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本文研究了催化剂的种类和用量对硅烯醚型引发剂引发的基团转移聚合的影响。发现四丁基二苯甲酸氢铵(Bu_4NH(C_6H_5CO_2)_2,TBABB)和HsI_2的催化效果较好。只需引发剂的4%的HgI_2即可使MMA的基团转移聚合达到完全转化。认为有效的氧负离子催化剂应由较稳定的铵正离子和电负性较大的氧负离子所组成。过量的催化剂不利于基团转移聚合的进行。考察了TBABB催化剂对温度的依赖性及其浓度对聚合速率,分子量和分子量分布,转化率的影响。 相似文献
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基团转移聚合是20世纪80年代继活性阴离子聚合之后由杜邦公司所开发的一种针对丙烯酸衍生类单体的活性聚合方法.其中,丙烯酸衍生类单体主要包括丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺及丙烯腈四大类.基团转移聚合中的链引发与链增长基元反应均为向山-迈克尔加成反应.因此,反应原理上而言碱和酸均可成为该聚合反应的催化剂.在有机小分子催化剂被应用于该聚合方法之前,所用的碱为含立体位阻阳离子的可溶性离子化合物,其中亲核性的阴离子起到催化剂的作用;所用的酸为具有路易斯酸性的金属或过渡金属化合物.2007年以来,有机小分子碱和酸逐渐被应用于基团转移聚合的催化剂,并把该类聚合称为有机催化基团转移聚合.相较于以往的基团转移聚合,有机催化基团转移聚合在聚合物分子量及分子量分布控制、可聚单体的范围、聚合物拓扑结构的控制等方面都有了全新的拓展.本综述主要围绕我们近年来在该领域的工作,从有机强碱催化的基团转移聚合、有机强酸催化的基团转移聚合、基于氢硅烷的新型有机催化基团转移聚合以及聚合机理4个方面对有机催化基团转移聚合领域的最新进展进行论述. 相似文献
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<正> 基团转移聚合的主要优点是能在室温下进行甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和丙烯腈等极性单体的控制聚合,得到实测分子量和理论分子量相近的、多分散指数较小的聚合物。对于每一种新发现的引发剂和催化剂组成的引发-催化体系,亦是在高转化率的前提下,视其实测分子量和理论分子量的相符程度和多分散指数的大小而评判其优劣。目前已报道的有关控制分子量及多分散指数的工作,大多限于研究催化剂含量的影响。而反应条 相似文献
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用双官能团引发剂进行的基团转移嵌段共聚研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文用二种双官能团引发剂进行基团转移嵌段共聚研究,得到了一系列实测分子量和理论分子量相近、分子量分布较窄的A-B-A型嵌段共聚物。用GPC、~1H-NMR、DSC等手段对嵌段共聚物进行了表征,证明确是两相嵌段共聚丙烯酸酯。发现位阻较大的单体作为第二单体时不利于聚合。过高的催化剂用量使嵌段共聚的总转化率降低。使用极性较大的溶剂可缩短第一步聚合的诱导期,但不影响第二步聚合的诱导期,即极性较大的溶剂有利于催化剂的离解。单体浓度增大使共聚物的分子量减小,多分散性指数增大。可通过单体投料比改变共聚物的热形变温度。 相似文献
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双官能团引发剂进行的基团转移嵌段共聚 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
嵌段共聚物的合成技术有较大的可靠性和预见性,并可提供别的聚合物所不能达到的特殊性能。用基团转移聚合的方法进行丙烯酸酯类极性单体室温下的活性聚合,能得到具有预定链长、嵌段纯度和多分散性指数小的嵌段共聚物。用双官能团引发剂进行基团转移嵌段共聚,可减少加单体的次数,避免引进杂质,且能合成用单官能团引发剂所无法得到的A—B— 相似文献
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在催化剂溴化锌存在下 ,三苯基膦和三甲基氯硅烷用于直接引发丙烯酸乙酯的基团转移聚合 ,得到了含三苯基膦端基的聚丙烯酸乙酯 ,在这样的聚合系统中能容易地实施丙烯酸乙酯的基团转移聚合反应。动力学研究发现 :终止反应在很大程度上取决于催化剂溴化锌的浓度 ,因此 ,在此基团转移聚合反应中催化剂溴化锌的最有效浓度是丙烯酸乙酯的摩尔浓度的 12~ 16%。由于四价的三苯膦基团引入到所生成的烯酮硅基缩醛 (引发剂 )上 ,聚合的终止反应主要是经过膦叶立德中间体 ,活性端基烯酮硅基缩醛异构化成为无基团转移聚合活性的含碳硅键化合物。 相似文献
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合成了一种基团转移聚合(GTP)的新引发剂:3-乙氧基-3-三甲基硅氧基丙烯腈(ETSAN),合成在室温下进行且原料简单.用IR、MS、1HNMR及13CNMR方法对新引发剂进行了测定.ETSAN可引发丙烯腈发生暴聚反应,也能使丙烯酸酯类单体快速聚合.此外,分析了GTP引发剂及活性链遇水易分解的特性,解释了GTP反应速度快与试剂纯度要求高的内在联系,给出了用ETSAN引发丙烯腈和丙烯酸酯的GTP过程反应式。 相似文献
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甲基丙烯酸酯的基团转移嵌段共聚研究戴李宗邹友思陈良坦潘容华(厦门大学化学系厦门361005)关键词基团转移聚合,甲基丙烯酸酯,嵌段共聚物,结构表征基团转移聚合[1](GroupTransferPolymerization,GTP)具有活性聚合的特点... 相似文献
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A novel group transfer polymerization via hetero-Diels-Alder reaction is described. When 1-trimethylsiloxybenzocyclobutene ( 1 ) was treated with a catalytic amount of p-anisaldehyde (4-methoxybenzaldehyde) and TASF (tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilanide) at room temperature for 0.5 h, poly[1,2-phenylene-1-(trimethylsiloxy)ethylene] was obtained quantitatively. The number-average molecular weight of the polymer was M̄n = 2000 and the molecular weight distribution was narrow (ratio of weight-to number-average molecular weights M̄w/M̄n = 1.18). Structural characteristics suggested a polymerization mechanism involving isomerization of 1 to o-quinodimethane and successive hetero-Diels-Alder reaction leading to poly[1,2-phenylene-1-trimethylsiloxy ethylene]. The living-like nature of the polymerization was supported by a monomer addition experiment in which the molecular weight increased according to the increase of the added monomer. 相似文献
