含噻吩和吡啶基的插烯式四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成、结构和电化学性质

在亚磷酸三乙酯催化作用下,2,3-二(2-吡啶硫基)-1,3-二硫环戊烯-2-硫酮(1)分别与2-噻吩甲醛(2a)和3-噻吩甲醛(2b)发生成烯偶联反应,生成二硫富瓦烯化合物[2-(2-噻吩)亚基-1,3-二硫环戊烯-4,5-二硫基]双邻吡啶(3a)和[2-(3-噻吩)亚基-1,3-二硫环戊烯-4,5-二硫基]双邻吡啶(3b);含噻吩和吡啶基的二硫富瓦烯化合物3a和3b分别经过单质碘诱导氧化偶联反应和硫代亚硫酸钠还原反应,得到含噻吩和吡啶基的插烯式四硫富瓦烯化合物1,2-双(4,5-二邻吡啶硫代-1,3-二硫环戊烯-2-亚基)-1,2-双(2-噻吩基)乙烷(4a)和1,2-双(4,5-二邻吡啶硫代-1,3-二硫环戊烯-2-亚基)-1,2-双(3-噻吩基)乙烷(4b).利用核磁共振波谱(NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和质谱(MS)方法对插烯式四硫富瓦烯衍生物(4a和4b)分别进行了表征,同时采用X射线单晶衍射法分析确证了化合物3a,3b,4a和4b的晶体结构.循环伏安法研究结果表明,化合物4a和4b呈现准可逆的两电子转移行为.结合量子化学理论计算,探讨了噻吩基的位置差异对化合物4a和4b电化学电位的影响.     

两亲性四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成及其性质研究

二-(1,3-二硫环戊烯-2-硫酮-4,5-二硫)合锌酸四乙基铵盐(Zincate盐)分别与溴代十四烷和溴代十八烷在乙腈中回流,合成相应的1,3-二硫环戊烯-2-硫酮2a和2b.以亚磷酸三乙酯为偶联剂,其分别和4,5-二氰基乙硫基-1,3-二硫环戊烯-2-酮(3)发生交叉偶合反应合成四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物4a和4b.在氢氧化铯的存在下,4a和4b分别与2-碘乙氧基乙醇反应生成含羟基的四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物5a和5b.以三乙胺为缚酸剂,其与对甲基苯磺酰氯反应,生成含活化羟基的TTF衍生物6a和6b.在氢氧化钠的存在下,6a和6b分别与巯基噻二唑反应生成含有疏水长链烷烃和亲水醚键连接的噻二唑两亲性TTF衍生物7a～7d,并对其进行了1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,MS的表征以及初步电化学行为和Langrnuir-Blodgett膜性能研究.     

新型非对称四硫富瓦烯环状冠醚衍生物的合成及其对碱金属离子的响应性能

在Cs OH的CH3OH/DMF溶液中,4,5-二(氰乙硫基)乙二硫撑四硫富瓦烯(1a),4,5-二(氰乙硫基)甲基乙二硫撑四硫富瓦烯(1b),4,5-二(氰乙硫基)丙二硫撑四硫富瓦烯(1c)和4,5-二(氰乙硫基)苯基四硫富瓦烯(2)分别与五(乙二醇醚)二-对甲苯磺酸盐经偶联反应合成了4个新型的非对称四硫富瓦烯环状冠醚衍生物(3a~3c和4),其结构经1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析表征。用循环伏安法研究了3a~3c和4对碱金属离子(Na+,Li+,K+和Rb+)的响应性能。结果表明:2,3-二硫-(3',6',9',12'-四氧冠醚)-6,7-丙二硫代四硫富瓦烯(3c)和2,3-二硫-(3',6',9',12'-四氧冠醚)-6,7-苯基四硫富瓦烯(4)对Na+响应较明显,其△E1/21分别为30 m V和45 m V。     

