with electron beam. The SO₂ removal was measured as a function of temperature and water vapour concentration at constant dose. For the experiment of heterogeneous reaction, SO₂ was added to nucleating sulfuric acid aerosol. No SO₂ removal was observed in this case. So, it can be concluded that the heterogeneous oxidation of SO₂ is negligible in the absence of ammonia. Therefore, the oxidation of SO₂ must be interpreted merely by homogeneous gas phase chemistry. The gas phase kinetics are derived from comparison of experimental results and computer modelling.     

Ultralong Phosphorescence from Organic Ionic Crystals under Ambient Conditions

A new type of materials, organic salts in the crystal state, have ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) under ambient conditions. The change of cations (NH₄⁺, Na⁺, or K⁺) in these phosphors gives access to tunable UOP colors ranging from sky blue to yellow green, along with ultralong emission lifetimes of over 504 ms. Single‐crystal analysis reveals that unique ionic bonding can promote an ordered arrangement of organic salts in crystal state, which then can facilitate molecular aggregation for UOP generation. Additionally, reversible ultralong phosphorescence can be realized through the alternative employment of fuming gases (ammonia and hydrogen chloride), demonstrating its potential as a candidate for visual ammonic or hydrogen chloride gas sensing. The results provide an environmental responsible and practicable synthetic approach to expanding the scope of ultralong organic phosphorescent materials as well as their applications.