去甲斑蝥素-甘氨酸-取代苯胺硫脲的设计与合成及抗惊厥活性

癫痫是一种常见的神经系统疾病,它是脑神经元异常放电所致的突然、反复和短暂的中枢神经系统功能失常的慢性疾病和综合征.据流行病学调查,世界上大约有4千万到5千万人遭受癫痫疾病的折磨~([1]).我国目前癫痫患者人数有将近900万人之多,且每年有新发病例约40万.     

3D-ASL灌注成像与静息态功能MRI在癫痫诊断及鉴别中的价值

选取123例癫痫患者作为研究组,同期69例健康体检者作为对照组,均行三维动脉自旋标记技术(3D-ASL)灌注成像与静息态功能MRI(rs-FMRI)检查,研究二者在癫痫病诊断及鉴别中的价值。结果发现,研究组全面发作脑血流量(CBF)、低频振幅(ALFF)<部分发作和对照组,全面发作血清脑源性神经细胞营养因子(BDNF)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平、认知功能(MMSE)评分<部分发作<对照组,血清神经肽Y(NPY)>部分发作>对照组(P<0.05),且癫痫患者CBF、ALFF与BDNF、IGF-1、MMSE呈正相关,与NPY呈负相关。CBF与ALFF联合在诊断癫痫发作、鉴别不同癫痫发作类型方面均具有较高应用价值。说明3D-ASL灌注成像及rs-FMRI在癫痫发作诊断及鉴别不同癫痫发作类型方面应用价值较高。     

rfMRI在首发原发性癫痫患者治疗效果评估中的应用

本文探讨了静息态功能磁共振成像(rfMRI)在首发原发性癫痫患者治疗效果评价中的应用。选取在2017年8月～2018年8月期间来我院诊治的首发原发性癫痫患者62例(观察组)和同期的健康志愿者(对照组)62例进行研究。两组受试者均进行rfMRI检查,观察组患者在进行为期3个月的药物治疗后再次行rfMRI检查。之后计算每例受试者的全脑比率低频振幅(fALFF)值,同时将观察组治疗前后的数据分别与对照组进行比较。结果显示,在治疗前,观察组患者的双侧丘脑、双侧后扣带回、左侧角会及左侧顶下小叶的fALFF值显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组的双侧前额叶及双侧前扣带回的fALFF值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。在治疗后,与对照组相比,观察组双侧丘脑的异常激活脑区消失,双侧后扣带回、左侧角回的异常激活脑区的范围减少,然而左侧顶下小叶激活脑区的范围变大(P0.05);观察组在治疗后,双侧额叶、双侧楔前叶及左侧楔叶的fALFF值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可知,rfMRI结合fALFF可以有效观察首发原发性癫痫患者在治疗前后的脑功能变化情况,同时也为临床药物治疗癫痫的疗效评估提供了参考。     

卒中后癫痫的静息态脑功能磁共振成像研究

本文探讨了静息态脑功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)检查在评价卒中后癫痫患者静息态脑功能改变中的应用价值。选择2017年5月~2019年5月我院收治的80例卒中后癫痫患者作为观察组,另选择同期健康体检者53例作为对照组。两组均完成rs-fMRI检查,采集相关数据,计算并比较两组被试全脑低频振幅(ALFF)值。分别以大脑(小脑)ALFF差异区作为种子区,计算并比较其与小脑(大脑)所有体素之间静息态功能连接(rsFC)。与对照组比较,卒中后癫痫患者右侧楔前叶、左侧额中回的ALFF明显升高,而右侧海马、右侧小脑脚2区、左侧小脑4/5区的ALFF明显降低(P<0.05)。以各大脑ALFF差异区(右侧海马、右侧楔前叶、左侧额中回)作为种子区域,卒中后癫痫患者依次对应在左侧小脑8区、右侧小脑4/5区的rsFC值明显升高(P<0.05);以各小脑ALFF差异区(右侧小脑脚2区、左侧小脑4/5区)作为种子区域,卒中后癫痫患者依次对应在左侧额下回、右侧颞中回的rsFC值明显降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,卒中后癫痫患者大脑和小脑之间多个脑区功能连通性发生改变,rs-fMRI检查可客观评价患者静息态脑功能变化,为患者的临床诊疗及预后评估提供影像学依据。     

脑电图监测对额叶癫痫发作性患者的早期诊断及术中辅助定位价值研究

癫痫的早期诊断对预后恢复具有重要意义,因此本文对脑电图在癫痫患者术前诊断和辅助手术治疗方面的应用价值进行了综合性探究。选择经临床确诊为额叶癫痫的60例患者作为研究对象进行回顾性研究,术前、术后分别通过头颅核磁共振和脑电图对患者进行检查,比较两种检测方法的灵敏度、特异度和准确率。经研究发现,脑电图与MRI检查相比,其诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率更高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑电图术前定位与术中定位的一致率较高,差异显著(P<0.05);脑电图检查结果与MRI一致性较好;采用脑电图跟踪监测的手术治疗有效率为97.14%。综上所述,EEG在癫痫的早期诊断及辅助手术治疗方面具有较高的应用价值,是一种可靠、便捷的诊断方法。     

