结构现场可调的点激光精密测量系统

为了实现激光传感器测头可以根据现场条件来实时改变入射角度,建立了结构可调的点激光测量系统。建立了相机的针孔模型,利用张正友标定算法得到该相机模型的内部参数,定义点激光测量系统中的光心角,推导出利用像点坐标和相机内部参数实时求取光心角公式。建立了点激光测量系统的数学模型,引入点激光测量系统的结构参数:基线距和基准角,利用零平面和两个基准面标定系统结构参数。利用标定得到的系统结构参数进行实时的逆向工程在线测量。实验结果表明:测量系统量程为75mm时,该标定算法最大标定误差≤0.02mm,点激光测量系统的测量误差≤0.06mm,达到精密测量的要求。     

基于大地坐标的目标脱靶量交汇测量方法

为提高目标的交汇测量精度,提出了一种基于大地经纬度坐标的数据交汇方法。在交汇测量系统中,根据靶心和电视经纬仪的大地经纬度和高程,建立了空间直角坐标系。当目标进入电视经纬仪视场时,电视经纬仪从视频图像中捕获目标,提取目标方位角和俯仰角;根据交汇测量模型,计算出了目标在靶心坐标系下任意时刻的空间位置坐标。该方法已应用到了试验靶场飞行目标脱靶量测量系统中。实测结果表明,该方法可实时测量目标脱靶量,相对测量误差<10-4,具有较高的测量精度。     

相机内参量及像差系数与外参量的解耦标定方法

基于无穷远点与相机内参量关系,提出了一种相机内参量及像差系数与外参量解耦标定方法.首先,根据平面单应计算绝对二次曲线在像面的投影方程,线性求解相机内参量;然后,将重投影像点视为理想像点线性求解像差系数,并计算像点重投影误差;最后,将序列图像的平面单应作为待优化参量,以最小化像点重投影误差为目标函数,重复上述过程,输出最优的相机内参量和像差系数.在相同配置下,分别对本文方法和张正友平面靶板标定方法的标定准确度进行仿真与对比分析.基于不同姿态和位置的27幅棋盘格图片,分别利用这两种方法对相机内参量进行标定实验.实验结果表明:与张正友平面靶板标定方法相比,本文方法的标定准确度提高了至少1％;在实物实验中,张正友平面靶板标定方法和本文方法的重投影残差分别为0.064像素和0.008像素.     

相机内参量及像差系数与外参量的解耦标定方法（英文）

基于无穷远点与相机内参量关系,提出了一种相机内参量及像差系数与外参量解耦标定方法.首先,根据平面单应计算绝对二次曲线在像面的投影方程,线性求解相机内参量;然后,将重投影像点视为理想像点线性求解像差系数,并计算像点重投影误差;最后,将序列图像的平面单应作为待优化参量,以最小化像点重投影误差为目标函数,重复上述过程,输出最优的相机内参量和像差系数.在相同配置下,分别对本文方法和张正友平面靶板标定方法的标定准确度进行仿真与对比分析.基于不同姿态和位置的27幅棋盘格图片,分别利用这两种方法对相机内参量进行标定实验.实验结果表明:与张正友平面靶板标定方法相比,本文方法的标定准确度提高了至少1%;在实物实验中,张正友平面靶板标定方法和本文方法的重投影残差分别为0.064像素和0.008像素.     

多幕光学法测量弹丸炸点坐标及误差分析

针对飞行弹丸对空中目标近炸炸点位置测量,提出了多幕光学法测量技术。根据试验特点,分析了多光幕交汇测量弹丸炸点位置存在的问题,研究了采用侧向相机辅助多光幕交汇测量技术。通过相机采集到的炸点图像,建立相机、模拟目标和多光幕交汇光幕阵列空间几何计算模型。利用弹丸的飞行轨迹和弹丸炸点图像平面坐标,研究了弹丸炸点侧向空间坐标的计算方法和多光幕交汇测量系统二维坐标修正原理,给出了弹丸炸点坐标计算函数。利用微分法从交汇光幕夹角、光幕幕厚、测时和测距等方面分析测量误差。经计算分析,模拟目标中心高度小于50m时,炸点三维坐标的误差小于40mm。     

