表面氢化双层硅烯的结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)广义梯度近似GGA和HSB06方法研究了氢化双层硅烯(silicene)的结构和电子性质, 结果表明: 氢化后的双层硅烯可能存在三种稳定的构型, AA椅型、AB椅型和AA船型, 其中AA椅型和AB椅型结构最为稳定, 氢化后这三种稳定构型材料的性质由零带隙的半金属(semimetal)转变为禁带宽度分别为1.208, 1.437和1.111 eV 的间接带隙的半导体, 采用混合泛函HSB06计算修正得到的带隙分别为1.595, 1.785 和1.592 eV. 进一步分析了在双轴应变下氢化双层硅烯的带隙随应变的关系, 得到应变可以连续的调节材料的带隙宽度, 这些性质有可能应用于未来的纳米电子器件.     

碳和氧掺杂紫磷烯作为双极磁性半导体材料的理论预测

紫磷烯是一种结构稳定且具有优异光电特性的新型二维材料,研究掺杂效应有助于理解其物理本质,对进一步开发纳米电子器件具有重要意义.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了非金属元素B,C,N,O掺杂单层紫磷烯的电磁性质.计算结果表明,B和N掺杂之后没有产生磁性,体系依旧表现为非磁性半导体;而C和O掺杂导致体系发生自旋劈裂,紫磷烯由非磁性半导体转变成为双极磁性半导体,其自旋密度主要分布在磷原子和间隙区域内而非杂原子上.电场调控氧掺杂紫磷烯可使其载流子的自旋极化方向发生反转,当施加一定大小的正向或反向的静电场时,能带色散程度变强,氧掺杂紫磷烯转变成100%自旋极化向下或向上的单自旋半金属磁体.基于氧掺杂紫磷烯材料设计的场效应自旋滤通器可利用改变门电压方向的方法实现电流自旋极化方向的反转,表明氧掺杂紫磷烯有望成为二维自旋场效应晶体管、双极磁性自旋电子学器件、双通道场效应自旋滤通器以及场效应自旋阀的理想候选材料.     

过渡金属原子X(X=Mn,Tc,Re)掺杂二维WS2第一性原理研究

二维材料由于具有独特的电子结构和量子效应、丰富的可调控特性而受到凝聚态物理和材料科学的广泛关注,其中通过过渡金属掺杂二维WS2形成的半金属铁磁性材料在自旋电子学领域中发挥着重要的作用.采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法计算了过渡金属原子X (X=Mn, Tc, Re)掺杂二维WS~2的电子结构、磁性和光学性质.研究表明:被过渡金属原子X掺杂的WS~2体系在S-rich条件下比在W-rich条件下更稳定.在Mn掺杂后,自旋向上通道中出现杂质能级,导致WS~2体系从自旋向上和自旋向下态密度完全对称的非磁性半导体转变为磁矩1.001μB的铁磁性半金属.在Tc, Re掺杂后,体系均转变为非磁性N型半导体.所有掺杂体系杂质态均发生自旋劈裂现象,且自旋劈裂程度逐渐减小.同时发现Mn, Tc, Re掺杂后,表现出优异的光学性质,它们的介电常数和折射系数与未掺杂WS~2的体系相比明显增强,吸收系数在低能量区域(0—2.0 eV)均出现红移现象.     

门电压控制的硅烯量子线中电子输运性质

硅烯是由单层硅原子形成的二维蜂窝状晶格结构,具有石墨烯类似的电学性质,由于硅烯中存在比较强的自旋轨道耦合而备受关注.本文利用非平衡格林函数方法研究了门电压控制的硅烯量子线中电子输运性质和能带结构.研究发现,只有在较强的门电压下,而且硅烯量子线具有较好的锯齿形或扶手椅形边界而不存在额外硅原子时,硅烯量子线中才存在无能隙的自旋极化边缘态.另外,计算结果表明这种门电压控制的硅烯量子线中边缘态在每个能谷处自旋是极化的.这些计算结果将为实验上利用电场制作硅烯纳米结构提供理论支持.     

