关于康托集类光栅的实验探究

设计制作了康托集分形衍射光栅,通过对康托集分形光栅3个阶段的夫琅禾费衍射现象的观察,根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,得到了一维康托集分形光栅的夫琅禾费衍射光强分布特性.     

超声光栅与平面透射光栅衍射图样的比较研究

分析了超声光栅的形成机理,给出了超声光栅衍射图样光强分布的解析表示,通过理论分析和数值模拟对超声光栅与平面透射光栅的衍射图样进行了比较研究.结果表明其衍射主极大满足类似的光栅方程,但衍射条纹的强度分布不同;都能产生缺级现象,但规律不同;超声光栅是一种动态光栅,各级衍射谱线的频率不同.     

一次曝光法制备二维电调谐聚合物液晶光栅

采用四光束一次曝光法制备了二维电调谐聚合物分散液晶光栅,实验表明该方法制备的二维光栅具有非常好的电光特性,其衍射图样为空间点阵且衍射效率可以通过电场进行调节|偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜表明光栅中的液晶和聚合物在二维空间上呈周期性分布.同时利用二维衍射模型对二维光栅的电光特性进行了理论模拟,得到理论模拟的结果与实验结果相吻合.     

一次曝光法制备二维电调谐聚合物液晶光栅

采用四光束一次曝光法制备了二维电调谐聚合物分散液晶光栅,实验表明该方法制备的二维光栅具有非常好的电光特性,其衍射图样为空间点阵且衍射效率可以通过电场进行调节;偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜表明光栅中的液晶和聚合物在二维空间上呈周期性分布.同时利用二维衍射模型对二维光栅的电光特性进行了理论模拟,得到理论模拟的结果与实验结果相吻合.     

基于槽形函数拟合的刻划光栅衍射特性分析方法

作为对光栅刻划工艺的理论指导，提出了一种基于槽形函数拟合的机械刻划光栅衍射特性分析方法，解决了高刻线密度光栅衍射效率测量值与理论值偏差较大的问题.以刻线密度为1200l/mm的紫外光栅为例，对光栅主截面上的实际槽形纵横坐标扫描取值，进而拟合出槽形函数，经理论计算找到了导致衍射效率偏低的原因，并通过改进工艺，使光栅衍射效率提高了约20%. 关键词： 刻划光栅 槽形函数拟合 衍射特性 分析方法     

康托集类光栅衍射实验研究

衍射光栅它在当今信息时代是一种不可或缺光学元件,特别是在光谱学、激光工艺、光学信息处理、光通信等许多领域中都有着十分重要的应用。本文以康托集分形光栅为研究对象,自行设计并观察了康托集分形光栅三个阶段的夫琅和费衍射现象,根据惠更斯．菲涅耳原理,讨论了一维康托集分形光栅的夫琅和费衍射光强分布特性。     

位相光栅衍射图样识别算法研究

分析了位相光栅衍射图样的特点，提出了一种新的基于图像中心的区域识别算法：首先判断图像中心位置，然后扫描计算图像横向与纵向跨度，最后进行区域标记。通过实验将此算法和普适性的图像识别算法(索贝尔算子边缘识别、哈夫变换)进行结果对比，证明此算法运算速度快、识别结果准确，同时具备较强的抗噪声能力。此算法可一次性快速、准确测量位相光栅的各级衍射效率，尤其适合应用于大批量光栅的质量评价。     

激光束在LiNbO_3:Fe晶体中的异常衍射现象(Ⅱ) o光入e光出的衍射

本文首先叙述了一些σ光入e光出衍射的实验现象,包括衍射图样随温度的变化以及相应的Kaman光谱的变化等。然后用文献[1]中的方法,对室温衍射图样进行了计算。证明这种偏振面旋转90°的异常衍射现象是空间相位光栅的各向异性衍射产生的。对一些其它实验现象也作了解释。     

激光束在LiNbO3:Fe晶体中的异常衍射现象(Ⅱ)——o光入e光出的衍射

本文首先叙述了一些o光入e光出衍射的实验现象,包括衍射图样随温度的变化以及相应的Kaman光谱的变化等。然后用文献[1]中的方法,对室温衍射图样进行了计算。证明这种偏振面旋转90°的异常衍射现象是空间相位光栅的各向异性衍射产生的。对一些其它实验现象也作了解释。 关键词：     