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The group transfer polymerization (GTP) of n-butyl acrylate (nBuA) using 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-methyl-1-propene (MTS) as an initiator, mercuric iodide (HgI2) as a catalyst in toluene at room temperature gives a very good control of molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. (M̄w/M̄n < 1.2). Kinetic studies in this system reveal that this reaction is rather slow, half-lives being in the range of hours. The kinetic order of the apparent rate constant of propagation with respect to initiator and catalyst concentrations were found to be near to unity. However, the first-order time-conversion plots exhibit considerable induction periods. Upon addition of trimethylsilyl iodide (TMSI) the induction periods vanish and the rates are increased by two orders of magnitude. The reaction is first-order with respect to TMSI indicating that it takes part in the reaction by activating the catalyst. The complex from HgI2 and TMSI acts as a nucleophilic catalyst, similar to oxyanions in the GTP of MMA in THF. It is proposed that the induction periods are due to the formation of TMSI from MTS and HgI2. 相似文献
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G. Lieser G. Schwarz H. R. Kricheldorf 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1983,21(9):1599-1609
Poly(4-hydroxybenzoate) was prepared from 4-acetoxybenzoic acid, 4-pivaloyloxybenzoic acid, and 4-trimethylsiloxy benzoyl chloride by condensation without the addition of a catalyst. Although various reaction conditions were used the products were always crystalline. The morphology of the as-polymerized crystals has been studied by transmission electron microscopy as a function of molecular weight and end-group type. It was possible to detect morphological features during the course of reaction from oligomers to polymer which enabled us to determine the mechanisms that are likely to control chain growth for different regimes of polymerization kinetics. 相似文献
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Recent studies have shown that poly(vinylphosphonate)s are readily accessible by rare earth metal‐mediated group transfer polymerization (GTP). This article highlights the progress in this new field and advantages of GTP in comparison to classical anionic and radical polymerization approaches. Late lanthanide metallocenes proved to be efficient initiators and highly active catalysts for vinylphosphonate polymerization yielding polymers of precise molecular weight and low polydispersity. Using this method, our group has developed a surface‐initiated GTP to prepare poly(vinylphosphonate) brushes. In combination with different ester cleavage strategies, rare earth metal‐mediated GTP is an efficient way to create well‐defined high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinylphosphonic acid). 相似文献