非对称双稠合四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成与表征

采用W itting偶合反应合成了两种非对称双稠合四硫富瓦烯衍生物:2-(4,′5′-二乙硫基-1,′3′-二硫代环戊烯-2′-叉)-5-(4,′5′-二腈乙硫基-1,′3′-二硫代环戊烯-2′-叉)-1,3,4,6-四硫并环戊烯(7a)和2-(4,′5′-二丁硫基-1,′3′-二硫代环戊烯-2′-叉)-5-(4,′5′-二腈乙硫基-1,′3′-二硫代环戊烯-2′-叉)-1,3,4,6-四硫并环戊烯(7b)。7a在室温下呈现半导体状态(σ=2.17×10-7s.cm-1),而7b是绝缘体。通过UV-vis,1H NMR,IR和元素分析对产物及中间产物的结构进行了鉴定及讨论,从而验证了合成路线的可行性。     

TTF单元与苯单元构建的新型TTF环蕃的合成和性质

以4,5-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮为原料经甲醇钠消除一个氰乙基生成4-(2'-氰乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮的单钠盐, 生成的单钠盐再与1,4-二(氯甲基)苯反应生成4,4'-二(2-氰乙基硫基)-5,5'-(1,4-二亚甲基苯)-二(1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮). 接着在乙酸汞的作用下生成4,4'-二(2-氰乙基硫基)-5,5'-(1,4-二亚甲基苯)-二(1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-酮), 此化合物在亚磷酸三乙酯的作用下发生偶联反应, 生成由TTF单元和苯单元构建的新型四硫富瓦烯环蕃和另一种四硫富瓦烯衍生物. 并分别通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法对它们及其导电复合物的电化学性质和紫外光谱进行了研究. 还研究了这种新型四硫富瓦烯环蕃在金纳米颗粒表面自组装行为.     

新型I型五聚四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成和性质

利用2,3-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-6,7-二烷硫基四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除一个保护基团生成四硫富瓦烯单钠盐,与1,4-二(氯甲基)苯反应,形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物,生成的单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物再次在甲醇钠的作用下消除剩下的保护基团,形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物二钠盐,最后与四(3'-碘丙硫基)四硫富瓦烯反应形成新型I型五聚TTF衍生物,并通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法分别对其氧化还原性质和紫外光谱进行了研究.     

新型I型五聚四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成和性质

利用2,3-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-6,7-二烷硫基四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除一个保护基团生成四硫富瓦烯单钠盐,与1,4-二(氯甲基)苯反应, 形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物, 生成的单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物再次在甲醇钠的作用下消除剩下的保护基团, 形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物二钠盐, 最后与四(3'-碘丙硫基)四硫富瓦烯反应形成新型I型五聚TTF衍生物, 并通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法分别对其氧化还原性质和紫外光谱进行了研究.     

含四硫富瓦烯-吡啶结构环蕃的合成及其在离子液中的性质

在甲醇钠的作用下,2分子的2,3-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-6,7-二丁硫基四硫富瓦与2分子的2,6-二(氯甲基)吡啶反应生成四硫富瓦烯-吡啶结构单元的新型环蕃(3)。在离子液中测定了新型环蕃3的电化学性质,并研究了其对金属离子识别的性能。实验结果表明:在离子液中,环蕃中四硫富瓦烯单元更加容易被氧化或还原,而且其紫外吸收也显著增强;同时发现Pb2+对这种新型环蕃化合物的紫外吸收和氧化还原电位的影响最为明显,其对Pb2+有一定的选择性识别功能,Cu2+能够破坏TTF结构单元。     

新型exTTF衍生物的合成及其与四氯对苯醌的电子转移

以9,10-二蒽醌和1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-硫酮(1和3)为原料,利用亚磷酸三乙酯为偶联剂的Wittig交叉偶合反应合成exTTF化合物9-(4,5-二氰乙基硫基-1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-亚甲基)-10-[(4,5-亚乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-亚甲基]-9,10-二氢蒽(4).在氢氧化铯存在下,化合物4与2-氯乙氧基乙醇反应得到exTTF化合物9-[4-氰乙基硫基-5-(2-(2-羟乙氧基)乙基硫基-1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-亚甲基)]-10-[(4,5-亚乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-亚甲基]-9,10-二氢蒽(5).利用Mitsunobu反应,在偶氮二甲酸二乙酯和三苯基膦催化下,化合物5与对硝基苯酚反应得到exTTF化合物9-{4-氰乙基硫基-5-[2-(2-对硝基苯氧乙氧基)乙基硫基]-1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-亚甲基}-10-[(4,5-亚乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫代环戊烯-2-亚甲基]-9,10-二氢蒽(6).同时,X射线衍射分析了exTTF化合物4的晶体结构.循环伏安法研究表明化合物6呈现准可逆的两电子转移过程.利用紫外光谱法研究了exTTF化合物6与四氯对苯醌分子间的电子转移行为.结果表明,非氧化性金属阳离子Sc3+,Al3+和Pb2+可以有效促进电子供体6与电子接受体四氯对苯醌的分子间的电子转移行为.     

