地源热泵的运行特性模拟研究

依据圆柱源理论,建立起了耦合地面热泵机组和地下埋管换热器特性的模拟模型,该模型可用于长期运行的地源热泵系统的短时间步长运行特性模拟。探讨了模拟过程中有关参数的确定方法,并运用所建模型对地源热泵的冬季和夏季运行特性进行了模拟。运行特性模拟与实验数据的验证结果表明,所建模型可以对地源热泵的运行特性做出符合实际的预测。     

The ground states and pseudospin textures of rotating two-component Bose–Einstein condensates trapped in harmonic plus quartic potential

The ground states of two-component miscible Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs) confined in a rotating annular trap are obtained by using the Thomas–Fermi(TF) approximation method.The ground state density distribution of the condensates experiences a transition from a disc shape to an annulus shape either when the angular frequency increases and the width and the center height of the trap are fixed,or when the width and the center height of the trap increase and the angular frequency is fixed.Meantime the numerical solutions of the ground states of the trapped two-component miscible BECs with the same condition are obtained by using imaginary-time propagation method.They are in good agreement with the solutions obtained by the TF approximation method.The ground states of the trapped two-component immiscible BECs are also given by using the imaginary-time propagation method.Furthermore,by introducing a normalized complex-valued spinor,three kinds of pseudospin textures of the BECs,i.e.,giant skyrmion,coaxial double-annulus skyrmion,and coaxial three-annulus skyrmion,are found.     

On the detection of objects buried at a shallow depth using seismic wave reflections

This paper concerns the detection of shallow (of the order 1 m) buried objects using seismic excitation. Time-extended signals are used to generate a compressional wave using a shaker attached to the ground. The wave propagates through the ground, reflects off a buried object and is captured by an array of geophones on the surface. The envelopes of the cross-correlation functions between the measured ground velocities and the excitation signal are calculated and summed to generate a cross-sectional image of the ground. The wide cross-correlation peaks caused by high ground attenuation are partially compensated for by using the generalized cross-correlation function called the phase transform. Simple simulations are conducted to demonstrate the method, and some field experiments have been carried out aimed at the detection of a buried concrete pipe. In the experiments the pipe could be detected using the method proposed, with experimental and simulated data producing good agreement.     

非对称量子点中极化子的性质

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了非对称量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的性质,导出了非对称量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的基态能量和基态结合能随量子点的横向、纵向有效受限长度,电子-声子耦合强度的变化关系.通过数值计算,结果表明,量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的基态能量和基态结合能随量子点的横向、纵向有效受限长度的减小而迅速增大.     

Quantum entanglement transition in vertically coupled two single-electron quantum dots with charged impurity

Effects of a charged impurity on the ground state of two vertically coupled identical single-electron quantum dots with and without applied magnetic field are investigated. In the absence of the magnetic field, the investigations of the charged impurity effect on the quantum entanglement (QE) in some low-lying states are carried out. It is found that, both the positive charged impurity (PCI) and the negative charged impurity (NCI)reduce the QE in the low-lying states under consideration except that the QE in the ground state is enhanced by the NCI. Additionally, in the domain of B from 0 Tesla to 15 Tesla, the ground state energy E, the ground state angular momentum L and the ground state QE entropy S are worked out. As far as the ground state are concerned, the PCI (NCI) blocks (induces) the angular momentum phase transition and the QE phase transition besides the known fact (i. e., the PCI/NCI decreases/increases the energy) in the magnetic field.     

一种计算HEMP环境下电缆感应电流的混合算法北大核心CSCD

对高空核爆电磁脉冲(HEMP)环境下、地面上方电缆的感应电流进行了研究。考虑有耗地面的影响,提出了一种将时域积分方程(TDIE)和时域传输模式法结合求解有耗半空间上方电缆瞬态电流的时域方法。通过电磁波本征模的关联性得到斜入射有耗半空间平面波的时域反射系数,不需计算贝塞尔函数的无穷项和便可以得到时域反射系数的精确解。最后给出了核爆脉冲照射下地面上方电缆感应的电流的仿真结果。结果表明:对于水平放置的电缆,当反射脉冲到达电缆后,反射场总是试图抵消入射场,使得电缆上感应电流小于只考虑入射脉冲时的感应电流;电缆的耦合电流会随架设的高度发生显著变化,相对于铺地的电缆,架空的电缆有更大的感应电流。     

Rashba效应对抛物量子阱中极化子基态能的影响

采用LLP变分法研究了抛物量子阱中极化子的Rashba效应,得到了极化子基态能量的表达式,并讨论了半阱宽及波矢与基态能量之间的关系.结果显示,基态能量是半阱宽和电子-声子耦合强度的减函数,而是波矢的增函数.由于Rashba效应基态能量零自旋轨道分裂成两支.     

