湿法电解含金萃取有机相制备金的研究

提出了一种在湿法冶金同时电解载金属有机相制备金属的新方法.并通过电解磷酸三丁酯(TBP)萃取Au(CN)₂^--R₄N⁺的载金有机相制金.考察了电解技术条件、Au浓度、电解质浓度及还原剂等因素对Au回收率的影响.结果表明,此方法不仅可省去冗长的反萃和还原等步骤,而且可以直接以高回收率制备高纯度的金箔;在电解液中加入少量还原剂可明显提高金的回收率.该法也适用于制备银和铜,制备银时所用体系与金相似,但制备铜则在D₂EHPA-正庚烷为载铜有机相及电解质的酸性溶液为水相的体系中进行.     

三丁基氧化膦-离子液体体系萃取UO2(NO3)2的机理和选择性

研究了三辛基氧化膦(TOPO)和三丁基氧化膦(TBPO)在离子液体(ILs) 1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐(C_nmimNTf₂, n=2, 4, 6, 8)中萃取分离UO₂(NO₃)₂. TOPO-C₂mimNTf₂和TOPO-C₄mimNTf₂体系萃取UO₂(NO₃)₂时会出现三相, 而TBPO萃取UO₂(NO₃)₂的萃合物可以很好地溶解在所有离子液体中. 论文也考察了萃取过程中的萃取剂浓度效应、酸效应、盐效应. 水相加入HNO₃会降低萃取效率. 盐效应证明了萃取是一种阳离子交换机理. 水相中加入NO₃^-能够提高U的萃取, 这说明NO₃^-参与萃取. 选择性研究表明: 除了在高酸度下对Zr 的显著萃取, TBPO-C₄mimNTf₂萃取体系在低酸度下对U呈现较好的选择性; 去除U后, 在低酸度下该体系对三价Nd 仍保持较好的选择性. 通过定量比较离子液体中NO₃^-进入量, 电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和紫外光谱表征确定了TBPO-C_nmimNTf₂中萃取机理的差异性. 萃取中存在两种萃合物, 即UO₂(TBPO)₃(NO₃)⁺和UO₂(TBPO)₃²⁺, 其中UO₂(TBPO)₃(NO₃)⁺的比例从C₂mimNTf₂体系到C₈mimNTf₂体系逐渐增加.     

N1923从碱性氰化液中萃取金(Ⅰ)的研究

采用放射性同位素198Au示踪法研究了伯胺N1923和TBP从碱性氰化液中萃取金(Ⅰ),考察了酸化率、水相pH值、萃取剂浓度等对萃取率的影响,以及NaOH对载金有机相的反萃作用。结果表明,TBP含量大于20％,酸化的N1923与KAu(CN)2摩尔比值在11时,金能够完全被萃取。载金有机相可采用0.1mol·L-1的NaOH溶液定量反萃。机理研究表明,伯胺和TBP萃取Au(CN)2-,符合BC类协同萃取机理。当金浓度大于10g·L-1时,在萃取有机相中形成纳米级的聚集体。     

一种新的氰亚金酸根离子选择电极装置的研究

以十六烷基三辛基氰亚金酸铵作离子交换剂制备了PVC敏感膜,并用铂丝插入0.01MKAu(CN)₂-0.01MK₃Fe(CN)₆-0.01MK₄Fe(CN)₆溶液中作内参比体系,制成Au(CN)₂^-离子选择电极,测试了电极的各种主要性能,还测试了对十七种阴离子的电位选择性系数,并对其规律进行了讨论。     

铬(Ⅵ)-邻菲咯啉-亚硝酸钠的氨性缓冲体系中极谱催化波机理的研究

本文报道了Cr(Ⅵ)-C₁₂H₈N₂-NaNO₂^-NH₃-NH₄Cl(pH9.4)体系极谱催化波机制的研究.阐明它不是氢催化波.而是Cr(Ⅲ)的多元配合物中NO₂^-被催化还原,同时溶液中的NO₂^-又参与了平行电极反应的催化反应.活性多元配合物的组成为:Cr(Ⅲ)·(C₁₂H₈N₂)·(NO₂^-)₂·(NH₃).     

