扩压器入口面积比对自由旋涡气动窗口性能的影响

 针对采用主动式扩压器的自由旋涡气动窗口,实验考察了扩压器入口面积比对扩压器压力恢复性能及自由旋涡气动窗口密封性能的影响。结果表明：入口面积比是影响扩压器压力恢复性能的重要因素;通过优化扩压器入口面积比,可以提高气动窗口密封压比和稳定性。主动式扩压器比传统扩压器具有更小的最佳入口面积比,使气动窗口射流更接近于理想自由旋涡射流;主动式扩压器最佳入口面积比约为2.03。在最佳入口面积比情况下,扩压器内端壁吹气临界驻室压力最低,外端壁吹气压力对密封压力基本没有影响。     

自由旋涡气动窗口全流场的数值模拟

建立自由旋涡气动窗口全流场仿真模型,对大密封压比气动窗口的全流场展开数值研究,得到自由旋涡气动窗口的流场结构,发现大密封压比气动窗口形成的自由旋涡射流在光束输出通道内无明显的波系结构.根据模拟结果对自由旋涡气动窗口的性能进行优化,对自由旋涡喷管上壁面型线进行二次粘性修正.优化自由旋涡射流场后,激光器输出光束通道内压力分布稳定上升;增加扩压器外端壁吹气1.19MPa、内端壁吹气1.68MPa时,自由旋涡射流总能提高,气动窗口密封压力从37.5torr降低至6torr.该研究结果对自由旋涡气动窗口技术的发展具有参考意义.     

压力恢复系统扩压器性能初步研究

 在气动和化学强激光器系统研制中，压力恢复系统扩压器设计技术研究具有重要的工程应用价值。介绍了常温空气介质情况下若干型式扩压器试验件的数值模拟和实验研究结果，针对扩压器扩张角大小、壁面之间加隔板和边界层吹气等因素对其扩压性能的影响作了对比分析。初步研究表明：激光器系统的光腔段和压力恢复系统扩压器采用较小扩张角，扩压器内腔宽度方向设置适当厚度的竖隔板，扩压器左右侧壁采用附面层吹气等措施能有效提高扩压器的扩压效率。而由于压力恢复系统扩压器宽高比很大，在扩压器内腔使用水平隔板对扩压效率没有明显提高，并且当扩压器扩张角度很小时，水平隔板反而降低了扩压器扩压效率。     

可调扩压器端隙控制对离心压气机性能影响

在飞机飞行包线内,高速电机直驱可调离心压气机可通过扩压器调节以满足飞行工况下客舱增压系统的供气需求,并使压气机始终工作在高效区,从而满足飞机客舱环境的舒适性并降低增压系统能耗。对于可调扩压器,扩压器叶片两侧存在端隙。在扩压器叶片高度较小的情况下,较大的隙高比导致扩压器内端隙泄漏严重,给压气机性能带来较大的负面影响。以抑制可调扩压器端隙泄漏、提高压气机效率为目的,本文首先分析了扩压器端隙对压气机性能的影响,在此基础上,设计了一种将扩压器叶片端部部分封闭从而改变端隙泄漏路径的整体式可调扩压器结构,研究了该扩压器结构对于端隙泄漏的抑制效果以及对可调压气机性能的改善幅度。结果表明,相对于传统可调扩压器,整体式扩压器结构可有效抑制可调扩压器叶片端隙泄漏损失并提高可调压气机效率。对于本文所研究的可调压气机,峰值效率可提升1.1%,对应压比可提升1.3%。     

无缓冲气COIL扩压器流场数值模拟

 以无缓冲气化学氧碘激光器(COIL)实验器件的数据计算得到的混合喷管出口参数平均值作为光腔入口条件，对6种不同构型的扩压器从光腔入口至扩压器出口的流场进行了数值模拟，得出了各流场参数分布；对不同构型扩压器的流场特点、总压恢复性能进行了分析；研究了扩压器出口背压对流场参数的影响。结果表明：对于主流无缓冲气的COIL，等截面扩压器具有较好的压力恢复性能；增大扩压器出口背压可以使扩压器的压力恢复性能提高，然而，较高的背压使激波串向光腔方向移动，从而使光腔流场受到干扰，影响光腔的光束质量。     

高压比离心压气机叶片扩压器设计准则研究

本文对某带叶片扩压器的高压比离心压气机进行数值研究,提出Vt和Vm沿子午流道规律变化的叶片扩压器气动参数设计准则,采用该设计准则的优化结果表明,在保持原型扩压器进出口半径的条件下,压气机压比基本不变,但最高效率提高1.55%,工作裕度扩宽22.22%。同时,本文提供气动参数设计准则相应的快速优化设计流程。该气动设计准则可为类似的高压比离心压气机叶片扩压器设计、优化提供指导与参考。     

