锰铬掺杂对陶瓷表面结构和性能的影响

针对95氧化铝陶瓷薄弱的沿面耐压能力开展体掺杂改性实验研究，以95氧化铝陶瓷瓷料为基料，选择Cr2O3和MnCO3作为添加剂制备掺杂样品，并对陶瓷样品开展了性能参数测试及沿面耐压、体击穿、金属化等实验研究，探讨锰铬掺杂对陶瓷表面结构和性能的影响。     

YBa2Cu3O6+δ/BaTiO3系复合功能陶瓷特性研究

报道了超导陶瓷ＹＢａ₂Ｃｕ₃Ｏ_6+δ与铁电陶瓷ＢａＴｉＯ₃进行复合的结果。研究了该复合功能陶瓷的物相、（超）导电性和低温电阻温度特性。结果表明，采用合理的合成工艺，可得到呈现混和分布的两相复合功能陶瓷材料；该复合材料的电导特征符合三维渗流导电行为，发现在较高ＹＢａ₂Ｃｕ₃Ｏ_6+δ含量时，样品呈超导电性，并对此作了初步讨论。 关键词：     

一种研究综合性的大学物理实验

: 本文基于笔者近年来关于钛酸钡基无铅铁电陶瓷的研究结果, 阐述了B a ( T i 0. 9 9C o 0. 0 1) O3 -d 无铅铁电陶 瓷的综合型实验教学设计与实施. 该实验条件简单, 结果可靠, 涉及材料物理及相关技术等多方面内容, 是一类培养 大学生实验能力与创新能力的研究综合性实验.     

Yb:Y2O3透明陶瓷的光学性能研究

介绍了一种基于纳米粉末真空烧结技术的新型固体激光材料——Yb：Y₂O₃多晶陶瓷的制备工艺、物理化学特性、能级结构和光谱特性，并与Yb：YAG单晶进行了对比.采用紧凑型有源镜激光器(CAMIL)的抽运方式，验证了Yb：Y₂O₃透明陶瓷的激光输出性能.在35W的最大抽运功率下，得到波长1078 nm，功率10.5 W 的连续激光输出，斜率效率达到37.5%.实验中还观察到激光输出波长随抽运功率增加而红移以及随输出耦合镜变化而漂移的现象.Yb：Y₂O₃多晶陶瓷是一种理想的激光材料，不仅具有与Yb：YAG单晶同样优秀的物理化学性能和光谱特性，而且其热导率和发射带宽约为Yb：YAG单晶的两倍，非常适合于高亮度激光器和超短脉冲激光器领域的发展应用. 关键词： 2O₃陶瓷')" href="#">Yb:Y₂O₃陶瓷 陶瓷激光器 透明陶瓷     

冲击波压缩PZT-95/5铁电陶瓷的电介质击穿

 应用冲击波加载技术，在垂直加载的条件下，研究了PZT-95/5铁电功能陶瓷的电击穿。通过实验和数值模拟，得到了冲击波加载下的动态击穿特征参数，讨论了其击穿机理。     

发动机用结构陶瓷研究的发展动向

先进结构陶瓷在发动机上的应用是国际上陶瓷界和发动机界共同感兴趣的热门研究课题。文章主要介绍了汽车用陶瓷燃气轮机和低散热陶瓷柴油机的研究开发现状、存在问题及今后发展动向。     

南方各窑址原始瓷产地特征的EDXRF分析

采用能量色散X射线荧光法分析了中国南方地区各窑址出土原始瓷标本胎釉的元素组成,并通过多元统计分析,结合陶瓷工艺学,深入地分析了各窑址原始瓷的产地特征,为未知窑口原始瓷的产地判别提供了可靠依据.     