Cantor型分形光栅的夫琅禾费衍射特性研究

研究了Cantor型分形光栅的夫琅禾费衍射特性，使我们对分形结构上的衍射问题和特性有一定的了解。     

利用双光栅衍射测量微谐振动的研究

本文以余弦光栅为模型,运用波前相因子分析方法,得到了有一定距离的双余弦光栅衍射斑的强度公式.推导出了双光栅之一作纵向或横向微谐振动时,远场衍射光斑强度的变化公式.这些公式呈现出复合余弦函数的变化规律,并且分析出了光强随时间的变化与光栅振幅之间的关系.为微小振动的测量提供了一种新的方法.最后,文章给出了衍射斑强度变化信号的数值计算结果.     

双光栅衍射场的干涉效应

双光栅衍射场的干涉效应既具有理论研究价值又具有很实际的应用价值.本文利用波前相因子分析法,推导出了双余弦光栅夫琅禾费衍射场的理论结果;分析了当两个光栅在横向有相对运动时,各级衍射斑光强的变化规律.通过实验观测映证了光强变化与数值计算结果是一致的.这一理论结果是双光栅衍射类实验设计的基础,而这类实验可以用于测量微小振动的振幅和频率.     

衍射光栅的傅里叶分析方法

本文用衍射理论中的傅里叶分析方法,分析光栅在各种不同情况下的夫琅和费衍射现象中,其衍射屏上的复振幅分布、光强分布及频谱分布的规律。对于衍射光栅的应用具有指导意义。     

A modified phase diversity diffraction wavefront sensor with a grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

Phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the useful tools to estimate the wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics system. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

High efficiency terahertz diffraction grating with trapezoidal elements

A newly designed grating used in terahertz region is proposed, which is composed of the trapezoidal elements repeated successively along one dimension of the substrate, and uniform interval(the grating period) repeated along the other dimension. The transmission of the grating owns a designable trapezoidal profile dependent on the geometric dimensions of the element. The far-field diffraction patterns of a designed grating at incident broadband terahertz frequencies, with element dimensions of upper, lower side and period of 50, 250, and 300 μm, respectively, are simulated by the scalar diffraction theory. The simulation results indicate that the terahertz grating exhibits a property of single-order diffraction,and the diffraction efficiency of the first order reaches 6.6%, exceeding that of a traditional sinusoidal amplitude grating with identical period and duty cycle. Owing to the regular architecture and the high single-order diffraction efficiency, the grating is easy to fabricate and shows great potential applications in single-shot spectral measurements of weak broadband terahertz pulse.     

Observation of the High-Order Fractional Talbot Effect in the Optical Range

The Talbot effect in the diffraction of light on the amplitude diffraction grating has been investigated experimentally. A high-order fractional Talbot effect up to d/102, where d is the grating period, has been discovered and studied. Possible applications of this phenomenon have been mentioned.     

Theory of laser-induced amplitude and phase gratings including photoselection,orientational relaxation and population kinetics

The generation of amplitude and phase gratings in an absorbing medium is discussed, including the effects of light polarization, population kinetics and orientational relaxation. A theory is given which describes light diffraction by a combination of an amplitude and a phase grating. It is shown that the coherent coupling effect in transient absorption measurements is solely due to the amplitude grating. Weak absorption and a low triplet yield favour diffraction of the probing beam by the phase grating in triple-beam experiments. Phase grating experiments can be performed with highly soluble absorber dyes, the absorption maximum of which is far away from the laser wavelength. Due to photoselection, diffraction by an amplitude grating depends on the polarization of the probing beam while phase grating diffraction is insensitive to this. Perpendicular polarization of the two exciting pulses prevents the buildup of a phase grating and results in light diffracted by the amplitude grating that is proportional to the transient dichroism signal as known from the common absorption relaxation.     

用体全息术对皮秒光脉冲进行二维测量

本文提供一种测量两束相干的ps光脉冲的空间二维时间振幅相关函数的新方法.在此方法中,光脉冲是被记录在一种光致折变的体积全息介质中,而所记录的信息可以通过直接量度在介质中所形成的光栅的空间分布而读出.这种方法可的可行性已为实验证实,它是通过3.5ps倍频锁模Nd:YAG激光测量光致折变晶体LiNbO₃来实现的。