Mn掺杂LiZnN新型稀磁半导体磁电性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,对纯LiZnN、Mn掺杂LiZnN及Li不足和过量时Mn掺杂LiZnN体系进行几何结构优化,分析体系的电子结构、半金属性和磁电性质.结果表明,Mn的掺入使体系产生自旋极化杂质带,自旋极化率为100%,表现出半金属铁磁性,且形成较强的Mn-N共价键.当Li不足时,Mn-N键的共价性最强,键长变短,体系半金属性明显增强,形成能最低,结构最稳定.Li过量时,体系半金属性消失,表现为金属性,杂质带宽度增大,体系导电能力增强.表明Mn掺杂LiZnN新型稀磁半导体可以通过Mn的掺入和改变Li的含量来实现磁性和电性的分离调控.掺杂体系的基态均为铁磁性,其净磁矩主要由Mn原子贡献,通过海森堡模型计算发现,Li空位可以有效提高体系的居里温度.     

Cr掺杂BaTiO3中的高自旋极化半金属态

具有高自旋极化率的半金属材料是一类极具应用前景的自旋电子材料.立方BaCrO3具有非常稳定的半金属性,而四方BaTiO3则是一种多功能绝缘体.因此,本研究采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法,探究BaTi1-xCrxO3(x=0,0.125,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)体系中Cr、Ti互掺导致的晶体结构和电子结构的变化.研究表明,Cr离子的掺杂会使体系发生四方相到立方相结构相变;同时,受Cr-Ti轨道杂化的影响,体系存在绝缘态-半金属态转变.此外,Cr掺杂调控了体系的磁性,掺入的Cr离子表现为+4价态,提供2μB的局域磁矩.最后,本文构建了d-p杂化分子轨道模型,基本解释了体系半金属性的产生机制.本研究预测了BaTi1-xCrxO3体系中丰富的物理性质,为其在自旋电子器件方面的应用提供了理论指导.     

3d过渡金属Co掺杂核壳结构硅纳米线的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了横截面为五边形和六边形的核壳结构硅纳米线的过渡金属Co原子替代掺杂.通过比较形成能发现,核心位置掺杂、壳层单链掺杂以及外壳层全替代掺杂的硅纳米线都具有稳定性,其中核心位置掺杂结构的稳定性最高.掺杂体系均呈现金属性,随着掺杂浓度的增加,电导通道数增加.Co原子掺杂的硅纳米线呈现铁磁性,具有磁矩.Bader电荷分析表明,电荷从Si原子转移至过渡金属Co原子.与自由态时过渡金属Co原子的磁矩相比,体系中Co原子的磁矩有所降低,这主要是由Co原子4s轨道向3d/4p轨道的电荷转移以及4s,3d,4p的上自旋电子转移至下自旋导致的.     

Mn掺杂GaN电子结构和光学性质研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势法计算不同Mn浓度掺杂GaN晶体的电子结构和光学性质.计算结果表明Mn掺杂GaN使得Mn 3d与N 2p轨道杂化,产生自旋极化杂质带,材料表现为半金属性,非常适于自旋注入,说明该种材料是实现自旋电子器件的理想材料,折射率在带隙处出现峰值,紫外区光吸收系数随Mn浓度的增加而增大. 关键词： Mn掺杂GaN 第一性原理 电子结构 光学性质     

Mn掺杂对半金属铁磁体Fe_2Si电磁特性的影响

此文用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的贋势平面波方法,计算了Fe_2Si及Mn掺杂Fe_2Si体系的能带结构、电子态密度和磁学特性,分析了不同位置Mn掺杂对Fe_2Si电磁特性的影响,获得了纯的和不同位置Mn掺杂的Fe_2Si体系是铁磁体,自旋向上的能带结构穿过费米面表现金属特性,纯Fe_2Si的半金属隙为0.164e V;Mn掺杂在Fe1位时,自旋向下部分转变为A-M间的间接带隙半导体,体系呈现半金属特性,此时磁矩为2.00μB,是真正的半金属性铁磁体;掺杂在Fe2位时,自旋向下部分的带隙值接近于0,体系呈现金属特性;掺杂在Fe3位时,自旋向下部分转变为L-L间的直接带隙半导体,体系呈现半金属特性等有益结果 .自旋电荷密度分布图表明Mn原子的3d电子比较局域,和周围原子成键时3d电子更倾向于形成共价键.体系的半金属性和磁性主要来源于Fe-3d电子与Mn-3d电子之间的d-d交换,Si-3p电子与Fe、Mn-3d电子之间的p-d杂化.这些结果为半金属铁磁体Fe_2Si的电磁调控提供了有效的理论指导.     

