共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 328 毫秒
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采用一级气炮加载技术和锰铜压力计测试技术,对含初始空隙的C30混凝土在一维应变条件下的冲击特性进行了实验测量和分析.基于锰铜压力计测量的压力波形,确定了C30混凝土材料的冲击绝热关系,即冲击波速度D与波后粒子速度u之间满足线性关系.再从C30混凝土的冲击绝热数据出发,获得了计及初始空隙度0影响的多项式形式Grüneisen型状态方程中的各项系数.实测压力波形还显示:不同位置处的压力波形在迅速上升至峰值后均随时间逐渐衰减,而冲击波峰值又随传播
关键词:
Grüneisen型状态方程
冲击绝热关系
混凝土 相似文献
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基于标准线性固体模型, 结合球面波波动方程, 给出了球面应力波的粒子速度v、粒子位移u、径向应力σr、切向应力σθ、径向应变εr、切向应变εθ、折合速度势、折合位移势在Laplace域的理论解. 采用基于Crump算法的Laplace数值逆变换方法分析了上述物理量的传播特征. Laplace数值反演结果表明, 线黏弹性材料对强间断球面应力波的初始响应为纯弹性响应, 强间断在传播过程中包含了几何衰减和本构黏性衰减, 应力、应变、粒子速度的衰减特性和粒子位移、应力、应变、折合位移势等物理量的稳态值同黏弹性球面波的理论预测一致. 折合速度势和折合位移势的峰值随波传播距离的增加逐渐衰减, 这与理想弹性理论给出的折合速度势和折合位移势不随传播距离变化的结论不同. 折合位移势的稳态值与介质的静态剪切模量成反比, 与稳态空腔压力成正比, 与空腔半径的三次方成正比. 相似文献
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采用火炮加载技术对JB-9014钝感炸药进行一维平面冲击实验。通过激光干涉测速仪测量冲击波到达炸药样品前、后表面的时刻以及炸药/镀膜氟化锂窗口界面粒子速度。利用冲击波到达炸药样品前、后表面的时刻差和炸药样品的厚度计算出冲击波在炸药样品中的传播速度,并结合炸药样品/氟化锂窗口接触面处粒子速度求出炸药样品冲击波后粒子速度,进而获得了炸药样品在3.1~9.7GPa压力范围内的冲击Hugoniot关系。对炸药样品中冲击波速度以及波后粒子速度进行不确定度分析,得到炸药样品中冲击波速度和波后粒子速度的合成标准不确定度约为0.54%和1.7%。将未反应炸药的冲击Hugoniot曲线和冲击波阵面的Rankine-Hugoniot关系进行联立得到冲击波后炸药样品内的压力和密度,进而拟合得到炸药样品在冲击绝热状态下沿(p,ρ)面的p-ρ曲线。 相似文献
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基于磁驱动加载装置CQ-4开展了锆的斜波压缩相变实验,研究了锆样品后表面窗口声阻抗对相变波形的影响.实验结果显示,锆后表面为较低声阻抗窗口(自由面和LiF窗口)时,相变起始对应的特征粒子速度约331.0 m/s,而高阻抗蓝宝石窗口时,特征粒子速度约301.9 m/s,特征速度对应的压力从约9.14 GPa下降到8.27 GPa.相变对应的速度特征拐点是与多种因素相关的实验信息,因此它对应的压力并不是材料属性参数相变压力.结合基于热力学Helmholtz自由能的多相状态方程和非平衡相变动力学方程开展了锆的相变动力学数值模拟研究,相变弛豫时间为30 ns,计算结果与三种情况的实验结果符合良好,可以较好地模拟斜波压缩下锆的弹塑性转变、相变等物理过程.在压力-比容和温度-压力热力学平面,相变前锆的准等熵线与冲击绝热线差异很小,相变后准等熵线都位于冲击绝热线下方,随着压力的增加准等熵线和冲击绝线偏差越来越大,温度-压力平面中在20 GPa时相差约100 K.相变开始后,由于相变引起比容的间断,导致锆的拉氏声速迅速下降约7%,相变完成后拉氏声速恢复到体波声速. 相似文献
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固体中冲击波的分子动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
文中用分子动力学方法研究了具有面心结构的晶体在冲击波的作用下温度、压力、粒子速度、物质密度及冲击波速度诸参数的变化,并与宏观规律作了比较。文中采用Fincham的计算格式。原子间的相互作用势用Morse势,其参数用最近邻相互作用近似获得。 相似文献
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用嵌入原子势的分子动力学方法模拟了温度对超薄铜膜疲劳性能的影响. 通过模拟, 首先给出了超薄铜膜的总能及应力随循环周次的变化曲线; 根据叠加经验式得出的叠加量随循环周次变化曲线, 判断出各种恒定温度下超薄铜膜的疲劳寿命. 由 200–400 K温度范围内超薄铜膜的疲劳寿命-温度变化曲线, 可以发现存在两个温度区域: 在约370 K以下, 超薄铜膜的疲劳寿命随温度升高缓慢增加, 而在约370 K以上增加较快. 建立了模型并用位错演化机制解释了超薄铜膜疲劳寿命的温度依赖关系.