基于星载激光测高数据的植被冠层高度反演

星载激光测高系统在应用于冠层高度反演时，由于光斑尺寸较大、地表环境复杂等因素，导致无法准确地从回波信号中提取地面位置。针对该问题，设计了一种分类地面波形，计算有效候选峰加权高程的地面返回位置提取和植被冠层高度反演方法。采用该方法对佛蒙特州西北地区的GLAS回波数据进行了处理，实现了地面高程提取和冠层高度反演，以同时期机载Lidar测量数据进行精度验证，并与高斯分解法的反演结果进行比较。结果表明该方法提取的地面返回位置与机载雷达采集的地面点云的分布非常接近，且地面提取精度优于高斯分解法；GLAS冠层高度反演结果RMSE为2.82 m，相关系数为0.81，与机载激光雷达测量结果具有较好的一致性，且优于高斯分解法的冠层高度反演结果。     

Trapping and focusing ground state atoms with static fields

Possibilities of trapping ground state atoms in static fields are studied. It is shown that it is impossible to trap ground state particles at rest using arbitrary combinations of electric, magnetic, and gravitational fields, a result which is a considerable generalization of Wing's theorem. Similarly, it is impossible to make a thin lens for ground state atoms using static fields. Confinement of ground state particles in dynamic equilibrium can be achieved. Axially symmetric storage rings with electric or magnetic fields are possible and should be experimentally feasible. Such storage rings have the important advantage that ground state particles can be confined, hence loss of atoms by two-body collisions is avoided.     

高速列车地面效应数值模拟研究

采用定常RANS方法对高速列车的地面效应进行分析,研究地面效应影响下高速列车气动力的变化规律.研究地面效应对不同侧偏角下高速列车气动力的影响,发现地面效应对073176;侧偏角下的气动力影响最大,并随着侧偏角的增大地面效应的影响逐渐变小;研究当列车与地面相对高度发生变化时高速列车气动力的变化规律,数值模拟结果揭示了高速列车气动升力存在的升力翻转效应,并对不同高度下列车底面的压力脉冲变化规律进行分析.     

基于低频部分元等效电路法的共地干扰

基于低频部分元等效电路（PEEC）模型计算接地回路电流和电势分布,研究分析了共地传导干扰机理。基于混合位积分方程建立了低频PEEC模型,并与边界元方法的结果对比验证其准确性。基于PEEC模型实现对导体中三维电流分布的计算,获得了典型大导体接地回路的电流分布,分析了频率对电流分布的影响特性。结果表明,地导体中电流分布主要集中在接地极附近,两接地极间会由于电感感抗的影响而呈现出电势差,揭示了接地回路中的共地传导干扰机理,建立的PEEC模型能够有效应用于共地干扰分析与抑制。     

闪电脉冲电磁场在地下空间的分布特性

为了研究闪电脉冲电磁场(LEMP)在地下传播的过程与空间分布特性,本文采用一种改进的时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算了LEMP在整个地下空间的传播过程.与以往发表的研究只局限在个别观察点的讨论不同,本文通过计算得到了空间中所有网格位置上的电磁场、时间导数、功率密度和能量密度及它们的峰值,并将它们按照空间坐标表示在相应的分布彩图中.发现在靠近地表和远离闪电通道的区域内,LEMP的各个分量同时在平行和垂直地面的两个方向上呈指数型衰减.其中磁场与水平电场的峰值在整个空间极性统一,且呈现类双指数形分布.而垂直电场在地下的峰值分为极性相反的两个区域,并且靠近闪电通道的区域呈类球状分布.其他特性参量也有类似以上的空间分布特点.并且本文通过对不同大地电导率、电容率、放电通道模型和基电流情况的计算,发现虽然在个别情况下LEMP在地下空间的数值整体增大,但整体分布特征并未改变.即使是在水平或垂直分层大地的情况下,同一层内部仍然具有相同的分布规律.甚至是在击中避雷针情况下,LEMP在地下空间的分布特点也仍然未变.而这些分布规律和特征的发现和利用,将为地下管线、设备、线缆的电磁防护设计与位置规划提供重要的支持.     

Group classification of the dispersion equation of gaseous pollutants in presence of a temperature inversion

The Lie group method is applied to make a group classification of the PDE governs the dispersion of gaseous pollutants in the presence of a temperature inversion and obtained on a great varity of analytical solutions. The pollutants are assumed to be spread in the layer bounded by the ground surface and the inversion level and they are driven by wind in the horizontal direction. The general solution has been specified for two cases; (i) the ground absorbs all the gaseous pollutants and (ii) the ground does not absorb any pollutant.     

