Al_2O_3包覆SrSO_4纳米复合粉体的制备与表征

采用直接沉淀-超临界流体干燥方法合成了纳米SrSO4粉体,以溶胶-凝胶法对其表面进行包覆Al(OH)3凝胶的处理,经煅烧后制备出Al2O3包覆SrSO4纳米复合粉体。通过XRD、TEM、SEM等对不同工艺条件下制备的纳米复合粉体的表面形貌和特性进行了研究。研究表明:当Al3+的浓度为0.1 mol/L、pH值为8时,可以获得好的氧化铝前驱体包覆SrSO4纳米复合粉体,经700℃煅烧3 h后获得了均匀、致密的Al2O3包覆SrSO4纳米复合粉体。     

共沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合纳米粉体

以ZrOCl2·8H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、Y(NO3)3为原料,NH4HCO3 (AHC)为络合剂,采用共沉淀法制备Al2 O3-ZrO2复合纳米粉体.利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度分析仪等对Al2 O3-ZrO2复合粉体进行测试表征,详细研究了pH和AHC/Zr摩尔比对复合粉体的影响.结果表明,当前驱体的煅烧温度低于1200℃时,只形成t-ZrO2相,当煅烧温度达到1300℃时,α-Al2O3相开始形成;沉淀反应的pH和AHC/Zr摩尔比对Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体的产率有很大的影响.在pH7、AHC/Zr =4.5:1的条件下制备前驱体,经过1300℃煅烧2h得到两相纯度高,分散性能好,粒度分布窄,平均粒径为0.75 μm的Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体.     

碳酸盐沉淀法合成Nd3+:Y2O3激光陶瓷纳米粉体

以Y2O3粗粉、Nd2O3、硝酸和NH4HCO3为原料,通过共沉淀法制备了Nd3+:Y2O3透明激光陶瓷纳米粉体,并采用TG/DTA、XRD、FTIR、TEM以及EDS等测试方法对粉体性能进行了表征.结果表明,在先驱物中添加适量SO42-离子能减轻煅烧得到的Nd3+:Y2O3粉体的团聚,使粉体粒度均匀并呈球形分布.在1100 ℃煅烧4 h所得粉体粒度均匀,粒径在50～70 nm之间,具有较好的分散性,适合作为制备透明激光陶瓷的粉体材料.     

改进的多元醇法制备高分散纳米氧化镁及其锶吸附性能研究

以六水合氯化镁(MgCl·6H2O)为原料,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用改进的多元醇法制备了颗粒均匀、分散性好的纳米氧化镁粒子,并分别研究了反应温度和反应时间对前驱体和MgO粉体结构和形貌的影响.研究表明,在110℃反应8h后制备的前驱体为30 nm左右纳米颗粒状碱式碳酸镁Mg5 (CO3)4(OH)2(H2O)4.在700℃焙烧3h后可得到粒径为50 nm左右分散性较好的MgO纳米粒子.该种纳米氧化镁粉体对水溶液中的锶具有较好的吸附作用,吸附量为5.3 mg/g.     

超重力场与微波场集成制备纳米氧化锆

以氧氯化锆为原料,氨水做沉淀剂,在螺旋通道型旋转床中通过超重力场共沉淀反应制备纳米氧化锆前驱体,防团聚处理后的前驱体在微波场中程序升温至600℃煅烧2h得到最终产品.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法考察了锆离子浓度、超重力水平、不同煅烧方式、微波煅烧温度对粉体粒径、分散性和晶型的影响.结果表明:采用超重力场与微波场集成工艺制备得到结晶度高,粒径均匀,团聚少且平均粒径为8.77 nm的四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO2)粉体.     

低温燃烧合成法制备纳米氧化镧

以六水硝酸镧、一水柠檬酸为原料,利用低温燃烧合成法制备了纳米La2O3粉体.利用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对干凝胶热分解过程及最终形成的纳米La2O3粉体进行了表征,并研究了前驱体溶液的pH值、物质的量配比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对粉体粒径和形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在溶液的pH=2,La(NO3)3·6H2O:C6H8O7·H2O=6:7,煅烧温度在700~900 ℃,煅烧时间为1.5 h时,可获得粒径均匀的纳米La2O3粉体,且所得产物的粒径范围为50~100 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y_(3-x)Ce_xAl_5O_(12)纳米粉体的研究

以Y(NO3)3.6H2O、Ce(NO3)3.6H2O、Al(NO3)3.9H2O、柠檬酸为主要原料,以聚乙二醇作为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米级YAG∶Ce3+粉体。研究了煅烧温度、溶液中金属离子浓度、溶液pH值及Ce3+掺杂量等因素对制备纳米YAG∶Ce3+粉体的颗粒尺寸、颗粒形貌、物相的影响。结果表明:当溶液pH为=4.0、金属离子浓度为0.50 mol/L、煅烧温度为1000℃时,可以制备出具有良好的分散性,平均粒径在30 nm的粉体。     

均匀沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3超细粉体的研究

以尿素为均匀沉淀剂、氯化铁为原料,采用均匀沉淀法合成了α- Fe2O3超细粉体. 通过TGA/SDTA分析确定前驱体的煅烧温度,用X射线粉末衍射和电子显微技术对粉体的晶体结构、形貌及粒度大小进行表征和分析.结果表明,所合成的Fe2O3为α型,粒径在0.2 μm左右,粒度均匀,分散性好.同时,初步探讨了均匀沉淀法合成α-Fe2O3的形成机理.     