陶瓷加工中的激光技术应用研究

工程陶瓷作为２１世纪的三大应用材料之一，其有效的加工方法已成为国内外专家学者探索的热点。而激光技术由于是非接触式加工，没有切削力，加工速度快，能加工一些特殊型面等优点，在陶瓷的加工方面得到了一定的应用，并取得了一定的进展。本文介绍了应用激光技术加工陶瓷和激光技术在陶瓷磨削中的辅助应用，并阐述了各种技术的基本原理和加工质量评价，同时展望各种激光技术在陶瓷加工中的发展趋势。尽早开发应用于陶瓷加工的各种激光新技术，对推动陶瓷的应用发展和激光技术的发展应用都有着深远的意义。     

PZT95／5陶瓷冲击电流输出性能

PZT95／5陶瓷是锆钛比为95：5的锆钛酸铅铁电陶瓷。利用垂直极化的PZT95／5陶瓷，在冲击加载时，陶瓷材料发生铁电／反铁电相变，剩余极化强度消失，释放出被束缚的电荷，电荷流经阻性外电路负载，形成电流输出的性能，可制作恒流型脉冲电源。本文对外电路为短路状态条件下PZT95／5陶瓷冲击放电的电流输出性能进行了研究。     

射流侵彻陶瓷力学特性实验研究

 利用闪光X射线摄影技术观察了射流在氧化铝陶瓷靶中的侵彻过程。结果表明，射流在侵彻氧化铝陶瓷过程中，侵彻通道发生了一定程度的倒塌现象，致使后续射流断裂，部分断裂粒子扭曲、偏离侵彻方向，降低了射流侵彻能力。     

直流偏压对压力诱导反铁电陶瓷去极化性能的影响

采用掺铌的锆钛锡酸铅（PNZST）反铁电陶瓷作为研究对象,研究了不同的直流电场作用下,等静压力诱导极化态反铁电陶瓷发生去极化过程（同时发生铁电/反铁电相变）的规律.当极化态样品两端电场强度为6 kV/cm时,去极化压力为128.8 MPa;当极化态样品两端电场强度为-6 kV/cm时,去极化压力为74.2 MPa.在与极化电场方向相反的外加电场作用下极化态样品具有较小的去极化压力.讨论了外加直流电场影响极化态反铁电陶瓷去极化压力的内在机理.得到了不同外置电场下的去极化压力,并绘制了该材料的外加直流电场（< 关键词： 去极化 反铁电体 相变     

A Barrier Discharge Reactor with Ferroelectric Electrodes I. Influence of thickness and surface area of electrodes

A study aimed at finding a way of scaling-up a small laboratory reactor employing an electric discharge with a dielectric barrier was carried out. The dielectric used was ferroelectric ceramic material of a high permittivity (? above 1000) comparing to glass (? ≈? 3–10), which is generally used. The main component of the ceramics was BaTiO₃. The advantage of using this type of ceramics is related to a considerable increase in power density without the need of increasing voltage which supplies the system. The influence of the thickness and surface of ferroelectric electrodes on the macroscopic characteristics of the discharge and efficiency of chemical process was investigated. Ozone synthesis from oxygen was the reaction under consideration. A new structure of the reactor was proposed comprising a series of parallelly spaced thin ceramic plates. High electric permittivity of the ferroelectric ceramics enables such ?sandwich”? structure to be supplied by only two edge ceramic electrodes.     

钛酸钡陶瓷片的制备和铁电性质的研究

本研究应用冷压陶瓷处理技术制备了钛酸钡陶瓷片材料。应用X光衍射谱、扫描电子显微镜以及电滞回线测量调查和研究所制备的钛酸钡陶瓷片的结构、微结构和铁电性质的关系,为未来铁电存储器材料的进一步开发和应用打下实验和技术基础。     

Investigation of the dielectric properties and thermal expansion of the ferroelectric ceramic PKR-1 in the phase-transition region

The permittivity and thermal expansion of polarized and unpolarized samples of the ferroelectric ceramic PKR-1 have been investigated in the temperature range 300–700 K. Anomalous behavior of the thermal expansion coefficient is found in the range of ferroelectric phase transitions. The results obtained are analyzed taking into account the specific features of the structure of polar ceramics.     

