Low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of rare-earth triisothiocyanate hydrates (Ⅲ)——Sm(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Gd(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Yb(NCS)_3·6H_2O and Y(NCS)_3·6H_2O

The heat capacities of four RE isothiocyanate hydrates,Sm( NCS)3 6H2O,Gd( NCS)3 6H2O,Yb(NCS)3 6H2O and Y( NCS)3 6H2O,have been measured from 13 to 300 K with a fully-automated adiabatic calorimeter No obvious thermal anomaly was observed for the above-mentioned compounds in the experimental tem-peiatnre ranges.The polynomial equations for calculating the heat capacities of the four compounds in the range of 13-300K were obtained by the least-squares fitting based on the experimental Cp data.The Cp values below 13 K were estimated by using the Debye-Einstem heat capacity functions.The standard molar thermodynamic functions were calculated from 0 to 300 K.Gibbs energies of formation were also calculated.     

LOW-TEMPERATURE HEAT CAPACITIES AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LANTHANUM AND CERIUM TRIISOTHIOCYANATE HYDRATESI (Ⅰ)——La(NCS)_3, 7H_2O AND Ce(NCS)_3. 7H_2O

The heat capacities of La(NCS)_3. 7H_2O and Ce(NCS)_3. 7H_2O have been measured from 13 to 300K with a fully-automated adiabatic calorimeter. The construction and procedures of the calorimetric system are described in detail. No obvious thermal anomaly was observed for both compounds in the experimental temperature range. The polynomial equations for calculating the heat capacity values of the two compounds in the range 13—300K were obtained by the least-squares fitting based on the experimental C_p data. The C_p values below 13K were estimated by using the Debye and Einstein heat Capacity functions. The standard molar thermodynamic functions were calculated from 0 to 300K. Gibbs energies of formation were also calculated.     

稀土元素异硫氰酸盐水合物的低温热容和热力学性质研究——Ⅲ.Sm(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Gd(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Yb(NCS)_3·6H_2O和Y(NCS)_3·6H_2O

用全自动绝热量热计测定了4种稀土异硫氰酸盐六水合物,Sm(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Gd(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Yb(NCS)_3·6H_2O和Y(NCS)_3·6H_2O在13～300 K间的热容,在实验温区上述化合物均未发现反常热容.根据实验热容数据用最小二乘拟合方法得出了计算这4种化合物在13～300 K温区内的热容多项式方程.13K以下的热容用 Debye-Einstein热容函数估算而得.计算了这些化合物在0～300 K间的标准热力学函数及其标准生成Gibbs能.     

稀土元素异硫氰酸盐水合物,RE(NCS)_3·nH_2O的低温热容和热力学性质的研究——Ⅰ.La(NCS)_3·7H_2O和Ce(NCS)_3·7H_2O

本文用全自动绝热量热计从13到300K测定了两种稀土元素异硫氰酸盐七水合物,La(NCS)_3·7H_2O和Ce(NCS)_3·7H_2O的热容。较详细描述了量热计结构和操作。在实验温区对两种化合物均未观察到明显的热异常现象。根据实验热容数据,用最小二乘拟合方法得到了计算这两种化合物13—300K热容值的多项式方程。13K以下的热容值用Debye和Einstein热容函数进行了估算。计算出了O—300K的标准热力学函数,标准生成Gibbs能也被计算出来。     

Low Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Zinc L-Threonate Zn（C4H7O5）2（s） by Adiabatic Calorimetry

Low-temperature heat capacities of the solid compound Zn（C4H7O5）2（s） were measured in a temperature range from 78 to 374 K, with an automated adiabatic calorimeter. A solid-to-solid phase transition occurred in the temperature range of 295？322 K. The peak temperature, the enthalpy, and entropy of the phase transition were determined to be （316.269±1.039） K, （11.194±0.335） kJ？mol-1, and （35.391±0.654） J？K-1？mol-1, respectively. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature regions of 78？295 K and 322？374 K were fitted to two polynomial equations of heat capacities（Cp,m） with reduced temperatures（X） and [X = f（T）], with the help of the least squares method, respectively. The smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound, relative to that of the standard reference temperature 293.15 K, were calculated on the basis of the fitted polynomials and tabulated with an interval of 5 K. In addition, the possible mechanism of thermal decomposition of the compound was inferred by the result of TG-DTG analysis.     