不同加料方式对共沉淀法制备YAG纳米粉体的影响

用共沉淀法制备了钇铝石榴石(Y3Al5O12)纳米粉体,研究了正滴定、反滴定和一步注入工艺对钇铝石榴石纳米粉体合成过程及最终产物的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、同步热分析仪、场发射电子显微镜对YAG前驱体及不同温度煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明:通过正滴定、反滴定和一步注入工艺,分别制备出化学组成为10[8.9Al(OH)3+1·1NH4Al·(OH)2CO3]·3[Y2(CO3)3·3H2O]、10[7.3Al(OH)3+2.7NH4Al·(OH)2CO3]·3[Y2(CO3)3.3H2O]、10[Al(OH)3]·3[Y2(CO3)3·3H2O]的前驱体。前驱体经900℃煅烧2 h后,正、反滴定工艺得到的粉体主相为YAG(Y3Al5O12),但有少量的YAP(YAlO3),一步注入工艺则得到纯的YAG相。晶粒尺寸分别为85 nm、70 nm和65 nm,且一步注入工艺获得的粉体粒径分布较窄,分散性良好。     

氯化铵对AACH热分解制备纳米α-Al2O3的影响

以硫酸铝铵和碳酸氢铵为主要原料,采用沉淀法制备纳米碳酸铝铵(AACH)前驱体,通过碳酸铝铵热分解制备α-Al2O3,并利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)对前驱体及其煅烧产物的物相和形貌进行表征.研究表明通过添加氯化铵能够降低α-Al2O3的相变温度,并且随着加入量的增加,颗粒粒径减小,分散性改善.加入10;氯化铵的前驱体在1150 ℃下煅烧1 h后可以得到分散性较好的纳米α-Al2O3颗粒.     

The structures of three trimethylarsine-boron trihalide adducts: (CH3)3AsBCl3, (CH3)3AsBBr3, and (CH3)3AsBI3

An X-ray structure analysis of three trimethylarsine-boron trihalide adducts has been undertaken. Crystals of (CH₃)₃AsBCl₃ and (CH₃)₃AsBBr₃ are monoclinic with space groupP2₁/m (No. 11) withZ=2 while those of (CH₃)₃AsBI₃ are orthorhombic with space groupPnma (No. 62) withZ=4. For (CH₃)₃AsBCl₃,a=6.497(3) Å,b=10.735(3) Å,c=7.070(2) Å,=111.8(3)°,V=458.4(3) ų,R=0.0343. For (CH₃)₃AsBBr₃,a=6.672(4) Å,b=11.135(7) Å,c=7.199(4) Å,=111.5(1)°,V=497.7(5) ų,R=0.0434. For (CH₃)₃ÅsBI₃,a=13.113(7) Å,b=11.733(5) Å,c=7.387(3) Å,V=1136.5(5) ų,R=0.0329. The As-B bond lengths are 2.065(6), 2.04(1), and 2.03(1) Å, respectively, for the chloride, bromide, and iodide. These and other structural parameters are discussed with reference to previous predictions based on vibrational spectra and previous structural studies on the trimethyl-phosphine and trimethylamine adducts.     

Crystal and molecular structures of three trimethylamine-boron halide adducts: (CH3)3NBCl3, (CH3)3NBBr3, and (CH3)3NBI3

X-ray diffraction data from single crystals of the trimethylamine complexes of the three boron halides, BCl₃, BBr₃, and BI₃, lead to aP2₁/m monoclinic cell containing two molecules for each complex. The unit cell dimensions area = 6·68(1),b = 10·247(3),c = 6·502(6) Å, =116·2(1)° (chloro);a = 6·86(1),b = 10·612(4),c = 6·737(6) Å, = 115·8(1)° (bromo);a = 6·92(2),b = 10·86(1),c = 7·147(6) Å, = 93·9(1)° (iodo). The structures were solved by three-dimensional sharpened Patterson functions and show only the chloro and bromo compounds to be isomorphous. Refinement of 662,718 and 954 observed reflexions for the chloro, bromo and iodo complexes, respectively, using anisotropic thermal parameters yielded conventionalR factors of 0·045, 0·087 and 0·054.The molecules are shown to possess a B—N dative bond, a staggered conformation, and effective 3m (C _3v) symmetry. Average C—N bond lengths are 1·52(1) Å for all three complexes. Boronhalogen bond lengths average 1·864(4), 2·04(2) and 2·28(2) Å, while B—N bond distances are 1·609(6), 1·60(2) and 1·58(3) Å, respectively, for the chloro through iodo compounds. Bond angles are approximately tetrahedral with the C—N—C angle decreasing by several degrees in the Cl Br I series.Based in part on a dissertation submitted by Patty H. Clippard to the Rackham School of Graduate Studies of the University of Michigan, January 1969 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D. Degree.     