新型稀磁半导体Mn掺LiCaP的磁电性质

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,对纯LiCaP、Mn掺杂LiCaP、Li过量和不足时Mn掺杂LiCaP体系进行几何结构优化,计算并分析了体系的电子结构、能带结构、态密度等.结果表明:Li1±y(Ca1-xMnx) P(x=0. 125,y=0. 125)体系均表现为100%自旋注入,材料均具有半金属亚铁磁性,半金属性稳定,磁矩较大且主要来源于Mn掺入形成的深能级杂质带. Li过量时材料的导电性得到改善,Li不足时体系的居里温度(Tc)提高,说明LiCaP半导体的磁性和电性可以分别通过Mn的掺入和Li的含量进行调控.     

Assessment of bilayer silicene to probe as quantum spin and valley Hall effect

Silicene takes precedence over graphene due to its buckling type structure and strong spin orbit coupling. Motivated by these properties, we study the silicene bilayer in the presence of applied perpendicular electric field and intrinsic spin orbit coupling to probe as quantum spin/valley Hall effect. Using analytical approach, we calculate the spin Chern-number of bilayer silicene and then compare it with monolayer silicene. We reveal that bilayer silicene hosts double spin Chern-number as compared to single layer silicene and therefore accordingly has twice as many edge states in contrast to single layer silicene. In addition, we investigate the combined effect of intrinsic spin orbit coupling and the external electric field, we find that bilayer silicene, likewise single layer silicene, goes through a phase transitions from a quantum spin Hall state to a quantum valley Hall state when the strength of the applied electric field exceeds the intrinsic spin orbit coupling strength. We believe that the results and outcomes obtained for bilayer silicene are experimentally more accessible as compared to bilayer graphene, because of strong SO coupling in bilayer silicene.     

Quantum spin Hall effect in silicene and two-dimensional germanium

We investigate the spin-orbit opened energy gap and the band topology in recently synthesized silicene as well as two-dimensional low-buckled honeycomb structures of germanium using first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that silicene with topologically nontrivial electronic structures can realize the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) by exploiting adiabatic continuity and the direct calculation of the Z(2) topological invariant. We predict that the QSHE can be observed in an experimentally accessible low temperature regime in silicene with the spin-orbit band gap of 1.55 meV, much higher than that of graphene. Furthermore, we find that the gap will increase to 2.9 meV under certain pressure strain. Finally, we also study germanium with a similar low-buckled stable structure, and predict that spin-orbit coupling opens a band gap of 23.9 meV, much higher than the liquid nitrogen temperature.     

Moiré superstructures of silicene on hexagonal boron nitride: A first-principles study

Using first-principles calculations, we predicted hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with flat surface is an ideal substrate for silicene. Van der Waals interactions hold silicene and h-BN together, forming silicene/BN moiré superstructures. The moiré superstructures open a band gap of about 30 meV at the Dirac point of silicene at equilibrium distance. The band gap is almost independent of the rotation angle between the two lattices, but can be effectively tuned by changing the interlayer spacing. The high Fermi velocity of silicene is well preserved in these superstructures. These features are helpful in achieving applications of silicene in nanoscale electronic devices.     

A first principle calculation of electronic and dielectric properties of electrically gated low-buckled mono and bilayer silicene

The structural, electronic and dielectric properties of mono and bilayer buckled silicene sheets are investigated using density functional theory. A comparison of stabilities, electronic structure and effect of external electric field are investigated for AA and AB-stacked bilayer silicene. It has been found that there are no excitations of electrons i.e. plasmons at low energies for out-of-plane polarization. While for AB-stacked bilayer silicene 1.48 eV plasmons for in-plane polarization is found, a lower value compared to 2.16 eV plasmons for monolayer silicene. Inter-band transitions and plasmons in both bilayer and monolayer silicene are found relatively at lower energies than graphene. The calculations suggest that the band gap can be opened up and varied over a wide range by applying external electric field for bilayer silicene. In infra-red region imaginary part of dielectric function for AB-stacked buckled bilayer silicene shows a broad structure peak in the range of 75–270 meV compared to a short structure peak at 70 meV for monolayer silicene and no structure peaks for AA-stacked bilayer silicene. On application of external electric field the peaks are found to be blue-shifted in infra-red region. With the help of imaginary part of dielectric function and electron energy loss function effort has been made to understand possible interband transitions in both buckled bilayer silicene and monolayer silicene.     