Low-Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrated Nickel L-Threonate Ni（C4H7O5）2·2H2O（S）

Low-temperature heat capacities of the compound Ni（C4H7O5）2·2H2O（S） have been measured with an auto- mated adiabatic calorimeter. A thermal decomposition or dehydration occurred in 350--369 K. The temperature, the enthalpy and entropy of the dehydration were determined to be （368.141 ±0.095） K, （18.809±0.088） kJ·mol ^-1 and （51.093±0.239） J·K^-1·mol^-1 respertively. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature regions of 78-350 and 368-390 K were fitted to two polynomial equations of heat capacities （Cp,m） with the reduced temperatures （X）, [X=f（T）], by a least squares method, respectively. The smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound were calculated on the basis of the fitted polynomials. The smoothed values of the molar heat capacities and fundamental thermodynamic functions of the sample relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were tabulated with an interval of 5 K.     

LOW-TEMPERATURE HEAT CAPACITY AND THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF 2-CHLORO-6-(TRICHLOROMETHYL)PYRIDINE

The heat capacity of 2- chloro- 6- (trichloromethyl)pyridine has heen measured with anadiabatic calorimeter in the range from 13 to 316K. There is no indication of any phasetransition or thermal anomaly in this temperature region for the present compound. Theresults have been compared with those reported in [1] in the overlapping temperaturerange. The experimental heat capacity data have been fitted to a smoothed curve by the aidof the effective frequency distribution method, and the heat capacities below 13K have beenobtained by extrapolating the fitting curve down to 0K. The standard molar thermodynamicfunctions between 0 and 400 K have been derived by combining the present heat capacitymeasurements with the previous ones. The values of C_p~o (T), S~o(T) - S~o(0), [H~o(T) -H~o(0)]/T, and - [G~o(T) - H~o(0)]/T at T = 298.15 K are 189.35, 244.60, 112 .45 and 132.15J·K~(-1)·mol~(-1), respectively.     

Low-temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrated Sodium Cupric Arsenate [NaCuAsO4·1.5H2O（s）]

Low-temperature heat capacities of the solid compound NaCuAsO4·1.5H2O(s)were measured using a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over a temperature range of T=78 K to T=390 K.A dehydration process occurred in the temperature range of T=368-374 K.The peak temperature of the dehydration was observed to be TD=(371.828±0.146)K by means of the heat-capacity measurement.The molar enthalpy and entropy of the dehydration were ΔDHm=(18.571±0.142)kJ/mol and ΔDSm=(49.946±0.415)J/(K·mol),respectively.The experimental values of heat capacities for the solid(Ⅰ)and the solid-liquid mixture(Ⅱ)were respectively fitted to two polynomial equations by the least square method.The smoothed values of the molar heat capacities and the fundamental thermodynamic functions of the sample relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were tabulated at an interval of 5 K.     

Low-Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Octahydrated Barium Dihydroxide,Ba（OH）2·8H2O（s）

Low-temperature heat capacities of octahydrated barium dihydroxide, Ba（OH）2·8H2O（s）, were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from T=78 to 370 K. An obvious endothermic process took place in the temperature range of 345-356 K. The peak in the heat capacity curve was correspondent to the sum of both the fusion and the first thermal decomposition or dehydration. The experimental molar heat capacifies in the temperature ranges of 78-345 K and 356-369 K were fitted to two polynomials. The peak temperature, molar enthalpy and entropy of the phase change have been determined to be （355.007±0.076） K, （73.506±0.011） kJ·ol^-1 and （207.140±0.074） J·K^-1·mol^-1, respectively, by three series of repeated heat capacity measurements in the temperature region of 298-370 K. The thermodynamic functions, （Hr-H298.15 k ）and （Sr-S298.15k）, of the compound have been calculated by the numerical integral of the two heat-eapacity polynomials. In addition, DSC and TG-DTG techniques were used for the further study of thermal behavior of the compound. The latent heat of the phase change became into a value larger than that of the normal compound because the melfing process of the compound must be accompanied by the thermal decomposition or dehydration of 71-120.     

