非标记夹心式电化学可卡因适体传感器的研究

设计一种基于双链核酸适体的非标记夹心式电化学适体传感器, 建立简单、高灵敏度的可卡因分析方法. 首先将末端巯基修饰的捕获适体探针组装在金电极表面, 构建可卡因适体传感器. 该传感器与目标分子可卡因和部分互补的检测适体探针作用后, 在电极表面形成适体/可卡因/适体复合物. 以六氨合钌为信号分子, 基于单链适体和适体/可卡因/适体复合物对六氨合钌吸附量的不同, 通过计时电量法检测电极表面吸附六氨合钌的还原电量, 进行可卡因的分析检测. 在优化的条件下, 还原电量与可卡因浓度在1～50 mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系, 检出限为0.1 mmol/L. 用于血清中可卡因的检测, 回收率为96.4%～104%. 该方法简单, 灵敏度高, 可作为一种通用型的适体传感器模型.     

基于多边形金纳米颗粒的非标记型可卡因适体传感器的研制

实验合成了多边形金纳米颗粒,通过壳聚糖(CHIT)将合成的多边形金纳米颗粒固定在玻碳电极表面,然后通过自组装技术将带巯基的捕获DNA探针固定在修饰有多边形金纳米颗粒的电极表面,利用杂交反应使可卡因适体与DNA捕获探针结合,制成非标记型可卡因适体传感器。以六氨合钌作为电化学指示剂,通过测量传感器与目标物可卡因结合前后电流变化情况对可卡因进行测定。考察了缓冲溶液的pH、可卡因培育时间、扫描速度等对测定的影响。结果表明,在pH为7.40时该传感器的检测范围为1.0×10-10～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检测限为3.0×10-11 mol/L。该传感器制作简单,响应好,抗干扰能力强。     

非标记凝血酶阵列电化学适体传感器的研究

基于自制的集成化三阵列金膜电极,构建了一个简单、灵敏、非标记的凝血酶阵列电化学适体传感器。以聚乙烯不干胶掩膜版法结合金属溅射沉积技术,在FR-4玻璃纤维板上制作了由3个金膜工作电极、1个大面积金膜对电极和1个厚膜Ag/AgCl参比电极构成的集成化金膜阵列电极系统。以集成化金膜阵列电极作为基础电极,采用巯基自组装技术将带巯基的凝血酶适体固定在3个金工作电极表面,巯基己醇封闭后获得三阵列凝血酶适体传感器,以电活性物质铁氰化钾作为电化学探针,基于凝血酶适体和凝血酶结合前后铁氰化钾在电极表面传质的不同导致电流变化进行凝血酶的测定。采用方波脉冲伏安法,铁氰化钾氧化峰电流的变化值与凝血酶浓度在1.52~63 nmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.92 nmol/L。     

非标记凝血酶阵列电化学适体传感器的研究

基于自制的集成化三阵列金膜电极,构建了一个简单、灵敏、非标记的凝血酶阵列电化学适体传感器。以聚乙烯不干胶掩膜版法结合金属溅射沉积技术,在FR-4玻璃纤维板上制作了由3个金膜工作电极、1个大面积金膜对电极和1个厚膜Ag/AgCl参比电极构成的集成化金膜阵列电极系统。以集成化金膜阵列电极作为基础电极,采用巯基自组装技术将带巯基的凝血酶适体固定在3个金工作电极表面,巯基己醇封闭后获得三阵列凝血酶适体传感器,以电活性物质铁氰化钾作为电化学探针,基于凝血酶适体和凝血酶结合前后铁氰化钾在电极表面传质的不同导致电流变化进行凝血酶的测定。采用方波脉冲伏安法,铁氰化钾氧化峰电流的变化值与凝血酶浓度在 1.52~63 nmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.92 nmol/L。     