3D-ASL灌注成像和血清Hcy、NPY水平与癫痫患者病情及认知功能的相关性探究

选取我院108例癫痫发作患者作为研究组,同期82例健康体检者设为对照组,均接受3D-ASL灌注成像检查和血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、神经肽(NPY)水平检测。结果发现,研究组患者平均脑血流量(CBF)和简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分低于对照组,血清Hcy、NPY水平高于对照组(P<0.05);癫痫发作患者CBF、Hcy、NPY与发作类型、脑电图特征存在一定相关性(P<0.05);患者病程、发作频率、发作类型、痫性放电、发作持续时间、用药种类、癫痫持续状态史、受教育程度、Hcy、NPY、CBF均是癫痫认知障碍的重要影响因素(P<0.05)。可见,早期共同检测3D-ASL灌注成像、血清Hcy、NPY,可为癫痫的临床诊治、病情程度评估、预后改善提供循证指导。     

空气中甲醛净化剂的研制及性能研究

挥发游离在空气中的甲醛是一种无色、易溶于水的刺激性气体,被世界卫生组织确定为可疑致癌和致畸形物质.甲醛可经呼吸道被人体吸收,主要表现为嗅觉异常、刺激、过敏、肺功能异常、肝功能异常、免疫功能异常等方面.     

微量元素与癫痫(3)

癫痫是神经系统疾病中仅次于脑血管病的第二大病症。我国目前约有850万癫痫患者,每年新发40万人,给个人、家庭和社会带来了严重的负面影响。从癫痫流行病学、危险因素、微量元素失衡、微量元素再分布及微量元素脑影像学五个方面阐述了微量元素与癫痫的关系。     

微量元素与癫痫(4)

癫痫是神经系统疾病中仅次于脑血管病的第二大病症。我国目前约有850万癫痫患者,每年新发40万人,给个人、家庭和社会带来了严重的负面影响。从癫痫流行病学、危险因素、微量元素失衡、微量元素再分布及微量元素脑影像学五个方面阐述了微量元素与癫痫的关系。     

微量元素与癫痫(1)

癫痫是神经系统疾病中仅次于脑血管病的第二大病症。我国目前约有850万癫痫患者,每年新发40万人,给个人、家庭和社会带来了严重的负面影响。从癫痫流行病学、危险因素、微量元素失衡、微量元素再分布及微量元素脑影像学五个方面阐述了微量元素与癫痫的关系。     

白石湖煤液化粗油加氢精制过程硫、氮化合物转化规律

采用实沸点蒸馏仪对白石湖煤液化油进行馏分切割,切取<170℃液化粗油进行加氢精制脱除其中硫、氮化合物,采用硫化学发光气相色谱仪（GC-SCD）、氮化学发光气相色谱仪（GC-NCD）对液化粗油和精制油中硫、氮化合物进行分析表征,研究加氢精制过程硫、氮化合物的转化规律。结果表明,液化粗油中含硫化合物主要是噻吩类化合物和硫醇,经过加氢精制后基本消失,苯并噻酚类化合物脱除比例要低于噻吩类化合物,属于较难脱除含硫化合物。液化粗油中含氮化合物主要是苯胺类化合物,其次是吲哚类化合物,经过加氢精制吲哚类化合物全被脱除,苯胺和喹啉类化合物属于碱性含氮化合物,是精制油中残留的主要含氮化合物,含量达1.61 mg/kg。     

Hydrous pyrolysis of organic sulfur compounds: Species and distribution of secondary derivatives

The species and distributions of secondary compounds generated from eight organic sulfur compounds by way of hydrous pyrolysis were investigated. The results indicate that the formation of the secondary compounds and their structures and distribution depend on their thermal stability and the types of initial model compounds, as well as hydrous pyrolysis temperatures, while a large number and higher abundance of the secondary compounds appear to be formed mainly between 200 and 270 °C. Assignment of these secondary compounds indicates that alkyl thiols and sulfides are the most reactive compounds, producing a large number and relatively high amount of secondary organic thiols, sulfides, disulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones; while the secondary compounds generated from the thiophenic compounds are mainly low abundant methylated isomers of their own. Disulfidization, sulfidization and oxidation are the most significant mechanism(s) associated with the transformation of the initial thiols and sulfides model compounds. Alkyl thiophenes are only found to be formed from the alkyl thiol and sulfides, while it is noticed that thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene are not genetically connected as they are not precursors of each other. Methylated thiophenic compounds are quantitatively insignificant but commonly present in the pyrolysates of thiophenes, benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes.     