Thermal Behavior of Zn(Thr)SO_4·H_2O

IntroductionRecently,a considerable interest has been fo-cused on the complexes of zinc with amino acidsdue to their excellent additives in medicine foodstuff and cosmetics[1— 6] .The investigation on thethermal behavior and the thermochemistry of somezinc amino acids is important to its further applica-tion,which has been reported in references[4,5 ,7— 1 0 ].However,the studies on solid complexZn( Thr) SO4· H2 O has not been reported,whichcan provide the necessary data and the foundation…     

V(HSO_4)_3 promoted oxidation of alcohols and trimethylsilyl,tetrahyropyranyl and methoxymethyl ethers with Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O in the absence of solvent

V(HSO_4)_3 has been found to be an efficient reagent for the promotion of the oxidation of alcohols and trimethylsilyl, tetrahydropyranyl and methoxymethyl ethers to their corresponding carbonyl compounds with Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O in the absence of solvent.     

ZrW_(1.7)~ⅥW_(0.3)~ⅤO_7H_(0.3)(OH)_2·2H_2O的合成与表征

分别利用微乳液水热法和酸蒸气水热法合成了杂多蓝化合物 Zr W 1 .7W 0 .3O7H0 .3( OH) 2 · 2 H2 O.XRD测定结果表明 ,该化合物与 Zr Mo2 O7( OH) 2 · 2 H2 O具有相同晶体结构类型 .使用 Rietveld方法对产物进行了结构精修 ,并计算出了键参数和键价 .运用 EPR技术测定了该化合物中 W的价态 ,并利用 XPS能谱测定了 W /W 的比例 .利用价键和规则 ,指出 Zr W 1 .7W 0 .3O7H0 .3( OH) 2 · 2 H2 O中的 W— O3— H0 .1 5存在羟基化现象 ,并对杂多蓝化合物的红外吸收光谱进行了指认 .     

Fe（NO3）3-9H2O/Fe（HSO4）3： An efficient reagent system for the oxidation of alcohols,thiols and sulfides in the absence of solvent

Fe（NO3）3-9H2O/Fe（HSO4）3 was used as an efficient reagent system for the oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds. All reactions were performed in the absence of solvent in good to high yields. Under the same reaction conditions, thiols and sulfides were also converted to their corresponding disulfides and sulfoxides, respectively. 2007 Farhad Shirini. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.     

Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of [Cu（en）2H2O] （FOX-7）2·H2O

The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of [Cu（en）2H2O]（FOX-7）2·H2O （en=ethylenediamine） were studied with DSC and TG-DTG methods.The kinetic equation of the exothermal process is dα/dt=（10^17.92/β）4α^3/4exp（-1.688×10^5/RT）.The self-accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of the thermal explosion are 163.3 and 174.8 ℃,respectively.The specific heat capacity of [Cu（en）2H2O]（FOX-7）2·H2O was determined with a micro-DSC method,with a molar heat capacity of 661.6 J·mol^-1·K^-1 at 25 ℃.Adiabatic time-to-explosion was also estimated as 23.2 s.[Cu（en）2H2O]（FOX-7）2·H2O is less sensitive.     

微量热法测定RE(Et2dtc)3(phen)配合物的比热容

A calculation formula for determining the specific heat capacity of solid compound with an improved RD496-Ⅲ microcalorimeter was derived. The calorimetric constant and precision determined by the Joule effect were （63.901±0.030）μV/mW and 0.3% at 298.15 K, respectively, and the total disequilibrium heat has been measured by the Peltier effect. The specific heat capacities of two standard substances （benchmark benzoic acid and α-Al2O3） were obtained with this microcalorimeter, and the differences between their calculated values and literature values were less than 0.4%. Similarly, the specific heat capacities of thirteen solid complexes, RE（Et2dtc）3（phen） （RE=La, Pr, Nd, Sm-Lu, Et2dtc： diethyldithiocarbamate ion, phen： 1,10-phenanthroline） were gained, and their total deviations were within 1.0%. These values were plotted against the atomic numbers of rare-earth, which presents tripartite effect, suggesting a certain amount of covalent character in the bond of RE^3＋and ligands, according to Nephelauxetic effect of 4f electrons of rare earth ions.     

