AgNPs-AC复合纤维的制备及其吸附与抗菌性能

制备具有较好吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料是过滤领域的一个关键问题。在多种纤维与薄膜材料的制备方法中,静电纺丝法具有比表面积大、孔隙率高的特点,为制备具有吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料提供了一种有效思路。本文通过静电纺丝法制备了纳米银颗粒-活性炭(AgNPs-AC)复合纳米纤维膜,将纳米银颗粒沉积在活性炭载体上,目的是制备一种具有良好吸附抗菌功能的高性能过滤电纺复合纤维膜。通过SEM、XRD等设备对复合纳米纤维的形貌与结构进行表征,并考察该复合纤维膜的吸附性能和抗菌性能。结果表明,所制备的AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜随活性炭、银浓度的增大,纤维直径分布逐步趋于均匀。并且在EVOH质量分数为10%,硝酸银/活性炭浓度比为0.05/0.085时,该复合纤维膜的吸附性能最好。此外,AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能。     

棕榈纤维制备活性炭纤维及其对水中三氯生的吸附研究

以棕榈纤维为原材料、磷酸为活化剂制备活性炭纤维,通过单因素实验和正交实验深入探讨反应条件对活性炭纤维吸附性能的影响,并确定最佳制备条件。系统研究三氯生在活性炭纤维上的吸附热力学、动力学以及溶液p H值对吸附的影响,并研究比较乙醇洗脱与加热煅烧法对吸附饱和后的活性炭纤维的再生效果。结果表明,磷酸溶液质量分数和碳化温度对活性炭纤维吸附性能影响较大,活化剂浸渍时间对其影响较小,活性炭纤维的最佳制备条件为:磷酸溶液浓度25%,碳化温度400℃,活化时间36h。所制备的活性炭纤维的BET比表面积为1358.478m~2/g、微孔面积为1240.131m~2/g、平均孔径为1.886nm。活性炭纤维对三氯生的吸附等温线符合Langumuir方程,吸附是放热反应。动力学研究表明,吸附反应符合准二级动力学方程,且在5h后基本达到平衡。随着p H值的升高,材料对三氯生的吸附量略有下降。乙醇洗脱和加热煅烧均可有效再生吸附饱和后的活性炭纤维。     

通过柠檬酸改性提高载银活性炭的抗菌性能

通过负载柠檬酸对活性炭进行改性,用N2吸附法测定活性炭的比表面积,用AAS、SEM、XRD测试技术分析了银在活性炭上的吸附和分布,并研究了载银活性炭的抗菌性能。结果表明,负载柠檬酸使活性炭的比表面积下降约24%,但载银后活性炭的比表面积增大。柠檬酸改性为[Ag(NH3)2] 的还原吸附提供更多的活性点,使银的吸附速率加快,吸附量提高约25%,表面的银颗粒变得非常密集,粒径减小,且颗粒均匀,因此抗菌性能显著增强,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果明显优于对大肠杆菌的,同时对于高分散Ag/C催化剂的制备及银的回收也具有重要的价值。     

通过柠檬酸改性提高载银活性炭的抗菌性能

通过负载柠檬酸对活性炭进行改性,用N2吸附法测定活性炭的比表面积,用AAS、SEM、XRD测试技术分析了银在活性炭上的吸附和分布,并研究了载银活性炭的抗菌性能。结果表明,负载柠檬酸使活性炭的比表面积下降约24％,但载银后活性炭的比表面积增大。柠檬酸改性为[Ag（NH3）2]^＋的还原吸附提供更多的活性点,使银的吸附速率加快,吸附量提高约25％,表面的银颗粒变得非常密集,粒径减小,且颗粒均匀,因此抗菌性能显著增强．其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果明显优于对大肠杆菌的,同时对于高分散Ag／C催化剂的制备及银的回收也具有重要的价值。     