基于机器学习XGBoost算法的跨音速离心压气机扩压器气动优化设计

本文以某跨音速离心压气机扩压器为研究对象,提出了一种叶型参数化方法和优化流程,采用机器学习XGBoost算法以及全局寻优模型对其进行了气动优化。研究结果表明,该回归优化模型可以在较少的迭代步数内获得全局最优解,优化速度比传统代理模型具有显著的提升,优化精度与CFD仿真结果相当。优化后的扩压器能够在保证离心压气机压比基本不变的条件下,峰值效率提高1.03%,稳定裕度提高4.79%,对优化后扩压器内部流动进行了分析,讨论了不同设计参数对离心压气机的影响,为离心压气机扩压器设计提供了指导。     

高速离心风机叶片扩压器前缘倾角对其性能影响的实验研究

本文对一高速离心风机中扩压器与叶轮匹配时的气动性能进行了试验研究,主要研究了扩压器前缘不同倾角对其性能的影响.结果表明,扩压器倾角变化对性能有明显的影响;当负倾角在一定范围内时,扩压器的压升在小流量下略高于原始扩压器,而大流量下明显高于原始扩压器.另外,正倾角扩压器的性能曲线具有相交于一固定点的特征.因此,具有合适前缘倾角的扩压器可以改善风机性能.     

涡轮流场影响端壁气膜冷却的实验研究

采用压力敏感漆技术对高压涡轮动叶平面叶栅端壁气膜冷却特性进行了实验研究,对比分析了气膜冷却射流吹风比和叶栅进口主流雷诺数对端壁气膜有效度分布的影响.实验中主流雷诺数分别为164476、226154、308392和359790,各主流雷诺数下气膜射流吹风比变化范围从0.4到1.4.端壁前缘气膜孔吹气角为45°,其余端壁气...     

叶片扩压器对离心压气机整机性能影响的实验及数值研究

以一高压比离心压气机级为研究对象,设计制造了三种不同的扩压器,采用实验和数值方法研究了扩压器进口安装角和叶片型线对级性能的影响。结果表明,扩压器进口安装角减小时,性能曲线向小流量区移动,最高效率和压比降低。采用低稠度机翼形扩压器时,级工况范围稍有扩展,但效率和压比显著降低。流场分析显示,进口安装角减小时,扩压器凸面流动分离区扩大,堵塞流道且增大损失。采用低稠度机翼形扩压器时,扩压器内更容易产生大尺度分离涡。     

附面层抽气扩压器实验研究

 针对气动和化学激光器现有超声速扩压器的不足，提出一种新型式的扩压器——附面层抽气扩压器。以常温空气为介质，通过改变扩压器附面层抽吸能力、混合室隔板长度、扩压器出口反压及主进气流量等条件进行试验。结果表明：该型式扩压器在一定条件下可以有效隔离光腔流场，改善壁面压力分布，且其长度尺寸可比常规扩压器缩短约25％。     

离心压气机楔形扩压器设计及改进方法研究

本文针对一总压比为11,质量流量为2.98kg/s的单级离心压气机进行了设计.其中扩压器为楔形扩压器,蜗壳为圆截面对称结构。通过数值计算得到其性能曲线和流场分布,探究了楔形扩压器进口安装角对压气机性能的影响,并对其叶型进行改进设计,最后为其匹配蜗壳得到整级的性能曲线.结果表明采用较大的正冲角、曲线轮廓楔形扩压器性能较高,改进完成后整级等熵效率为81.04%,压比为12.73.     

化学激光器扩压器启动特性研究

为实现化学激光器的高速、低压尾气排入背压环境,需开展扩压器的启动特性研究。建立扩压器的仿真分析模型,根据激光器的实际工作需求,进行了扩压器总压11 kPa时的流场仿真,得到了不同背压情况下扩压器启动过程的流场,并提出扩压器逐级启动的工作方式。仿真结果显示,采用逐级启动的工作方式,扩压器以总压13 kPa启动直排入8 kPa的背景,流动稳定后将扩压器总压回调至11 kPa,实现了扩压器的正常启动。依托现有的激光器试车台进行了扩压器逐级启动的试验验证工作。试验结果表明,该种启动方式能够实现扩压器工作能力的提高。     