壳模型对13N Gamow-Teller跃迁的研究

最近的研究表明¹³N的beta衰变对于Ia型超新星爆炸前的电子丰度有着重要的影响.本文在壳模型的基础上,首先计算¹³N基态到基态以及基态到不同激发态的Gamow-Teller(GT)跃迁强度,并将其与实验数据进行了比较.在理论计算的GT强度基础上,对不同温度和密度天体环境下¹³N的电子俘获率进行了细致的计算,并重点讨论基态到激发态的GT跃迁对电子俘获率变化的影响.结果表明,考虑基态到激发态的跃迁后,超新星的电子丰度下降,中微子能量损失增大.基态到激发态跃迁对电子俘获率的影响主要由低激发能级贡献. 关键词： Gamow-Teller跃迁 壳模型 电子俘获 激发态     

Quantum phase transition in spin-3/2 systems on the hexagonal lattice — optimum ground state approach

Optimum ground states are constructed in two dimensions by using so called vertex state models. These models are graphical generalizations of the well-known matrix product ground states for spin chains. On the hexagonal lattice we obtain a one-parametric set of ground states for a five-dimensional manifold of S = 3/2 Hamiltonians. Correlation functions within these ground states are calculated using Monte-Carlo simulations. In contrast to the one-dimensional situation, these states exhibit a parameter-induced second order phase transition. In the disordered phase, two-spin correlations decay exponentially, but in the Néel ordered phase alternating long-range correlations are dominant. We also show that ground state properties can be obtained from the exact solution of a corresponding free-fermion model for most values of the parameter.     

Sonochemical treatment of natural ground water at different high frequencies: preliminary results

Naturally occurring ground water polluted by highly volatile chlorinated compounds, with 1,2-dichloroethane as the main contaminant, was sonicated with high frequency ultrasound (361, 620 and 1086 kHz) in order to investigate if results from studies performed with single model compounds in water can be applied to a natural ground water. It was shown that the treated highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons are almost completely destroyed by ultrasound in natural ground water within 60 min. It also transpired that the naturally occurring inorganic components and gases in the ground water play an important role.     

Exotic Ground States of Directional Pair Potentials via Collective-Density Variables

Collective-density variables have proved to be a useful tool in the prediction and manipulation of how spatial patterns form in the classical many-body problem. Previous work has employed properties of collective-density variables along with a robust numerical optimization technique to find the classical ground states of many-particle systems subject to radial pair potentials in one, two and three dimensions. That work led to the identification of ordered and disordered classical ground states. In this paper, we extend these collective-coordinate studies by investigating the ground states of directional pair potentials in two dimensions. Our study focuses on directional potentials whose Fourier representations are non-zero on compact sets that are symmetric with respect to the origin and zero everywhere else. We choose to focus on one representative set that has exotic ground-state properties: two circles whose centers are separated by some fixed distance. We obtain ground states for this “two-circle” potential that display large void regions in the disordered regime. As more degrees of freedom are constrained the ground states exhibit a collapse of dimensionality characterized by the emergence of filamentary structures and linear chains. This collapse of dimensionality has not been observed before in related studies.     

Effect of randomly varying impedance on the interference of the direct and ground-reflected waves

A randomly varying ground impedance is introduced into the solution for the sound field produced by a point source in a homogeneous atmosphere above a flat ground. The results show that in general the ground with a random impedance cannot be represented by an effective, non-random impedance. The behavior of the solution is studied with a relaxation model for the impedance in which porosity and the static flow resistivity are random variables. Mean values and standard deviations are adopted from measurements of two types of ground surfaces. For both surfaces, the mean intensity of the sound field above a random-impedance ground deviates only slightly from the intensity above a non-random impedance. The normalized standard deviation of intensity fluctuations can, however, be greater than one, thus indicating that for a particular realization of the random impedance, the sound intensity might significantly deviate from the intensity for a non-random impedance.     

Ground states of quantum spin systems

We prove that ground states of quantum spin systems are characterized by a principle of minimum local energy and that translationally invariant ground states are characterized by the principle of minimum energy per unit volume.     

Isolation effect of a dynamic damper and a trench on ground vibration caused by a construction machine

In this study, a simple isolation method of ground vibration is proposed by using a dynamic damper and a trench, which is feasible for temporary use during a construction period. The ground is modeled as a two-dimensional plane model. Periodic impulsive excitation acts at one point on the ground surface, and the vibrations are measured at several evaluation points on the ground surface. A simple dynamic damper composed of a weight and a restoring element is set up at the ground surface or in the shallow trench, and the vibration isolation effect is examined. The simulation shows that the ground vibration can be isolated when the dynamic damper is set near the excitation point on the ground surface, and setting the dynamic damper in a shallow trench has almost the same isolation effect as that in a deep trench. The results indicate that the proposed isolation method is feasible for actual application.