烷硫基四硫富瓦烯的合成及其性质的研究

分别以 1 ,3,4 ,6-四硫代戊搭烯 -2 ,5-二酮和 4 ,5-二 ( 2′-氰基乙硫基 ) -1 ,3-二硫杂环戊烯 -2 -酮为原料 ,经偶联、醇解、烃化制得四甲硫基四硫富瓦烯和四乙硫基四硫富瓦烯。对两种方法制得产物的产率存在较大差别提出了合理的解释 ,并讨论了 2种四硫富瓦烯衍生物的循环伏安图及有关电化学性质。     

CyanobenzeneTTF-type donors; synthesis and characterization

Two cyanobenzeneTTF-type electron donors, which are also dithiolene ligand precursors, cyanobenzenedicyanoethylthiotetrathiafulvalene, (cbdc-TTF) and dicyanobenzenedicyanoethylthiotetrathiafulvalene, (dcbdc-TTF), were obtained through cross-coupling reactions with triethyl phosphite between 4,5-bis(2-cyanoethylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-one and 4,cyanobenzene-1,3-dithiole-2-thione or dicyanobenzene-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, respectively. These reactions also yield 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(2-cyanoethylthio)-TTF and the corresponding symmetric cyanobenzene TTF derivatives dicyanodibenzenetetrathiafulvalene (dcdb-TTF) and tetracyanodibenzotetrathiafulvalene (TCN-DBTTF) resulting from the self-coupling reactions of the ketone and the thiones. Compound dcdb-TTF was also synthesized by homo-coupling reaction of the cyanobenzene-1,3-dithiole-2-ketone with triethyl phosphite. These compounds were characterized namely by single crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry.     

Thermal decompositions of dinitropyridyl and dinitrothienyl dithiocarbamates and t-butyl trithiocarbonates

The title compounds on heating cyclized to yield 7-nitro-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (III), 6-nitro-1,3-dithiolo[2,3-c]pyridin-2-one (VIIa), 6-nitrothieno[2,3-d]-1,3-dithiol-2-one (XIVa) and 6-nitrothteno[2,3-d]-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (XIVb).     

New electron donor — Bis(3-oxy-1,5-dithiapentano)tetrathiafulvalene

The reactions of bis(tetrabutylammonium)bis(1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato)zincate with dichlorinated ethers and thioethers gave derivatives of the 1,3-dithiole-2-thione that were used for the synthesis of the corresponding 1,3-dithiole-2-ones and 1,3-dithiole-2-selenones. A new electron donor, bis-(3-oxy-1,5-dithiapentano)tetrathiafulvalene, was obtained from 4,5-(3-oxa-1,5-dithiapentane)-1,3-dithiole-2-one.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1483–1485, November, 1987.     

Synthesis of new electron-donor compounds: Bis(2-thia-1,3-propylenedithio)teterathiafulvalene and bis(2-oxo-1,3-propylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene

1,3-Dithiole-2-thione derivatives, which are starting compounds for the synthesis of new electron donors of the tetrathiafulvalene class, viz., bis(2-thia-1,3-propylendithio)tetrathiafulvalene and bis(2-oxo-1,3-propylendithio)tetrathiafulvalene, were obtained by the reaction of bis(tetraalkylamonium) bis(1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato)zincates with 1,3-dichlorodimethyl sulfide and 1,3- dibromoacetone.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 471–474, April, 1990.     

New tetrathiafulvalenes containing a 2,5-bis(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrole fragment: Synthesis, optical properties, and electrochemical behavior

The reaction of 1-(3-bromopropyl)-2,5-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole with cesium 5-methylsulfanyl-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-thiolate generated in situ gave previously unknown 4-{3-[2,5-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]propylsulfanyl}-5-methylsulfanyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, and cross-coupling of the latter with 4,5-disubstituted 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones in the presence of triethyl phosphite afforded new substituted tetrathiafulvalenes containing a 2,5-bis(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrole fragment. Optical properties and electrochemical behavior of the synthesized compounds were studied, and their ability to undergo electropolymerization was confirmed.     