Measurements of the thermal, dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric and elastic properties of porous PZT samples

The introduction of porosity into ferroelectric ceramics has been of great interest in recent years. In particular, studies of porous lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic (PZT) have been made. In the research reported, samples of Ferroperm Pz27 with porosities of 20, 25 and 30% were studied. Very complete measurements were made of all of the physical properties relevant for ferroelectric applications including thermal conductivity and diffusivity, heat capacity, dielectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties. Scanning electron micrographs indicated a change from 3-0 to 3-3 connectivity with increasing porosity. Although most of the physical properties are degraded by the presence of porosity, both piezoelectric and pyroelectric figures-of-merit are improved because of the markedly reduced relative permittivity. Porous ferroelectric ceramics are very promising materials for a number of applications.     

多孔未极化Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3铁电陶瓷单轴压缩力学响应与相变

通过添加造孔剂的方法制备了四种不同孔隙率未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷. 采用非接触式的数字散斑相关性分析(digital image correltation, DIC)全场应变光学测量技术, 对多孔未极化PZT95/5 铁电陶瓷开展了单轴压缩实验研究, 讨论了孔隙率对未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的力学响应与畴变、相变行为的影响. 多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的单轴压缩应力-应变关系呈现出类似于泡沫或蜂窝材料的三阶段变形特征, 其变形机理主要归因于畴变和相变的共同作用, 与微孔洞塌缩过程无关. 多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的弹性模量、压缩强度都随着孔隙率的增加而明显降低, 而孔隙率对断裂应变的影响较小. 预制的微孔洞没有改善未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷材料的韧性, 这是因为单轴压缩下未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的断裂机理是轴向劈裂破坏, 微孔洞对劈裂裂纹传播没有起到阻碍和分叉作用. 准静态单轴压缩下多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷畴变和相变开始的临界应力都随着孔隙率的增大而呈线性衰减, 但相变开始的临界体积应变却不依赖孔隙率.     

Prediction of the properties of two-phase composites with a piezoactive component

The effective dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic constants of two-phase macroscopically piezoactive 3-0 and 3-3 composites are calculated. It is assumed that one of the components is a polarized ferroelectric ceramic material and the other is an inactive material with variable elastic properties. The limiting case when the elastic compliances of the inactive material tend to infinity (porous ferroelectric ceramics) is considered. The adequacy of this model to production technologies of piezoelectric composites is discussed. Computational results are compared with experimental data.     

Ferropiezoelectric properties and microstructure of PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 ceramics

Ceramic samples of lead ferroniobate (PFN) having a rhombohedral symmetry at room temperature are obtained. Their ferroelectric and magnetic properties in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric phase transition temperatures are investigated. The electrophysical parameters of the polarized ceramic are presented. By means of electron-probe microanalysis, the number of inclusions of Fe-containing impurity phases (??0.2 vol %) is revealed to be several times higher than that in grains of the PFN ceramics. It is suggested that the above could be caused by the magnetic properties of PFN at room temperature.     

Effect of an electric field on the fracture of ferroelectric ceramic materials

This paper reports on the experimental results of measuring the time elapsed between the loading and the fracture of ferroelectric ceramic specimens under the action of a static electric field and mechanical stresses that differ in magnitude. The dependence of the durability of the specimens on the applied stress is determined for electric fields in the range from 0 to 5 MV/m. It is shown that, in the time range 1–10³ s, the durability of the ferroelectric ceramic material substantially increases in weak electric fields (the hardening effect) and significantly decreases in strong electric fields. The results obtained can be explained in terms of the fact that the load and the electric field affect the same defects (fracture nuclei) in the ferroelectric ceramics.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的高压电常数（Bi0.5Na0.5）1－xBaxTiO3系无铅压电陶瓷

测量了使用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的(Bi0.5Na0.5)1-xBaxTiO3(x=0.00，0.04，0.06，0.08,0.12)系陶瓷的介电、压电、铁电和热释电性能.由于使用了溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的粉料，因此所有样品的压电性能都得到了较大提高.其中(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO.3系陶瓷具有该系列最大的压电常数，d33=173×10-12C/N，与传统工艺相比，d33提高了近40%.同时，在一定范围内，随Ba含量的增加，材料的剩余极化Pr和矫顽场Ec逐渐减小，退极化温度逐渐降低.对于(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO.3系陶瓷，剩余极化和矫顽场分别为25μC/cm2和28kV/cm，退极化温度约为80℃. 关键词： 溶胶-凝胶 压电常数 剩余极化 矫顽场