Statistics of the Popularity of Chemical Compounds in Relation to the Non-Target Analysis

The idea of popularity/abundance of chemical compounds is widely used in non-target chemical analysis involving environmental studies. To have a clear quantitative basis for this idea, frequency distributions of chemical compounds over indicators of their popularity/abundance are obtained and discussed. Popularity indicators are the number of information sources, the number of chemical vendors, counts of data records, and other variables assessed from two large databases, namely ChemSpider and PubChem. Distributions are approximated by power functions, special cases of Zipf distributions, which are characteristic of the results of human/social activity. Relatively small group of the most popular compounds has been denoted, conventionally accounting for a few percent (several million) of compounds. These compounds are most often explored in scientific research and are practically used. Accordingly, popular compounds have been taken into account as first analyte candidates for identification in non-target analysis.     

Virtual screening and library enumeration of new hydroxycinnamates based antioxidant compounds: A complete framework

Designing of molecules for drugs is important topic from many decades. The search of new drugs is very hard, and it is expensive process. Computer assisted framework can provide the fastest way to design and screen drug-like compounds. In present work, a multidimensional approach is introduced for the designing and screening of antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants play a crucial role in ensuring that the body's oxidizing and reducing species are kept in the proper balance, minimizing oxidative stress. Machine learning models are used to predict antioxidant activity. Three hydroxycinnamates are selected as standard antioxidants. Similar compounds are searched from ChEMBL database using chemical structural similarity method. The libraries of new compounds are generated using evolutionary method. New compounds are also designed using automatic decomposition and construction building blocks. The antioxidant activity of all designed and searched compounds is predicted using machine learning models. The chemical space of searched and generated compounds is envisioned using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) method. Best compounds are shortlisted, and their synthetic accessibility is predicted to further facilitate the experimental chemists. The chemical similarity between standard and selected compounds is also studied using fingerprints and heatmap.     

Agostic bonds in cyclometalation

Cyclometalation reactions proceed very easily with one step reaction between metal compounds and substrates having a heteroatom such as O, S, N, P and As. However, under mild reaction conditions, many agostic compounds which are intermediates in these cyclometalation reactions, can be isolated. The metal compounds used for the formation of these agostic intermediates are both transition metal and main group metal compounds. The substrates are nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, oxygen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds. These agostic intermediates are mainly δ-C-H agostic compounds, some are γ-C-H agostic compounds and very few are ?-C-H-agostic compounds. The agostic intermediates are prepared, usually, under mild reaction conditions in the cyclometalation reaction. These agostic compounds are also prepared from cyclometalation reaction products, e.g., by the protonation, irradiation, and elimination of ligand molecules by vacuum, inert gas current, dehydration with a molecular sieves 4A, etc. Some agostic compounds are utilized for preparation of stable catalysts, e.g., hydrogenation catalysts.     

三脚架结构化合物及其配合物研究进展

本文按三脚架结构化合物中心部分构成的不同。分四类对配体及其配合物的结构,性能进行了介绍。（1）以环为中心的三脚架结构化合物;（2）以氮原子为中心的三脚架结构化合物;（3）以碳原子为中心的三脚架结构化合物;（4）以硼原子及磷原子为中心的三脚架结构化合物。     

具有生理活性的含氧、氮、硫杂原子螺环化合物的研究进展

综述了近年来部分具有生理活性螺环化合物的研究进展, 重点介绍了这类化合物的结构特征、生理活性和部分化合物的合成方法. 展望了该类螺环化合物的应用前景.     

Reactions of some diazoazoles with reactive methylene and other groups

Reactions of some heteroaromatic diazo compounds with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, amines and thiophenol to give bi- and tricyclic heterocycles are studied. Decomposition of heterocyclic diazo compounds, triazenes and related compounds are investigated.     

芴取代的有机膦化合物的合成及发光性能

合成了以芴为取代基，P原子为核的一类新型有机膦化合物．此类化合物的HOMO值在-5．35～-5．24eV之间．在二氯甲烷中的最大紫外吸收光谱峰值在313～351nm之间，荧光光谱峰值在334～397nm之间．利用此类小分子与纯聚芴进行掺杂，制作了有机电致发光器件．低HOMO值有机膦化合物的引入有效地降低了聚芴发光器件的开启电压，提高了器件的发光效率．     

Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of food taints and off-flavors

Selected food taints and off flavors, for which solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been used as a method for volatiles isolation, are the subject of review. Compounds responsible for musty and earthy odor off-flavors and taints in foods are discussed. This group contains haloanisoles, geosmin, and methylisoborneol. Chlorophenols are discussed as precursors of chloroanisoles and compounds impairing the flavor of food. Also described are volatile phenolic compounds responsible for medicinal off flavors, mainly ethyl phenols and vinyl phenols. Sulfur compounds that contribute to off-flavor are also discussed. Finally, a group of volatile compounds being the products of lipid oxidation are summarized. A short review of the formation, occurrence, and information on odor properties of all of these groups of compounds is given. Examples of SPME use for the analysis of compounds belonging to all described groups are shown. Elaboration of method parameters, fiber selection, experimental conditions, and quantitation of compounds are subjects of interest. Also, applications of SPME as a method for introduction of volatiles in mechanical olfaction technologies are shortly outlined.