可注射聚氨酯基抗菌复合骨水泥的制备与表征

兼具生物活性和抗菌性能的可注射材料对骨质疏松症椎体骨折的治疗具有更好的效果。本文通过向在位固化的聚氨酯中添加无机抗菌剂磷酸银和纳米羟基磷灰石制备了可注射聚氨酯基复合材料,考察不同磷酸银含量对其物理化学性能和抗菌性能的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、溶胀率和凝胶含量实验表明,制得了具有交联聚合结构的可注射聚氨酯复合材料。该材料固化时间小于1小时,适宜临床操作,固化后具有与天然松质骨相似的压缩强度、密度以及适宜细胞生长的表面亲水性。另外,抗细菌粘附实验和抑菌率实验表明,材料抗菌性能随磷酸银含量的增加逐渐提高。这些优异的性能表明可注射聚氨酯复合材料在骨质疏松症临床应用上具有广阔的前景。     

沥青基活性炭纤维复合活化工艺的研究

以沥青基炭纤维为原料，研究了用铵盐作为化学活化剂对其进行浸渍预处理，然后采用（H2O＋CO2）活化的方法制备活性炭纤维，讨论了工艺条件对活性炭纤维性能的影响并通过光电子能谱XPS探讨了活化过程中炭纤维表面官能团的变化。结果表明：采用这种物理和化学复合活化工艺，可以在较高得率下提高活性炭纤维比表面积。同时浸渍处理、H2O流量、活化温度和活化时间等工艺参数显著影响活性炭纤维的比表面积和得率，优化的工艺为：经铵盐浸渍6h，炭纤维在水蒸气与CO2流量比3：1的混合气氛中900℃活化30min。XPS研究表明，活化后炭纤维表面的含氧官能团C－O明显减少，铵盐浸渍未能增加活性炭纤维表面的含氮基团。     

载银活性炭的制备与表征

在活性炭上负载银离子,制备具有抗菌性能的吸附材料载银活性炭。首先,优选了分散剂的种类为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),得出PVP:银离子最佳质量比为1:1;其次,探讨了在不同碳化温度下改性活性炭载银量,未经碳化处理时载银量为17.09%,碳化温度为500℃时,载银量为18.24%;碳化温度800℃时,载银量增加到18.61%;最后,对材料进行了表征,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪分析了材料改性前后表面基团的变化情况,采用扫描电子显微镜分析了载银材料表面形貌,采用X射线能谱仪分析了材料的元素构成,利用XRD确定材料的物相和内部结构;采用透射电子显微镜分析了材料的微观形貌和晶体结构。     

活性炭纤维对铂离子的还原吸附特征

利用不同的活化工艺,制备了水蒸汽活化和磷酸或氯化锌活化活性炭纤维,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和光电子能谱(XPS)等技术,研究了这些活性炭纤维对铂的还原吸附特征。结果表明,各活性炭纤维均能还原吸附铂离子,吸附容量为30mgPt/gC至90mgPt/gC之间。依据活性炭纤维种类的不同,还原吸附的铂呈粒状或放射性簇状存在于活性炭纤维表面,铂颗粒的粒径为几十nm至1μm之间。对纤维表面铂的XRD分析表明,还原吸附的铂呈无定型结构,但经过400℃高温处理后,颗粒转化为金属铂结晶形态。还原吸附铂后,活性炭纤维表面的含氧基团相应增加,显示其表面被氧化为羟基和羰基。     

活性炭纤维的脱硫性能

活性炭纤维作为一种新型高效吸附剂，在环保领域尤其是在烟气脱硫方面显示了广阔的应用前景。本文在作者所做工作和分析别人实验结果的基础上，综述了包括前驱体材料、制备条件以及活性炭纤维表面物理化学性能等影响活性炭纤维脱除烟气中SO2的主要因素，阐述了活性炭纤维脱硫的反应机理。认为含有较多量氮元素的前驱体材料具有较高的脱硫性能，类似的结果也出现在用不同方法制备的活性炭纤维中；众多的研究结果表明，活性炭纤维表面化学性能的影响尤其是表面物理性能的影响，其中表面含氧官能团对活性炭纤维脱除SO2不利，但用热处理方法脱除掉以CO形式释出的含氧官能团后可显著增强活性炭纤维的脱硫活性；此外，含氮官能团引入到活性炭纤维表面后也可显著增强活性炭纤维的脱硫活性。     