一种胶质瘤细胞的核酸适体电化学阻抗传感器

本文基于交流阻抗谱技术发展了一种新型的高灵敏核酸适体传感器用于胶质瘤细胞的检测。该传感器通过巯基在金表面的混合自组装,将腱肽蛋白c的核酸适体探针固定于金电极表面。基于腱肽蛋白在胶质瘤细胞表面的高表达,利用细胞与电极表面核酸适体探针的特异性生物识别对铁氰化物电化学阻抗的抑制,建立了胶质瘤细胞检测的核酸适体传感器。考察并优化了核酸适体/巯基丙酸混合自组装比例、反应时间、温度和离子强度等对传感器性能有显著影响的分析条件,结果表明该传感器的阻抗响应与胶质瘤细胞浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为100~50 000 cell/mL,其检出限可达50 cell/mL。     

基于电化学双共价键法构建可再生高灵敏的电化学发光适体传感器检测可卡因

基于点击化学和重氮盐法的双共价键固定化方法,制备了一种高灵敏、可重复使用的电化学发光(ECL)适体传感器. 该方法以可卡因为分析物,以可卡因适体为分子识别物质,以钌联吡啶衍生物为ECL信号物质. 采用电化学方法在玻碳电极表面重氮化叠氮苯胺,通过点击反应连接炔基功能化的钌联吡啶衍生物标记可卡因适体,获得适体传感器. 该传感器在共反应剂存在下,产生弱的电化学发光信号,可卡因存在下,电化学发光信号增加. 基于此,建立了“信号增强”型检测可卡因的电化学发光分析新方法. 电化学发光信号与可卡因浓度在0.1 nmol·L^-1 ~ 100 nmol·L^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为60 pmol·L^-1. 该传感器具有良好的稳定性,可重复多次使用. 该双共价键法在构建ECL传感器方面具有很好的应用前景.     

基于共面薄膜金电极的三磷酸腺苷适体传感器

为了检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的浓度,利用微系统(MEMS)技术小批量加工薄膜金电极,采用自组装法将巯基修饰的三磷酸腺苷适体固定到金电极表面,以三磷酸腺苷适体作为识别元件,构建了一种基于共面薄膜金电极的三磷酸腺苷适体传感器。依据核酸磷酸骨架荷负电特性静电排斥[Fe(CN)6]3!/4!所引起的阻抗变化实现对ATP浓度的检测。首先采用电化学阻抗谱法研究了裸金电极及ATP加入前后、6-巯基己醇封闭电极前后以及不同自组装时间(3,8,15,24和30 h)条件下,电极在电化学阻抗溶液中阻抗值变化。然后研究了不同浓度ATP适体传感器的电化学阻抗谱以及适体传感器的线性度和重复性。结果表明,在自组装时间为24 h,使用6-巯基己醇封闭金电极的条件下,此传感器线性测量范围可达到1~500 nmol/L,检出限为1 nmol/L,线性相关系数为0.9842。此传感器制作简单,检出限低且重复性好。     

非标记型血小板衍生生长因子核酸适体传感器

合成了介孔二氧化硅负载金纳米颗粒(Au-MSN), 通过壳聚糖(CHIT)将Au-MSN固定到裸玻碳电极表面, 采用自组装法将带巯基的血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)核酸适体固定到Au-MSN修饰过的玻碳电极表面, 制得PDGF核酸适体传感器. 以亚甲基蓝作为电化学活性嵌入剂, 通过检测核酸适体与目标分析物PDGF特异性结合前后亚甲基蓝电信号的变化, 实现了对PDGF的定量检测. 考察了缓冲溶液的pH、 扫描速度及PDGF培育时间等条件对检测结果的影响. 结果表明, 在pH为7.6时, 该传感器的检测范围为0.1 pg/mL~1 μg/mL, 检出限为0.03 pg/mL. 该传感器制作简单、 成本低廉、 灵敏度高且稳定性好.     