萃取有机相的微结构和性质的研究

本文用FTIR, 荧光, ICP/AES等方法研究了含稀土的HDEHP[二(2-乙基己基)磷酸, HA]-正庚烷的萃取有机相的结构和聚集态。结果表明: (1)不同稀土离子与萃取剂的配位能力不一样, La相似文献   

N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二辛基-4-氧庚二酰胺萃取镧的研究

为了研究不同的酰胺夹醚化合物对萃取镧的性能，本文使用N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二辛基-4-氧庚二酰胺(DMDOOHA)为萃取剂，以1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体([C₄mim⁺][PF₆^-])为稀释剂，研究其在水相中萃取La³⁺的行为，考察了萃取时间，pH,萃取剂的的浓度、及温度对萃取分配比的影响。实验表明，萃取剂在离子液体[C₄mim⁺][PF₆^-]中对La³⁺的具有强烈的萃取能力。机理研究表明，在([C₄mim⁺][PF₆^-]体系中，萃取剂与La³⁺可能形成3∶1配合物。萃取过程为热力学自发的过程。     

稀土与酸性萃取剂形成的溶液聚集态结构

用Fourier变换红外光谱(FT—IR)和光子相关光谱(PCS)研究了皂化的有机磷酸酯类萃取剂和环烷酸萃取剂在正庚烷或正庚烷与2-辛醇的混合溶剂中所形成的聚集物,以及萃取稀土元素后有机相聚集物的变化.结果表明,有机磷酸酯在正庚烷中皂化后形成反向胶团((?)_h<5.0nm),其平均流体力学半径与萃取剂分子的长度相当;2-辛醇的加入可增大反向胶团的粒径.环烷酸皂化后能在混合溶剂中形成W/O型微乳状液(5.0 nm<(?)_h<100 nm).皂化萃取剂萃取稀土元素后,有机相中形成不稳定的聚集物,继而产生聚凝.讨论了聚凝过程的可能机理.     

萃取法去除硫酸氧钛液中杂质铁

采用溶剂萃取法有效去除了钛白粉制备过程中的中间产物硫酸氧钛液中大量的杂质铁。 将硫酸氧钛液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+后,用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和煤油混合体系萃取除去Fe3+。 考察了氧化剂、稀释剂、有机相中TBP体积分数、萃取相比、NaCl加入量等对铁萃取率的影响以及反萃条件的选择和萃取剂的循环使用效果,结果表明,用煤油作稀释剂,TBP在有机相的体积分数为60%,萃取相比O/W为2∶1时,NaCl加入量以Cl-计4 mol/L,Fe3+的3次萃取率可达99%,钛的损失率低至0.4%。当反萃相比W/O为1∶1时,Fe3+的3次反萃率可达100%。TBP经过5次萃取-反萃循环使用后,对Fe3+的萃取率无明显下降,可循环使用。     

六氯苯在水相、冰相和有机相中的光化学转化

以低压汞灯为光源研究了六氯苯(HCB)在水相、 冰相和有机溶剂中光转化的动力学过程, 分析了反应产物, 探讨了反应机理, 考察了H₂O₂, NO₂^-, Fe²⁺对水相/冰相中HCB光转化的影响. 结果表明, 在低压汞灯照射下, HCB在3个体系中的光转化速率大小为有机相>水相>冰相; H₂O₂ 促进水相中HCB的光转化而抑制冰相中HCB的光转化; NO₂^-对HCB在水相/冰相中的光化学转化均起抑制作用; Fe²⁺对水相中HCB的光转化有促进作用, 而对其在冰相中的光转化无影响; 六氯苯在3个体系中光转化的机理均为逐级脱氯过程.     

Investigation on the Extraction Mechanism of Au（I） from Cyanide Solution with Quaternary Ammonium System

During the past decades, there has been a renewed interest in the application of solvent extraction to the recovery of Au (I) from cyanide solutions1,2. Among those various extractants, the amine extractants with the addition of organic phosphorus oxide as cosolvent have been widely investigated3,4. Various diluents and modifiers have been selected to optimize the extraction system so as to increase the loading capacity, improve the selectivity and/or reduce emulsification5. Quaternary amm…     

Extraction de l'acide silicomolybdique par le nitrate de triisooctylamine en milieu dichloro-1,2-ethane Nature des équilibres and application analytique