利用除尘灰制备活性炭的工艺研究

以除尘灰为原料，用物理活化法制备活性炭．研究了活化温度、活化时间、活化剂流量对活性炭性能的影响．实验结果表明，活化温度和活化时间对活性炭的BET比表面积和吸附性能有很大影响；该方法可制得1nm以下微孔和10nm以下中孔均比较发达的活性炭．     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fibers supported with silver metal for antibacterial behavior

In this work, the effect of immersion in silver nitrate solution on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) was investigated in relation to adsorption behavior and antibacterial activity of ACFs supported with silver (ACF/Ag). The pore and surface properties were studied in terms of BET volumetric measurement with nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activities of ACF/Ag were studied in broth dilution tests against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from a point of view of water purification. As an experimental result, the silver content of ACF/Ag increased with increasing concentration of silver nitrate. It was found that the micropore structure slightly decreased as the silver nitrate concentration increased. Otherwise, it was revealed that the ACF/Ag possessed a strong antibacterial activity and an inhibitory effect for the growing of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Silver content on ACF/Ag decreased rapidly because of rough morphology of silver particles in water erosion.     

STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION OF ZINC-CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

1. INTRODUCTION Microbial pollution will bring about various problems in industry and other vital fields, such as causing decomposing of materials, harming people抯 health. In order to reduce these problems, new antibacterial materials have been demanded. Recently, much attention has been paid to inorganic materials including zinc oxide [1~4]. These inorganic antibacterial materials are now substituting for organic materials to avoid releasing noxious organic molecules harmful to humans;…     

Chemical assembly of TiO2 and TiO2@Ag nanoparticles on silk fiber to produce multifunctional fabrics

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared by chemical activation of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) with phosphoric acid, with a particular focus on the effects of impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature on both surface chemistry and porous texture. Thermogravimetric studies of the pyrolysis of PPTA impregnated with different amounts of phosphoric acid indicated that this reagent has a strong influence on the thermal degradation of the polymer, lowering the decomposition temperature and increasing the carbon yield. As concerns surface chemistry, TPD and chemical analysis results indicated that the addition of phosphoric acid increases the concentration of oxygenated surface groups, with a maximum at an impregnation ratio of 100 wt.%. The resulting materials present uncommon properties, namely a large amount of oxygen- and phosphorus-containing surface groups and a high nitrogen content. Porosity development following H(3)PO(4) activation was very significant, with values close to 1700 m(2)/g and 0.80 cm(3)/g being reached for the BET surface area and total pore volume, respectively. The pore size distributions remained confined to the micropore and narrow mesopore (<10 nm) range.     

STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION OF ZINC-CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Several kinds of activated carbon fibers, using sisal fiber as precursors, were preparedwith steam activation or with ZnCl2 activation. Zinc or its compounds were dispersed in them. Theantibacterial activities of these activated carbon fibers were determined and compared. The researchresults showed that these sisal based activated carbon fibers supporting zinc have strongerantibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and S. aureus. The antibacterial activity is related tothe precursors, the pyrolysis temperature, and the zinc content. In addition, small quantity of silversupported on zinc-containing ACFs will greatly enhance the antibacterial activity of ACFs.     

Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Polyacrylonitrile-based Activated Carbon Fiber Supporting Nano-ZnO

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based activated carbon fiber(PACF) supporting nano-ZnO(PACF /nano-ZnO) was prepared by spin, pretreatment, carbonization, and KOH chemical activation at an activation temperature of 950 ℃ for 40 min. Nano-ZnO content, distribution and antibacterial properties of the PACF/nano-ZnO were studied. The pore structure and surface properties of the PACF/nano-ZnO were studied by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), N₂/77 K isothermal adsorption. The specific surface area increased markedly after the activation process and it was several hundred times greater than that before the process. The PACF/nano-ZnO shows a strong adsorption for Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli) and antibacterial activity against them. As an experimental result, antibacterial properties of PACF/nano-ZnO increased with increasing the concentration of nano-ZnO particles, which suggests it is a promising antibacterial material.     

PREPARATION AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER CONTAINING SILVER

Several kinds of activated carbon fiber(ACF),Granule Activated carbon(AC) containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver.Ag,AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers:The stucture of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and power X-ray diffraction(XRD),THe Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS),The Ag^+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled plasma(ICP) emission spectroscopy.Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.Coli and S.aureus.After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag,AgCl,AgI,no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected.The analysis of Agcontent in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standrd,It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent.     

Activated carbon fibers with a high heteroatom content by chemical activation of PBO with phosphoric acid

The preparation of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by phosphoric acid activation of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers was studied, with particular attention to the effects of impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature on porous texture. Phosphoric acid has a strong effect on PBO degradation, lowering the temperature range at which the decomposition takes place and changing the number of mass loss steps. Chemical analysis results indicated that activation with phosphoric acid increases the concentration of oxygenated surface groups; the resulting materials also exhibiting high nitrogen content. ACFs are obtained with extremely high yields; they have well-developed porosity restricted to the micropore and narrow mesopore range and with a significant concentration of phosphorus incorporated homogeneously in the form of functional groups. An increase in the impregnation ratio leads to increases in both pore volume and pore size, maximum values of surface area (1250 m(2)/g) and total pore volume (0.67 cm(3)/g) being attained at the highest impregnation ratio (210 wt % H(3)PO(4)) and lowest activation temperature (650 °C) used; the corresponding yield was as large as 83 wt %. The obtained surface areas and pore volumes were higher than those achieved in previous works by physical activation with CO(2) of PBO chars.     

STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING REDUCTION CAPACITIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

1. INTRODUCTION The discharge of effluent containing precious metal ions, which comes from electroplating, mining, smelting, and other industries, not only contaminate the environment where people live, but also cause the waste of natural resources. From…     

通过氧化改性提高载银活性炭的抗菌性能

使用浓HNO3和浓H2O2对活性炭进行常温氧化改性,用FTIR和N2吸附法对活性炭进行表面分析,用AAS、SEM、XRD研究银在活性炭表面的吸附和分布特征,并研究了载银活性炭的抗茵性能.结果表明,活性炭经浓HNO3常温改性后,比表面积提高,而经浓H2O2常温改性后,比表面积略有下降,但都使活性炭表面含氧基团增加.改性后,活性炭表面增加的含氧基团为[Ag(NH3)2] 的还原吸附提供更多的活性点,使银的吸附量增大5倍多,银颗粒更加密集,大小更加均一.研究表明,载银活性炭具有明显的抗茵作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果优于对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果,氧化改性使载银活性炭抗茵作用显著增强,其中硝酸改性现象更加明显.     

Antibacterial behavior of transition-metals-decorated activated carbon fibers

The antibacterial behavior of transition metals (Cu or Ag)-plated activated carbon fibers (ACFs) was investigated. The pore structure of the ACFs before and after metal electroplating was studied by N(2)/77 K isothermal adsorption. The antibacterial behavior against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was tested by a modified dilution method. As experimental results, the ACFs showed a decrease in specific surface area and micro- and total pore volume with increasing metal content. The antibacterial behavior of the ACFs was predominantly increased and showed over 99% against S. aureus as well as K. pneumoniae, attributed to the presence of metal nanoparticles in this system.