基于柔性靶标定位实现图像拼接的多相机三维测量系统

提出一种基于柔性靶标定位实现图像拼接的多相机三维测量系统,采用一个激光投影仪投影大幅条纹,多相机分布式采集的方法扩展视觉三维测量系统的测量范围。标定过程首先使用小型平面靶标标定基准相机二维图像坐标和相位值到三维世界坐标的映射关系,之后在相邻相机部分视场(FOV)重合的前提下,利用柔性靶标定位标定相邻相机图像坐标的转换关系,最后将各个相机的图像坐标全部转化到基准相机的图像坐标系下完成图像拼接,由基准相机图像坐标到世界坐标的映射完成全局三维测量。实验结果表明,使用图像拼接方法的测量精度略低于相机单视场测量的精度,但精度损失较小,满足工业在线测量的要求。该方法避免使用昂贵的辅助测量仪器和加工高精度大型靶标,为多相机视觉测量提供了成本低、使用方便的解决方案。     

立体视觉测量系统标定误差补偿

双目视觉测量系统利用三角测量法原理进行三维测量，其结构特性决定了测量误差随测量距离的增加而增大。针对测量误差的分布规律，该文提出基于局部视场的双目视觉测量系统优化方法。利用外在结构建立测量坐标系，减小标定和测量过程信息非一致性引入的系统误差；利用相机参数之间的耦合作用补偿系统固有参数标定误差并建立查找表，建立关于标定参数的虚拟映射。模拟实验最大误差小于0.03 mm，系统实验误差小于0.3%，实验表明优化后系统主要测量误差来源于探测器离散化引入的随机误差，双目视觉测量系统达到理论测量精度。     

条纹投影相位高度转换映射模型及其标定方法

为了提高条纹投影三维(3D)测量系统的测量速度和准确度,提出了一种改进的相位高度转换映射模型。通过建立虚拟相机坐标系以及分析条纹信息在投射器坐标系与相机坐标系之间的转换关系,在相机坐标系中建立了从相位到高度的一一映射模型,并在映射模型中校正了相机镜头的畸变。该模型结构简单,便于结合查表(LUT)法使用。应用查表法后,模型算法复杂度极低,可以应用在高速测量中。同时,提出了一种针对映射模型的标定方法,并在相机标定过程中利用逆向投影优化过程对相机的参数进行迭代优化。标定方法简单高效,不需要参考平面,且对系统中的相机和投射器的相对位姿没有严格的要求。实验结果表明所提映射模型及标定方法可以实现快速准确的三维测量。     

体视2D-3cPIV相机标定方法研究

基于针孔相机成像模型,利用共线方程建立了像平面坐标与粒子三维空间坐标之间的映射关系,在此基础上采用Tsai’s算法开展了相机内外参数标定方法的研究。使用微位移机构负载二维平面标定板完成了片光厚度内多个位置的单视场非共面标定。改进后的Wong-Trinder算子提高了标定板上目标像中心的定位精度。利用标准图像对其进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该标定方法具有标定速度快、精度高的特点,适合于多种流场的2D-3cPIV测量。     

一种多相机阵列大尺寸测量系统快速标定方法

多相机阵列中的相机位姿关系标定是大尺寸测量系统中非常重要的一个环节。建立了标定模型,采用圆点阵列平面靶标,通过线性平移,使靶标分别位于不同相机的视野范围内,获得了同一靶标特征点在不同相机坐标系下的坐标;根据所得坐标,求解靶标坐标系与相机坐标系之间的位姿关系;根据靶标的线性平移约束,进而求解两两相机之间的位姿关系。经实验验证,对于安装距离约为2300mm的相机,标定误差小于0.002mm。其标定过程简单、速度快,可以适用工业大尺寸测量中的现场标定。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.