光腔与扩压器化学反应流场优化数值模拟

氧碘化学激光器(COIL)在化学反应条件下,由于光腔及扩压器的气流通道内存在残余化学反应放热,从而导致"热堵"现象发生,影响了扩压器的正常启动及光腔内超声速流场的流动品质。采用数值模拟方法对COIL光腔与超声速扩压器流道内的化学反应流场进行研究,对超声速扩压器插入段的长度、楔形体的数量级扩散段长度对化学反应流场的影响进行研究。数值模拟结果表明:通过优化插入段及楔形体长度、取消扩压器侧壁的半楔形体,改善了因化学反应放热对光腔及扩压器流场造成的不利影响。优化后,光腔内的流动不再受气流分离产生的斜激波的影响,扩压器二喉道内的分离现象消失,扩压器壁面的分离区减小,出口流动更加均匀,"热堵塞"现象消失。化学反应条件下的气流总压损失比冷流时提高约15%,光腔与扩压器的总压恢复系数为0.426,进出口的静压比为3.75,比优化前提高了约25%。     

Numerical simulation of the flow with a pseudo-shock in an axisymmetric expanding duct with a frontal inlet

The results of the numerical modeling of a flow with a pseudo-shock in an axisymmetric duct are presented. The duct included a frontal inlet with the initial funnel-shaped compression part and the cylindrical throat part as well as the subsequent expanding diffuser. To create a flow with a pseudo-shock, the duct was throttled with the use of the outlet converging insert. Numerical computations of the axisymmetric flow have been conducted on the basis of the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier?Stokes equations and with the use of the k-ω SST turbulence model. As a result of computations, such parameters of the flow were determined as the location of the beginning of the pseudo-shock, the length of its supersonic part, the velocity profiles in different cross sections of the pseudo-shock, the pressure distribution on the duct wall, the total pressure recovery factor, and others. The behavior of these parameters at the freestream Mach number М = 6 was analyzed versus the diffuser opening angle and different degree of the inlet duct throttling.     

扩压器几何参数对离心风机噪声的影响

本文试验研究了扩压器几何参数对一高速离心风机的噪声的影响。扩压器的几何参数包括叶片数、叶轮与扩压器的径向间隙和倾斜前缘倾角以及它们的耦合作用对风机噪声的影响。试验结果表明:(1)风机A声级噪声随扩压器叶片数增加而下降,但气动性能也随之下降;(2)扩压器前缘半径从R_3/R_2=1.03增加到1.07,在设计点风机A声级噪声降了约3 dB(A),继续增大至1.09则基本不变;(3)适当倾斜扩压器前缘可有效降低风机噪声,在设计点30°倾角扩压器相应的风机A声级噪声下降了约3.6 dB(A);(4)倾斜扩压器前缘与增大径向间隙的降噪效果不能叠加。     

Detection of separation in S-duct diffusers using shear sensitive liquid crystals

In the present experimental investigation, shear sensitive liquid crystals have been successfully used to study the flow characteristics and detect separation in two-dimensional Sduct diffusers of different curvatures. Tapered-fin vortex generators in two different orientations were used to control flow separation that was observed on one of the curved walls of the diffuser. The results were verified by conventional oil flow visualization technique and excellent agreement was observed. In addition to visualization, detailed measurements that included wall static pressure, skin friction, diffuser exit total pressure and velocity distributions were taken in a uniform inlet flow with Reynolds number of 3.49 × 10⁵. These results are presented here in terms of skin friction distribution, distortion and total pressure loss coefficients. The extent of the separation zone (in terms of intensity of red distribution) in the diffuser with and without vortex generators (in both configurations) compared well with the Preston tube measurements. The present study demonstrates that shear sensitive liquid crystals can be efficiently used to study the flow physics in complex internal flows. In addition, the results also indicate that shear sensitive liquid crystals can be effectively used not only as flow visualization tool but also to gain quantitative information about the flow field in internal flows.     

Characteristics of a magnetogasdynamic diffuser under different modes of electric current switching

This paper elaborates upon a previous investigation into the influence of external electric and magnetic fields on a flow through a supersonic diffuser. The aim of the present study is to correlate a change in the configuration of a shock wave emerging near the diffuser inlet at magnetohydrodynamic interaction with the amount of force and energy actions and with total pressure losses. For this purpose, the main parameters of the shock wave structure and the total pressure are measured at the diffuser outlet when the flow is subjected to magnetic and electric fields of various strengths at different routes of current passage. In the experiments, a shock tube with a supersonic nozzle is employed. The shock tube forms a flow behind the shock wave reflecting from the end of the tube, which terminates in the nozzle. The diffuser is located directly downstream of the nozzle. The investigation is carried out in xenon. The flow is subjected to external fields at the inlet of the diffuser. The shock wave structure is visualized by frame sweeping of Schlieren patterns of the flow. The total pressure is measured with a piezoelectric transducer located at the end of the channel. The results obtained make it possible to optimize the action on the flow in terms of power consumption and total pressure losses for a given design of the diffuser.