关键词:
分子动力学
疲劳
温度效应
位错 相似文献
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利用液氮冷靶系统制取液氩样品,以二级氢气炮作为加载工具,驱动飞片对液氩样品进行平面冲击压缩,实验测量了33 GPa冲击压力以下液氩的冲击温度。飞片速度由磁测速系统测量,冲击波速度和冲击温度用光纤耦合高温计系统测量,粒子速度采用阻抗匹配法计算得到。实验测得当冲击压力为33 GPa时,液氩的冲击温度超过10 000 K;而当冲击压力超过30 GPa时,冲击温度的上升趋势与理论计算相比明显变缓,该压力点正好与以前测得的冲击波速度-粒子速度曲线的拐点一致。 相似文献
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Yrjö Jun Huang Payman Jalali Timo Hyppänen 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2012,29(2):128-138
A two dimensional (2‐D) stream of granular flow with zero initial granular temperature passing over a cylindrical obstacle is simulated by means of both molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and finite volume method (FVM). In experiments, a bow‐shaped shock wave with higher area fraction forms in front of the obstacle that was reproduced in our simulations. Due to the different circumstances to which particles are subjected, the granular flow is divided in two zones. One is undisturbed where quantities, such as space fraction (volume fraction for 3‐D and area fraction for 2‐D geometries), velocity and granular temperature are uniformly distributed and the other is called the shock wave zone. In this region, the values of the space fraction increases and the velocity of particles changes. From the MD simulation, it is found that the area fraction of the shock wave depends on surface roughness, coefficient of restitution (COR) of particles, the obstacle diameter as well as velocity of the granular stream, and a triangular region forms with almost zero velocity, and granular temperature forms in front of the cylindrical obstacle. The bigger is the size of the obstacle, the more stable this region is. In FVM simulations solid phase velocity and area fraction distributions similar to the MD simulation results are obtained for proper parameters. 相似文献
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微杂质污染一直是影响精密器件制造质量和使用寿命的关键因素之一.对于微纳米杂质颗粒用传统的清洗方式(超声清洗等)难以去除,而激光等离子体冲击波具有高压特性,可以实现纳米量级杂质颗粒的去除,具有很大的应用潜力.本文主要研究了激光等离子体去除微纳米颗粒过程中的热力学效应:实验研究了激光等离子体在不同脉冲数下对Si基底上Al颗粒去除后的颗粒形貌变化,发现大颗粒会发生破碎而转变成小颗粒,一些颗粒达到熔点后发生相变形成光滑球体,这源于等离子体的热力学效应共同作用的结果.为了研究微粒物态转化过程,基于冲击波传播理论研究,得到冲击波压强与温度特性的演化规律;同时,利用有限元模拟方式研究激光等离子冲击波压强和温度对微粒作用规律,得到了颗粒内随时间变化的应力分布和温度分布,并在此基础上得到等离子体对颗粒的热力学作用机制. 相似文献
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A. N. Dremin 《高压研究》2013,33(5-6):361-364
Abstract Shock wave chemistry, a new scientific trend, deals with investigations of chemical aspects of the substance state under this new type of effect. Indeed, shock wave effect is not a greater imposition than pressure and temperature actions. Characteristic features of the effect are the tremendous rates of substance loading and subsequent unloading. The effects result in a substance in a strongly non- equilibrium state. The lifetime of the state is governed by the relaxation process of those phenomena which are provoked by shock waves in the substance. For instance, in the case of substance consisting of complex molecules with a large number of internal degrees of freedom, differing strongly in excitation times, all kinetic parts of the shock energy are at first absorbed by the translational degrees of freedom inside the shock wave front. Then, the energy is redistributed to the vibrational degrees of freedom. The non-equilibrium state time is not longer than the excitation time of the most slowly excited vibrational degrees of freedom (1010-10?9 s). The same order of magnitude is the relaxation time of liquid substance polarization caused by dipolar molecules mechanically turning under the shock discontinuity zone effect. In polymers the zone turns some separate groups of polymer molecule atoms. In such a case the relaxation period, on the contrary, may last as long as it can. As far as “hot are concerned, their lifetime is determined by thermal relaxation regularities and it depends on their size. The hot spots in solids appear during the shock compression process at the sites of an imperfect substance structure. In liquids the hot spots can orighate when a shock wave front passes through negative density fluctuations. It transforms the fluctuations of very small size and of high probability into some positive temperature regions of large size and extremely low probability at equilibrium state behind the wave front. The hot spots in perfect solids (possibly in liquids too) appear due to the effect of shear stresses in shock front. Pointed and lengthy defects of solid structure occur under the effect. The lengthy defects appear in the shock wave front due to the transition from one-dimensional to volume compression. The transition takes place if the wave intensity is larger than the dynamic elastic limit of the solid under investigation. In brittle materials the transition results in their grinding into fragments and in the relative displacement of the fragments. Some liquid melted layers of substance appear between the fragments in the process of displacement. Their lifetime is also determined by the thermal relaxation regularities and probably is small. Nevertheless, the layers obviously govern the spall strength of brittle solids and promote solid-phase shock reactions. The defects created in solids by the shock effect can exist for a very long time if the solid substance residual temperature is lower than its recrystallization temperature. Therefore, solid substance treatment by shocks of proper intensity can increase their chemical reactivity. 相似文献