基于磁性微球分离技术的核酸适体化学发光检测可卡因

设计了一种基于磁性微球与核酸适体的夹心式化学发光适体传感器,建立了高灵敏度的可卡因分析方法。实验考察了反应所用羧基磁性微球、捕获探针、可卡因适体、生物素标记的报告序列以及链霉亲合素修饰的辣根过氧化物酶用量对化学发光信号的影响。优化条件下,在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内,化学发光信号与可卡因浓度的对数呈线性相关(r2=0.989 7),检出限为3.2×10-9mol/L。考察了共存物质中适体对可卡因的特异性识别能力,方法显示了较好的选择性。     

基于单壁碳纳米管和目标诱导适体转移电化学适体传感器检测腺苷

以修饰于电极表面的单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)作为适体固定平台,基于目标诱导适体(Aptamer)转移,构建了检测腺苷的电化学适体传感器。将SWNTs修饰到玻碳电极表面,没有目标物腺苷时,亚甲基蓝标记的腺苷适体(MB-Aptamer)通过适体与SWNTs之间强的相互作用固定在电极表面,此时电极表面因为有大量MB存在,能够检测到强的MB氧化电流信号。当引入腺苷后,因为腺苷与适体的相互作用力大于适体与SWNTs的相互作用力,迫使MB-Aptamer脱离电极进入溶液,此时电极表面MB量减少,导致MB氧化电流强度减弱,根据加入腺苷前后传感器表面MB氧化电流强度的变化,采用方波脉冲伏安法对腺苷进行检测。结果表明,MB氧化电流信号比值与腺苷浓度在0.0010~0.50 nmol/L之间呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.49 pmol/L(S/N=3)。     

以无机硫为原料制备硫化铅量子点及其表征

根据高温下快速成核低温下慢速生长的量子点制备原理, 采用胶体化学的方法成功制备了不同粒径的硫化铅半导体量子点. 这种方法的特点是以无味和低毒的硫化钠作为制备硫化铅量子点硫的前驱物, 因此这是一种量子点的绿色化学合成方法. 油酸作为稳定剂控制硫化铅的粒径. 采用X射线衍射和高分辨透射电镜表征了量子点的晶体结构、形貌和粒径, 采用可见-近红外吸收光谱研究了硫化铅量子点的量子尺寸效应. 通过降低油酸的添加量可以促进量子点的生长, 得到较大粒径量子点. 并探讨了量子点的生长机理.     

Highly luminescent lead sulfide nanocrystals in organic solvents and water through ligand exchange with poly(acrylic acid)

Hydrophobic lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS/OA) synthesized in the presence of oleic acid were transferred from nonpolar organic solvents to polar solvents such as alcohols and water by a simple ligand exchange with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Ligand exchange took place rapidly at room temperature When a colloidal solution of PbS/OA in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was treated with excess PAA, the PbS/PAA nanocrystals that formed were insoluble in hexane and toluene but could be dissolved in methanol or water, where they formed colloidal solutions that were stable for months. Ligand exchange was accompanied by a small blue shift in the band-edge absorption, consistent with a small reduction in particle size. While there was a decrease in quantum yield associated with ligand exchange and transfer to polar solvents, as is commonly found for colloidal quantum dots, the quantum yields determined were impressively high: PbS/OA in toluene (82%) and in THF (58%); PbS/PAA in THF (42%) and in water (24%). The quantum yields for the PbS/PAA solutions decreased over time as the solutions were allowed to age in the presence of air.     

POLY（N-ISOPROPYL ACRYLAMIDE） MICROGEL DOPED WITH LUMINESCENT PBS QUANTUM DOTS

Thiol-stabilized PbS quantum dots （QDs） with dimensions 3-5 nm capped with a mixture of 1-thioglycerol/dithioglycerol （TGL/DTG） were coUoidally prepared at room temperature. Room temperature photoluminescence quantum efficiency of freshly prepared PbS QDs （7%-11%） remained higher than 5% upon aging for three weeks when the nanocrystals （NCs） were stored in an ice-bath in the dark, and higher than 5%for at least five weeks when extra DTG ligands were introduced into the nanocrystal solution followed by stirring every two weeks. Poly（N-isopropyl acrylamide） （PNIPAM） microgels were produced via precipitation polymerization with dimensions of ca. 230 nm and polydispersity of 3-5%. Incorporation of PbS QDs into PNIPAM microgels indicated that PbS can be incorporated into the interior of microgel particles and not at the microgel interface. The combination of reasonable room temperature quantum efficiency and strong, efficient luminescence covering the 1.3-1.55 μm telecommunication window makes these nanoparticles promising materials in optical devices and telecommunications.     