Electronic properties of silicene in BN/silicene van der Waals heterostructures

Silicene is a promising 2D Dirac material as a building block for van der Waals heterostructures(vd WHs). Here we investigate the electronic properties of hexagonal boron nitride/silicene(BN/Si) vd WHs using first-principles calculations.We calculate the energy band structures of BN/Si/BN heterostructures with different rotation angles and find that the electronic properties of silicene are retained and protected robustly by the BN layers. In BN/Si/BN/Si/BN heterostructure, we find that the band structure near the Fermi energy is sensitive to the stacking configurations of the silicene layers due to interlayer coupling. The coupling is reduced by increasing the number of BN layers between the silicene layers and becomes negligible in BN/Si/(BN)_3/Si/BN. In(BN)_n/Si superlattices, the band structure undergoes a conversion from Dirac lines to Dirac points by increasing the number of BN layers between the silicene layers. Calculations of silicene sandwiched by other 2D materials reveal that silicene sandwiched by low-carbon-doped boron nitride or HfO_2 is semiconducting.     

卤化硅烯结构、电子和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二维硅烯的商业用途通常受到其零带隙的抑制,限制了其在纳米电子和光电器件中的应用.利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,单层硅烯的带隙通过卤原子的化学官能化被成功打开了,并综合分析了卤化对单层硅烯的结构,电子和光学性质的影响.研究结果表明卤化使结构变得扭曲,但保持了良好的稳定性.通过HSE06泛函,全功能化赋予硅烯1.390至2.123 eV的直接带隙.键合机理分析表明,卤原子与主体硅原子之间的键合主要是离子键.最后,光学性质计算表明,I-Si-I单层在光子频率为10.9 eV时达到最大光吸收,吸收值为122000 cm^-1,使其成为设计新型纳米电子和光电器件的有希望的候选材料.     

Ab-initio study of electronic properties of Si(C) honeycomb structures

In this work, the electronic structures of pure and concentrated graphene and Silicene have been studied by performing first-principles pseudo potential plane-wave calculations. The concentrated structures have been obtained by the substitution of Si(C) atoms in the graphene (silicene), respectively. Firstly, the calculations are performed for pure graphene and continued for its concentrations. The concentrated graphene is obtained by substitution of Si atoms (with: 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 mol percentage) at different positions in the unit cell of graphene. Similar to graphene, the same calculations are performed for pure silicene as well as for silicene after substitution of C atoms. We have modeled the lattice constant, the band structure and its directivity, while the position and mole fractions of the substituted atoms are changed in the unit cell of the studied compound. Our results showed that: the total energy, the density of States (DOS), the charge density (CD), the opening of the band gap and its directivity are strongly dependent both on the position and mole fraction of the substituted Si(C) atoms. As an interesting result, we found an indirect open band gap, as large as 2.53 eV for silicon doped graphene. Also, it was found that both the elemental concentration and unit cell geometry could offer remarkable advantages for band splitting and band gap opening in these graphene like structures, which have known as ideal structures with many promising potential applications in the electronic, optoelectronic and spintronic.     

反Heusler合金Ti_2Ru_(1-x)Fe_xSn半金属磁性的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理,通过对反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn的Y位进行Fe元素掺杂,来探究其掺杂前后的相关特性及掺杂机理,以便寻求半金属性更稳定的Heusler合金材料,为后续相关理论研究及实验提供一定参考.在掺杂过程中随着Fe元素掺杂浓度的增加,反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn的半金属性并未受到破坏,其带隙反而随掺杂浓度逐渐变宽,从未掺前的0.451 eV展宽到了全掺杂的0.711 eV.为分析掺杂体系的稳定性,我们计算了它们相对于理想反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn块体的形成能,结果表明,对反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn的Y位进行Fe元素掺杂可以展宽其带隙,并且掺杂浓度越低,体系相对较容易形成.     

Tuning spin-filtering,rectifying, and negative differential resistance by hydrogenation on topological edge defects of zigzag silicene nanoribbons

By first-principles calculations, we propose three heterojunction nanodevices based on zigzag silicene nanoribbons with different edge-hydrogenated topological line defects. The devices all present excellent spin-filtering properties with 100% spin polarization as well as remarkable rectifying effect (with rectification ratio around 10²) and negative differential resistance behaviors. Our findings shed new light on the design of silicon-based nanodevices with intriguing spintronic applications.