Low-Temperature Heat Capacity and Thermal Decomposition of Crystalline[Ho（Thr）（H2O）5]Cl3

Rare earth elements have been widely used in many areas. Rare earth complex bearing an amino acid was synthesized to study the influence and the long-term effect of rare earth elements on environment and human beings,because amino acid is the basic unit of the living things. Previous work on these kinds of comidex is focused on synthesis and characterization of them. But thermodynamic data have seldom been reported. Here we present the thermod~nRmle study of [ Ho (Thr)(H20 )5]Cl3. The heat capecity of Holmium complex with threonine,[Ho(Thr)(H2O)5]Cl3,was measured with an automatic adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 79K to 330K and no thermal anomaly was found in this range,Thermodynamic functions relative to standard state 298.15K were derived from the heat capactiy data.Thermal decomposition behavior of the complex in nitrogen atmosphere in the range from 300K to 900K was studied by thermogravimetric(TG) technique and a possible decompostion mechanism was proposed according to the TG-DTG results.     

Preparation,Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Complexes [Dy(p-NBA)_3Phen]_2·3H_2O and [Dy(m-NBA)_3Phen]_2·4H_2O

The title complexes [Dy(p-NBA)3Phen]2·3H2O(I) and [Dy(m-NBA)3Phen]2·4H2O(Ⅱ) were synthesized, in the two molecular formulas of which NBA is nitrobenzoate and Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline. The characterizations of the complexes were carried out by means of elemental analysis, UV, IR, XRD and molar conductivity. The thermal decomposition of the two complexes were studied under the non-isothermal condition by DSC, TG-DTG and IR methods in detail. The kinetic parameters of the dehydration process were also obtai...     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Properties of [Zn（bipy）_2（H_2O）_4]·L·3H_2O

A novel coordination complex [Zn(bipy)2(H2O)4]·L·3H2O (1, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, LHNa = aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid monosodium salt) has been synthesized from LHNa by using hydrothermal method and structurally characterized. The result indicates that complex 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 20.392(3), b = 7.4052(12), c = 23.843(3) , β = 116.253(10)°, V = 3.2291(8) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.553 g·cm-3, μ = 0.962 mm-1, F(000) = 1568, and the final R = 0.0497 and wR = 0.1290. The complex 1 has a 0-D discrete structure, and generates an infinite 3-D network with the aid of O–H…O hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions.     

FeCl_3·6H_2O Catalyzed Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with 5, 5-Dimethyl-1, 3-cyclohexandione in Ionic Liquids

Room temperature ionic liquids with low melting point (<100℃) salts represent a new class of non-molecular, ionic solvents. Especially those based on the 1-N-alkyl-3- methylimidazolium cations, have shown great promise as an attractive alternative to conventional solvents for catalytic reactions1. On the other hand, FeCl3·6H2O was considered to be an environmentally benign Lewis acid and has been used successfully in several kinds of organic reactions2. Recently we have focused our interes…     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel 1D Coordination Polymer:[Pr(BYBA)_3(H_2O)_2]·[Pr(BYBA)_3(H_2O)]

The novel coordination polymer [Pr(BYBA)3(H2O)2]·[Pr(BYBA)3(H2O)] (BYBAH=2-benzoylbenzoic acid) was yielded by hydrothermal synthesis,determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra. The crystal crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a=9.112(3),b=14.644(5),c=27.076(11),α=84.223(3),β= 87.816(4),γ=88.902(4)o,V=3592(2)3,C84H60O21Pr2,Mr=1687.14,Z=2,F(000)=1700,Dc= 1.560 g/cm3,μ=1.419 mm-1,the final R=0.0485 and wR=0.1258 for 13035 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The compound contains two different building units,[Pr2(BYBA)6(H2O)4] and [Pr2(BYBA)6(H2O)2]. It is noticeable that [Pr2(BYBA)6(H2O)4] is an isolated binuclear building block,in which the Pr3+ ion centers are both located in an eight-coordinated environment. However,in [Pr2(BYBA)6(H2O)2] the Pr3+ ion centers are located in a nine-coordinated environment and connected by BYBA ligands to form 1D chains.