PbS量子点的一步合成法及其光学性能

以Pb(CH3COO)2为原料, 一硫代和二硫代丙三醇为混合稳定剂, 在常温下合成了尺寸可控的PbS量子点. 有别于传统的有机金属路线法, 采用水相法一步合成亲水性量子点具有方法简便、反应条件温和、无需使用高沸点溶剂、重现性好等优点. 所合成的量子点单分散, 粒径为3～5 nm, 荧光量子效率高达11.8%, 在外加稳定剂的作用下, 量子效率在5周内仍能保持原来的80%.     

S-nitrosocysteine-decorated PbS QDs/TiO2 nanotubes for enhanced production of singlet oxygen

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous diatomic molecule important in regulation of numerous physiological functions. The photorelease of NO in a controlled manner can potentially be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We present here a method to combine S-nitrosocysteine with TiO(2) nanotube-doped PbS quantum dots (PbS QDs) as a nitric oxide-releasing vehicle to promote production of singlet oxygen. The PbS QDs with a diameter ～3.6 nm (PbS/TNTs) were attached to the TiO(2) nanotube by using a thiolactic acid linker. S-nitrosocysteine-decorated PbS/TiO(2) nanotubes were prepared by dipping PbS/TNTs in a cysteine solution followed by nitrosylation. The results suggest that this hybrid nanomaterial is capable of photoreleasing nitric oxide and producing singlet oxygen using near-IR light.     

Aptamer sensor for cocaine using minor groove binder based energy transfer

We report on an optical aptamer sensor for cocaine detection. The cocaine sensitive fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled aptamer underwent a conformational change from a partial single-stranded DNA with a short hairpin to a double-stranded T-junction in the presence of the target. The DNA minor groove binder Hoechst 33342 selectively bound to the double-stranded T-junction, bringing the dye within the Förster radius of FITC, and therefore initiating minor groove binder based energy transfer (MBET), and reporting on the presence of cocaine. The sensor showed a detection limit of 0.2 μM. The sensor was also implemented on a carboxy-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface by covalently immobilizing DNA aptamers. The ability of surface-bound cocaine detection is crucial for the development of microfluidic sensors.     

Controlled aging of PbS colloidal quantum dots under mild conditions

A new controlled aging methodology was developed for the synthesis of PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs), applying larger PbS QDs as a starting material for smaller QDs by application of environmentally friendly oleic acid and oleylamine as reagents. This simple and mild procedure provides a possible strategy for tailoring the size-dependent properties of PbS QDs.     

An aptamer-based biosensor for sensitive thrombin detection

A sensitive aptamer-based sandwich-type sensor is presented to detect human thrombin using quantum dots as electrochemical label. CdSe quantum dots were labeled to the secondary aptamer, which were determined by the square wave stripping voltammetric analysis after dissolution with nitric acid. The aptasensor has a lower detection limit at 1 pM, while the sample consumption is reduced to 5 μl. The proposed approach shows high selectivity and minimizes the nonspecific adsorption, so that it was used for the detection of target protein in the human serum sample. Such an aptamer-based biosensor provides a promising strategy for screening biomarkers at ultratrace levels in the complex matrices.     

Self-Organization of PbS into Quantum Dots Superlattices

Orderedcolloidsor"colloidalcrystals",whichhavelong-rangespatialordef,havebeeninvestigatedextensively,andstillremainanactiveareaofresearchI.Selforganizationisageneralphenomenonofcolloidaldispersionswherecontroloverparticlesizeandstabilizationhasbeenachieved.Selforganizationrequiresonlyahard-sphererepulsion,acontro1ledsizedistribution,theinherentVanderWaaIsattractionbetWeenparticles,andameansofgentlydestabilizingthedispersion.Theinherenttendencyformonodisperselyophobiccolloidstoselforganizepro…