-Molybdosilicic acid () in aqueous solution is extracted by triisooctylamine nitrate (R₃NHNO₃) in dichloro-l,2-ethane (S) according to an equilibrium which involves the dissociation of the extracted species in the organic phase: _aq+4(R₃NHNO₃)_s [(R₃NH)₃]_s^-+(R₃NH)_s⁺+4(N0₃^-)_aq+xH⁺ Extraction allows separation of from the excess of molybdenum necessary for its quantitative formation from silicate and molybdate. The direct spectrophotometric determination of the heteropolyacid in the organic phase is simple and sensitive ( =28000 1 cm^-1 mole^-1 at 300 nm).

Zusammenfassung

-Molybdatokieselsäure () in wässriger Lösung wird durch Triisooctylaminnitrat (R₃NHNO₃) in 1,2-Dichlorän (S) entsprechend einem Gleichgewicht extrahiert, in dem die Dissoziation der extrahierten Spezies in der organischen Phase enthalten ist: _aq+4(R₃NHNO₃)_s [(R₃NH)₃]_s^-+(R₃NH)_s⁺+4(N0₃^-)_aq+_xH⁺ Die Extraktion erlaubt die Trennung von vom Molybdän-Überschuss, der für die quantitative Bildung von aus Silicat und Molybdat notwendig ist. Die direkte spektrophotometrische Bestimmung der Heteropolysäure in der organischen Phase ist einfach und empfindlich ( = 28000 l cm^-1 mol^-1 bei 300 nm).     

PMBP与中性磷萃取剂对铽(Ⅲ)的协同萃取

本文研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)与丁基膦酸二丁酯(DBBP)或磷酸三丁酯(TBP)的氯苯溶液在硝酸介质中对铽(Ⅲ)的协同萃取。测得了萃合物的组成及其萃取平衡常数,讨论了萃合物的可能结构式及协同萃取机理。     

Studies on Organo-Phosphorus, -Arsenic and -Antimony Polytungstates and Polymolybdates (Ⅶ)——Preparation and Properties of p-Aminophenylarsenic Polymolybdates

In order to investigate the influence of organic groups on the types of organoarsenic polymolybdates, the reations of p-aminophenylarsonic acid with sodium molybdate were tested at pH=3-5. Six salts were prepared and characterized. (1) (CN3H8)4 [(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · H2O, (2) (CN3H6)4 [(p-, NH3C6H4As )2Mo6O25 ] · 6H20, (3) Cs4 [(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 4H2O, (4) C(CH3)4N]4[(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 5H2O, (5) [(n-C4H9)4N]3Na[(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 2H2O, (6) Ba2 NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 10H2O. The IR, UV spectra, and electrochemical behavior are reported and discussed. They should belong to the same type as that for phenyl derivative or the nitrophenyl derivatives. But the ammo groups can accept protons, so that the anion' s charge decreases. Very similar to the tungsten congener (CN3H6)4[(p-NH3C,H4As)2W6O25] · 4H2O, [(RAs)2Mo6O25]4- type of complexes are formed.     

One-dimensional infinite chain crown ether complex:Synthesis and crystal structure of[Na(18C6)]2[Cu(mnt)2]·H2O

One-dimensional coordination polymers have attracted considerable interest in recent years because of the prospect of electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Crown ether can form one-dimensional infinite chain structure with transition metal complex. We synthesized the complexes of 18-crown-6 with Na₂[m{S₂C₂(CN)₂}₂](m=Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt; S₂C₂(CN)₂^2- mnt) and now report the structure of complex[Na(18C6)]₂[Cu(mnt)₂]·H₂O.     