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A. G. Doukas A. D. Zweig J. K. Frisoli R. Birngruber T. F. Deutsch 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1991,53(4):237-245
Shock waves generated by a laser-induced plasma were investigated using a pump-and-probe technique. Both 7-ns and 40-ps laser pulses at 1.06 m were employed to initiate breakdown in water. Two He-Ne laser beams were used as a velocity probe, allowing the accurate measurement of the shock velocity around the plasma. The maximum shock pressure was determined from the measured shock velocities, the jump condition and the equation of state for water. The conservation of the total momentum of the shock front was used to derive expressions for the shock velocity, particle velocity and shock pressure vs. the distance (r) from the center of the plasma. For a shock wave of spherical symmetry, the shock pressure is proportional to 1/r
2. Our work shows that the expanding plasma initially induces a shock wave; the shock wave dissipates rapidly becoming an acoustic wave within 300–500 m. 相似文献
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S. Nanobashvili G. Gelashvili M. Mdivnishvili I. Nanobashvili G. Rostomashvili 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》2003,53(9):785-789
Results of investigation of the shock wave dynamics under subatmospheric pressure in neutral gases and weakly ionized low temperature plasma are presented. The characteristics of spherical and plane configuration shock wave excitation and propagation in gases in the pressure region 1 Torr < p <100 Torr are studied. The same is done for the plane configuration shock wave in weakly ionized plasma in the pressure region 1 Torr < p <10 Torr. It is shown that when p = 3 Torr it is still possible to fix successfully the shock wave appearance and propagation in various neutral gases. The pressure dependence of the shock wave propagation velocity and amplitude is determined experimentally. It is shown that when the pressure decreases the shock wave amplitude decrease and the increase of the Mach number take place. In the case of plane shock wave Mach number reaches the value M = 5.2 under the pressure p = 3 Torr. As for shock wave propagation in low temperature plasma, our experiments showed a significant decrease of wave amplitude and simultaneous increase of its velocities up to 35 wave velocity is related to the heating of neutral gases in plasma. 相似文献
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L. Soulard 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2008,50(3):241-251
We present a complete molecular dynamics analysis of the micro-spallation, which corresponds to the various events following
the reflexion on a free surface of a unsustained shock wave causing the melting of the material. In a first stage the various
curves required for a purely thermodynamic analysis (Hugoniot, melting curve and isentropes) are calculated by the mean of
both equilibrium and non equilibrium molecular dynamics. Next we define two cases. In the first one the shock pressure is
above the melting pressure (SM case).
In the second one the melting occurs during the release wave following the shock (RM case). These two configurations provide
quite similar results if the melting kinetic of the SM case is slow enough and we observe the formation of a solid micro-spall.
In the other SM cases a direct transition from a liquid to a gas is obtained. As other results we found that (i) the melting
under shock is a stationary process in the front shock referential and so is supported by the Rayleigh line and (ii) the spall
strength of the micro-spallation is negligible. 相似文献
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The quantum Brownian motion model is a typical model in the study of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. Entropy is one of the most fundamental physical concepts in thermodynamics.In this work, by solving the quantum Langevin equation, we study the von Neumann entropy of a particle undergoing quantum Brownian motion. We obtain the analytical expression of the time evolution of the Wigner function in terms of the initial Wigner function. The result is applied to the thermodynamic equilibrium initial state, which reproduces its classical counterpart in the high temperature limit. Based on these results, for those initial states having well-defined classical counterparts, we obtain the explicit expression of the quantum corrections to the entropy in the weak coupling limit. Moreover, we find that for the thermodynamic equilibrium initial state, all terms odd in h are exactly zero. Our results bring important insights to the understanding of entropy in open quantum systems. 相似文献