Pyrrolo-annelated tetrathiafulvalenes: the parent systems

The synthesis of a number pyrrolo-annelated tetrathiafulvalenes, including the parent bis(pyrrolo[3,4-d])tetrathiafulvalene (7) is decribed. Starting from readily available 4,5-bis(bromomethyl)-1, 3-dithiole-2-thione (14) and sodium tosylamide, the parent 7 and the asymmetric monopyrrolo tetrathiafulvalenes 23a,b were prepared in good yields via a nonclassical and simple pyrrole synthesis. Furthermore, a series of asymmetrical N-alkylated monopyrrolo/monodihydropyrrolotetrathiafulvalenes was prepared starting from primary amines and 14. A detailed study of the fundamental redox behavior of this class of heterocycles is reported. NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and PM3 MO calculations revealed that the pyrrolo-annelated tetrathiafulvalenes have highly extended pi-surfaces. The X-ray crystallographic analyses of the monopyrrolo tetrathiafulvalenes 22b and 24b, together with preliminary formation of a charge-transfer complex between the parent donor 7 and TCNQ, are also reported.     

Synthesis of N-methylmorpholinium 6-oxo-3,5-dicyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-(spirocyclopentane)pyridine-2-thiolate with the Michael reaction

N-Methylmorpholinium 6-oxo-3,5-dicyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-(spirocyclopentane)pyridine-2-thiolate was obtained by reaction of cyclopentylidenecyanoacetic ester with cyanothioacetamide or cyclopentylidenecyanothioacetamide with cyanoacetic ester in the presence of N-methylmorpholine; it is used in synthesis of substituted 2-alkylthiotetrahydropyridines, 5-oxo-6,8-dicyano-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-(5H)-7-(spirocyclopentane)-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine, 5-allyl-2-methylthio-3,5-dicyano-4,5-dihydro-4-(spirocyclo-pentane)pyridin-6(1H)-one, and 3-amino-6-oxo-5-cyano-4,5-dihydro-4-(spirocyclopentane)-2H-pyrazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-one. T. G. Shevchenko Lugansk State Pedagogical Institute, Lugansk 348011, Ukraine, N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117913, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 208–212, February, 1998.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Electroactive Bistetrathiafulvalene-attached Thiacalix[4]arene Assemblies

Tetrabromoalkylthiacalix[4]arenes(1a and 1b) reacted with excess bis(tetraethylammonium)-bis(1,3- dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiol)zincate(2) to give thiacalix[4]arene-thiones(3a and 3b) in the presence of Na₂S. Two novel bistetrathiafulvalene-attached thiacalix[4]arene assemblies(5a and 5b) formed via triethyl phosphite-mediated cross-coupling of thiacalix[4]arene-thiones(3a and 3b) and 4,5-biscyanoethylthio-1,3-dithiole-2-one(4). All the four new compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the structures of thiacalix[4]arene-thiones(3a and 3b) were identified by X-ray analysis. In addition, the cyclic voltammograms of the resulting thiacalix[4]arenes containing electroactive TTF units(5a and 5b) were provided.     

Synthesis of optically active amphiphilic tetrathiafulvalene derivatives

The synthesis and characterization of novel chiral tetrathiafulvalenes bearing two long alkyl chains at one end of the π-electron rich unit and different functional groups—ester, acid or thiolate—at the other extreme is described. The synthetic method requires the preparation of 1,3-dithiol derivatives with two stereogenic centers. Different routes and reaction conditions were explored to form these compounds, whose optimized synthesis involved the nucleophilic substitution of a chiral bromo methylene derivative with tetrabutylammonium bis(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate)zincate. The tetrathiafulvalenes were prepared by coupling the 1,3-dithiol derivative with 4,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-1,3-dithiol-2-one or 4,5-bis(2-cyanotehylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-thione. The products were fully characterized, including by circular dichroism spectroscopy, which confirmed their optical activity. They are promising candidates to be used as building blocks in supramolecular materials for molecular electronics, to produce systems with unique electrical, magnetic or optical properties that stem from their chirality.