Second harmonic generation properties of Ca3(O3C3N3)2 ‐Sr3(O3C3N3)2 solid solutions

Solid solutions of the second harmonic generation (SHG) materials Ca₃(O₃C₃N₃)₂ (CCY) and Sr₃(O₃C₃N₃)₂ (SCY) were prepared via exothermic solid state metathesis reactions from appropriate amounts of the corresponding metal chlorides and potassium cyanate at 525 °C. The change in SHG intensity caused by the successive cation substitution is reported. Differential thermal analyses are used to explore the SCY–K(OCN) phase diagram as a medium for the growth of SCY crystals.     

Crystal Growth and Spectroscopic Characterisation of BiB3O6:RE3+ (RE3+ = Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, Er3+, Tm3+)

Large single crystals of optical quality of BiB₃O₆:RE³⁺ (RE³⁺ = Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Gd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺) were grown from nearly stoichiometric melts using the top‐seeding growth technique to dimensions up to 12 x 12 x 18 mm³. Absorption spectra were measured in the wavelength range from 10000 cm^‐1 to 30000 cm^‐1 with an absorption spectrometer to estimate the doping concentration of RE³⁺. For the determination of the phonon energies and the quenching behaviour of the host lattice IR and Raman spectra were recorded.     

Growth and characteristic of Sr3Tb(BO3)3 crystal

A new borate single crystal of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ with dimension Ф20×25 mm² has been grown by the Czochralski method. The grown crystal was characterized by DTA–TGA, FTIR and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The results showed the crystal with [BO₃]^3? is congruently melting at 1351.35 °C which belongs to hexagonal structure. The hardness of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ crystal is 422.5 VDH, and is equal to 5.0 moh. The thermal expansion coefficients were determined to be 2.08×10^?5/°C along (1 0 0) direction and 7.43×10^?6/°C along (0 0 1) direction and the transmission spectrum was measured in 320–1800 nm at room temperature. The magnetic properties of the single crystal were studied which showed its paramagnetism and magnetic anisotropy. The specific Faraday rotation of single crystal was measured at room temperature in 532, 633, and 1064 nm wavelength. The Verdet constants and magneto-optical figures of merit were investigated. The primary emphasis is laid to explore a new magneto-optical material, all the magneto-optical properties of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ are comparing to the ones of TGG.     

Growth and magnetic‐optical properties of Sr3Gd(BO3)3 and Sr3TbxGd1‐x(BO3)3 single crystals

Single crystals of Sr₃Gd(BO₃)₃ (SGB) and Sr₃Tb_xGd_1‐x(BO₃)₃ (TSGB) with dimension Ø 20 mm×20 mm have been grown by Czochralski method. The grown crystals were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis which showed the crystals belong to hexagonal structure with lattice parameters of a=b=1.254 nm, c=0.926 nm (SGB) and a=b=1.253 nm, c=0.925 nm (TSGB). In TSGB, x=17.7% was obtained by X‐ray fluorometry which showed the segregation coefficient of Tb is closed to 1. The transmission spectrum was measured, which indicated the crystals have high transmittance in 400‐1100 nm region. The Faraday rotation of single crystals at 532 nm wavelength was measured at room temperature. Finally, the Verdet constants were investigated, (SGB) V=17.9 degcm^‐1T^‐1 and (TSGB) V=21.3 degcm^‐1T^‐1. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

3-Methyl-3a,4-Dihydro-3H-Thiochromeno[4,3-c]isoxazol

Abstract  The crystal structure of the title compound, C₁₁H₁₁NOS, was determined by an X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with cell parameters a = 10.533(2) ?, b = 12.7826(19) ?, c = 7.6491(17) ?, β = 107.997(17)^°, V = 979.5(3) ?³ and Z = 4. The S containing heterocycle adopts a sofa conformation, whereas the 5-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. The crystal packing is characterized by weak C–H···N contacts and π-stacking interactions. Graphical Abstract  The title compound, 3-methyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-thiochromeno[4,3-c]isoxazol was synthesized by an 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction and its crystal structure determined. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the aromatic 6-membered ring is planar, whereas the ring containing the S atom adopts a sofa conformation and the 5-membered ring an envelope conformation. The methyl group is in an equatorial position.      

Second harmonic generation in Na3Gd2(BO3)3 crystals

Na₃Gd₂(BO₃)₃ crystals with dimensions up to 22 × 20 × 5 mm³has been grown from NaBO₂ flux by the top‐seeded solution growth (TSSG) method for the first time. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result shows that Na₃Gd₂(BO₃)₃ melts incongruently. The infrared spectrum indicates that Na₃Gd₂(BO₃)₃ contains characteristic triangular [BO₃]^3– groups responsible for the nonlinear optical effect. For the as‐grown crystal, the transmittance exceeds 80% in the wavelength range of 315 nm to 2670 nm, and the UV cutoff wavelength is 207 nm. The damage threshold is 0.47 GW cm^–2 at 1064 nm. Moreover, Na₃Gd₂(BO₃)₃ crystal exhibits an optical second harmonic generation effect which is 1.3 times as large as that of KH₂PO₄ (KDP). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)