How bridging ligands and neighbouring groups tune the gold-gold bond strength

Gold-gold interactions in small polynuclear complexes are analysed using extended Hückel calculations. They are influenced by the nature of the ligand donor atoms, by the bridging ligands, but most by the formal oxidation state of the metal. Au---Au bonds are much stronger in complexes of Au(II) and Au(III), but a weak interaction between two d¹⁰ centres exists for Au(I) complexes, owing to mixing of the s and p orbitals with the d orbitals. Phosphines induce stronger metal-metal bonds when coordinated trans to the Au---Au bond in [Au(II)[(CH₂)₂PPh₂]L]₂ (Ph = phenyl), but have the opposite effect when bonded orthogonally to the metal-metal axis in Au(I) binuclear species. When two gold atoms are bridged by a single carbon atom, belonging either to mesityl (Mes = 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂) or CR₂, the former produces stronger Au(I)---Au(I) interactions, reflected in shorter distances. Formal oxidation states are proposed for the gold atoms in two mixed-valence clusters, [Au4(C₆F₅)₂((PPh₃)_{2CH})2(PPh3)2](ClO4)2 and [{(2,4,6-C6F3H2)Au(CH2PPh2CH2)2Au{in2}-Au(CH₂PPh₂CH₂)₂Au](ClO₄)₂. The results suggest a higher oxidation state for the outer gold atoms, in both the T-shaped tetranuclear cluster and the Au₆ linear chain.     

Are excimers formed along with hydrated electrons in the UV excitation of cyanocuprate(I) ions in aqueous solution?

The three cyanocuprate(I) complexes, Cu(CN)₂⁻, Cu(CN)₃²⁻, and Cu(CN)₄³⁻, photoeject electrons with high efficiency when excited in aqueous solution by 266 nm laser pulses of 7 ns duration with quantum yields of 0.37±0.06, 0.224±0.021, and 0.240±0.005, for Cu(CN)₂⁻ (at 2 M ionic strength), Cu(CN)₃²⁻, and Cu(CN)₄³⁻ (both measured at 1 M ionic strength). Along with hydrated electrons, two transient intermediates, absorbing at 460 and 340 nm, respectively, form consecutively after excitation through bimolecular reactions with ground-state Cu(I) in solutions of Cu(CN)₂⁻, and Cu(CN)₃²⁻, but not in Cu(CN)₄³⁻. All photoprocesses are essentially monophotonic. A mechanism is proposed that suggests the formation of a dinuclear excited-state complex such as an excimer.     

Four Coordination Polymers Assembled with a New Biscarboxyl-functionalized Schiff Base Ligand

Based on a new biscarboxyl-functionalized Schiff base ligand 1,2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N'-bis[3-methoxyl-5-(p-carboxyl-phenylazo)] salicylidene(H₄L), four polymers,[(CH₃)₂NH₂]₂·[Mn₃(L)₂(H₂O)₄]·2DMF(CP1),[Fe₂(L)(H₂O)(DMF)](CP2),[(CH₃)₂NH₂]·[Cu(HL)]·H₂O(CP3) and[Ni₂(L)(teta)]·2DMF·H₂O(CP4), have been synthesized(teta=5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). In CP1, both of the internal[N₂O₂] pocket and the external carboxylate groups of L^4- anion are ligated by Mn²⁺ ions, and the structure displays a layer. In CP2, the Fe²⁺ cations are linked by L^4- anions to form a binuclear double chain. CP3 displays a[Cu₂(HL)₂] dimer. In CP4, the Ni²⁺ ions are connected by L^4- anions to form a chain. The structures are further linked by hydrogen bonds to form 2D or 3D supramolecular architectures, respectively. CP1 exhibits adsorption ability to three organic dyes.     

Studies on the Halogen Substituted β-Amino Acids and Their Cu(Ⅱ) Coordination Complexes in Crystallography

Halogen substituted β-amino acids, D,L-3-amino-3-(4-fluoro)phenylpropionic acid(D,L-HL1, 1) and D,L-3-amino-3-(4-bromo)phenylpropionic acid(D,L-HL2, 2), as well as their Cu(Ⅱ) coordination complexes[Cu(L1)₂(CH₃OH)₂]·2CH₃OH(3) and[Cu(L2)₂(CH₃OH)₂]·2CH₃OH(4) were investigated and their single crystal structures were discussed in details. Supramolecular helical chains were found in β-amino acids 1 and 2 while there was no helix in their coordination complexes 3 and 4. The formation of supramolecular helixes could be due to the hydrogen bonds between terminal-NH³⁺ and adjacent-COO^- in β-amino acids 1 and 2. While, this kind of hydrogen bonds could not be observed in their Cu(Ⅱ) coordination complexes 3 and 4, in which central-symmetrical dimers could be formed via coplanar coordinated bonds(N-Cu-O) between-NH₂ and-COO^-.