辅助判决式最大似然式相干光接收机的冷启动(英文)

在辅助判决式最大似然式相干接收机启动策略基础上,提出了另一种冷启动方案:利用M次幂算法获得启动序列,再过渡至辅助判决最大似然性相位估计.仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性.进一步优化表明:当M次幂算法与辅助判决最大似然性算法参数均取最优值时,冷启动方案性能达到最佳.与传统启动方案相比,这种冷启动方案能够应用于多接收机系统中,且更加适用于未来突发模式相干光传输系统中.     

基于最大似然准则的多波长OCDMA接收机的最佳判决门限研究

采用最大似然准则,研究了多波长光码分多址接收机的最佳判决门限值.通过检测信道的光信号能量,接收端估计出信道的并发用户数,并通过最大似然准则得到了最佳判决门限值与并发用户数、码字参量的变化关系.当并发用户数超过一定值后,最佳判决门限值将随并发用户数量变化,相应地改变接收机的判决门限值.根据最佳判决门限值,得到了多波长光码分多址系统误码率与并发用户数的关系.理论分析和模拟结果表明,采用最大似然准则得到的最佳判决门限值,MW OCDMA系统的误码率将明显降低.     

用于FTN系统的二阶导频辅助载波相位恢复算法

针对超奈奎斯特系统引入的码间干扰使载波相位估计难度增大的问题，提出了一种二阶电域导频辅助载波相位估计方案，将导频辅助相位噪声补偿模块与基于Viterbi的最大似然相位估计模块级联，牺牲约1.7%的带宽开销，可以有效克服超奈奎斯特系统引入的码间干扰，对激光器线宽导致的相位噪声进行准确估计。在调制格式为16进制正交幅度调制的超奈奎斯特系统中，经仿真验证可知：该算法在加速因子不超过Mazo极限时可以有效跟踪相位噪声；在加速因子低至0.833、误码率为2×10^-2、光信噪比代价为1 dB的条件下，该算法能容忍的最大线宽乘积为5×10^-4；相较于一阶导频辅助载波相位恢复算法，该算法具有更大的线宽容忍度，所需的光信噪比也更小。     

光相干QAM信号的弹性DAML相位估计

提出相干光通信系统的弹性判决辅助式最大似然(DAML)相位估计算法,将弹性DAML相位估计算法从相移键控(PSK)系统扩展到正交幅度调制(QAM)系统,并进行相位估计误差推导。仿真结果表明,弹性DAML在不同块长度条件下存在误比特率(BER)下界,能消除传统DAML的块长度效应,可有效降低符号检测过程对信号相位波动的要求,进而放宽相干光系统对激光器线宽的限制。     

双用户2.5 Gb/s 100 km光码分多址传输实验

稳定性高、低成本的窄脉冲光源、高性能编解码器和具有旁瓣/噪声抑制功能的接收机是光码分多址系统实用化的3个关键模块.实验中利用增益开关脉冲光源和63 chip等效相移超结构布拉格光纤光栅相位编解码器的半边带应用,判决门限调整与宽带判决相结合的接收机实现了双用户、2.5 Gb/s 100 km传输.实验中测量了误码率与判决时刻和判决门限的关系曲线,系统在10 ps的判决时刻容限内和17%的幅度判决容限内实现了无误码传输.     

多谐波脉冲星信号时延估计方法

针对脉冲星导航技术中延时估计这一关键问题, 提出了频域上直接使用脉冲星信号测量到达时间集合进行时延估计的方法——多谐波脉冲星信号时延估计(MHSPE)方法. 该方法建立在频域上相位时延的极大似然估计的基础上, 通过高次谐波对脉冲星观测信号提取出各谐波相位的极大似然估计, 然后取频谱上各谐波的幅值进行归一化作为各谐波相位的权值, 最后取各谐波相位的加权平均作为该时刻的相位估计. 理论上证得MHSPE算法对相位的估计是无偏、一致的, 相比于频域上一次谐波的极大似然估计, MHSPE方法的信噪比随谐波数m的增加而增加, 当各谐波幅值相同时, 信噪比可提高m_1/2倍; 与脉冲星信号时延的克拉美罗界比较, 脉冲星信号时域的导数在频域上的反映就是各谐波分量的数量, 因此随着谐波次数的增加脉冲星信号时延估计可极大趋近克拉美罗界. 采用RXTE航天器对Crab脉冲星的实测数据检验MHSPE方法的性能, 实验结果表明, 针对低信噪比的脉冲星信号, MHSPE可获得高精度的相位估计, 随观测时间增加, 估计精度快速收敛于克拉美罗界.     

基于均值似然估计的激光探测微动特征提取和分离

最大似然估计是提取目标微动特征参数的最佳估计方法,但直接用网格法求解计算量巨大,且激光探测微多普勒回波信号对应的代价函数具有高度非线性,存在多个局部最大值。为此,提出均值似然估计与蒙特卡罗结合的估计方法,给出了最大似然参数估计的闭合表达式,再通过设计压缩似然函数获得全局最大值,通过蒙特卡罗法抽样并计算循环均值估计出参数。该方法避免了传统方法中对高精度初始值和复杂迭代算法的依赖,能够实现参数的联合估计。对于多分量微多普勒信号,该方法可在参数估计的同时实现各微动分量分离,且不增加算法的复杂性。对仿真和实验数据进行估计,结果表明,该方法在达到近似于最大似然估计性能的同时可有效降低计算复杂度并确保了全局收敛,实现信号的分离和参数估计。     

双数态输入型M-Z干涉仪中量子相位的最大似然估计和贝叶斯分析

本文采用最大似然估计和贝叶斯分析两种方法,对双数态输入型马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的量子相位估计进行研究.通过对干涉仪输出端粒子数差和宇称进行理论计算和数值模拟,发现采用贝叶斯分析和粒子数差测量的组合,可以在全相位空间实现最优测量,即待估相位精度达到由量子克拉美罗下界所给定的测量极限,同时,利用贝叶斯分析进行相位估计所需样本数较最大似然估计更少.在通过宇称测量进行相位估计的研究中,发现无法利用贝叶斯分析实现相位估计,但可采用最大似然估计进行研究.借助蒙特卡洛数值模拟分析,我们验证了理论计算结果,即相位估计精度会随待估相位θ₀的变化而改变,将其与粒子数差测量结果对比,进一步确认了粒子数差测量方案的优越性.     

光码分多址系统中光学相关接收机判决阈值的分析

介绍了光码分多址系统中常用地址码（一维扩时码、二维码和三维码）的特点，并对它们各自的互相关均值和方差进行了理论分析。基于非相干光码分多址系统中光学相关接收机的基本原理，结合不同的用户地址码，对系统误码率性能进行了分析，得到了接收机最佳判决阈值与地址码基本特性参数和系统同时用户数间的关系。最后，给出了数值仿真结果。结果表明，对于采用特定地址码的光码分多址系统，只有选择合适的接收机判决阈值，系统的误码率性能才能达到最佳。研究结果对光码分多址系统中接收机判决阈值的选取具有一定的参考作用。     

核作用平均自由程测量中的数据处理

本文讨论了测定核作用平均自由程的实验中的数据处理方法. 采用最大似然法得出了几种不同实验情况下核作用平均自由程的估计式及其标准误差估计式. 蒙特卡洛模拟的结果表明, 在统计量不大的情况下, 最大似然估计值比常用的最小二乘拟合值更精确.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.