The effect of diffusion on the permanence of Smith population model in a polluted patch

IntroductionThe effect of diffusion on the permanence of population has been studied in some refer-ences. LevinI1] set up the followiIlg model to study the effect of diffusion on the permanence ofpopulation:: f \' \ =.tvhere ur(t) defines the number of population i in patch p, uu = (ut,'. u:). f,u(uu) isthe int!.i11sic growth rate fOr population t, and D:' is the (1iffosive rate of population l frompatch 7 to patch U. Hastingsi2J proved that the positive equilibrium state is stab1e for suf…     

Supercritical age-dependent branching processes with immigration

This paper considers a population process where individuals reproduce according to an age-dependent branching process and immigrants enter the population at the event epochs of an ergodic point process. A limit theorem is proven for what corresponds to the supercritical case, and the limit random variable is investigated.     

Hopf bifurcations in a Ricardo-Malthus model

Brander and Taylor presented a simple and basic framework for discussing the problem on human population and renewable natural resources in the year 1998, and D’Alessandro recently extended this work mainly by introducing a nonlinear term into the model, if seeing from the mathematical point of view. A limit cycle in this new model was reported by the author via numerically simulated drawing. In this paper, we show that this limit cycle actually is a bifurcating limit cycle of a one-parameter Hopf bifurcation.     

分支依赖于人口总数的具有交互作用的超布朗运动

In this paper,we investigate the interacting super-Brownian motion depending on population size.This process can be viewed as the high density limit of a sequence of particle systems with branching mechanism depending on their population size.We will construct a limit function-valued dual process.     

Bifurcations in a predator–prey model with general logistic growth and exponential fading memory

A multiparameter predator–prey system generalizing the model introduced in [6] is considered. The system studied in this paper corresponds to the type of models with exponential fading memory where the logistic per capita rate growth of the prey is given by an arbitrary function of class C^k, k ≥ 3. We prove that the model has a Hopf bifurcation and that there exist open sets in the parameter space such that the system exhibits singular attractors and asymptotically stable limit cycles. A numerical simulation is conducted in order to show the existence of critical attractor elements.As pointed out by Ayala et al. in [14], the Lotka–Volterra model of interspecific competition, which is based on the logistic theory of population growth and assumes that the intra and interspecific competitive interactions between species are linear, does not explain satisfactorily the population dynamics of some species. This is due to fact that the model does not take into account some important features of the population, which affect its dynamics. The model introduced in this paper provides independent conditions of these facts, for the existence of a Hopf bifurcation and the asymptotically stable limit cycles.     

The natural environment and optimal population growth

This paper investigates the optimal growth of a population when resources conserved for recreation (or the natural environment) enter the social welfare function. If the CES welfare function and the Cobb-Douglass production function are assumed, the growth rate of a population should be determined as a weighted average of the growth rates of per capita income and of conserved resources per capita. In the long run, there should be a limit to the growth of a population. Examples of numerical solutions for optimal time paths of a population are also presented.     

Long Time Evolution of Populations under Selection and?Vanishing Mutations

In this paper, we consider a long time and vanishing mutations limit of an integro-differential model describing the evolution of a population structured with respect to a continuous phenotypic trait. We show that the asymptotic population is a steady-state of the evolution equation without mutations, and satisfies an evolutionary stability condition.     

生物种群的一类统计模型

以往关于生物种群增长的数学模型多是用微分方程和概率极限定理的方法来推导的。本文改用回归分析 ,系数显著性检验和残差检验的方法 ,直接从统计数字出发 ,得出美国人口在1880— 1960年的人口数字增长模型——正态前升模型。它是拟合得很好的不同以往的模型。并给出了初步的解释。     

污染环境中的非自治种群模型的生存分析

研究了环境污染对种群的长期影响.考虑到新生个体的出生对种群体内毒素的影响,以及死亡的种群个体将体内毒素带回环境,建立了一个非自治数学模型.主要运用比较定理得到了种群一致持续生存、弱持续生存以及绝灭的判据.     

TREATMENT VERSUS PREVENTION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER POLLUTION: AN INTER‐SECTORAL EXTERNALITY POLICY MODEL

Abstract This article presents an economic, hydrological, dynamic optimization model, which describes the negative external effects of nitrogen fertilizers on groundwater quality. The relative merits of treatment versus prevention of nitrogen pollution were analyzed. A dynamical water and nitrogen flow between land surface, the unsaturated zone, and groundwater was employed. A specific treatment technology, which gives rise to a discontinuous cost function, was also used. Applying the model to the coastal aquifer in Israel, our results showed that in a joint (agricultural and domestic) water source area that supplies a relatively small quantity of drinking water, it is more efficient to combine a policy that imposes restrictions on the use of nitrogen with a drinking‐water treatment process. However, when a relatively large quantity of drinking water is involved, imposing restrictions on the use of nitrogen only is more efficient. The paper, thus, is useful to planners of fast growing urban population centers with regard to regulation and can be used to calculate and evaluate specific policies.     

Stability of limit cycles in a pluripotent stem cell dynamics model

This paper is devoted to the study of the stability of limit cycles of a nonlinear delay differential equation with a distributed delay. The equation arises from a model of population dynamics describing the evolution of a pluripotent stem cells population. We study the local asymptotic stability of the unique nontrivial equilibrium of the delay equation and we show that its stability can be lost through a Hopf bifurcation. We then investigate the stability of the limit cycles yielded by the bifurcation using the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. We illustrate our results with some numerics.     

Some new limit theorems for the critical branching process allowing immigration

Some limit theorems are obtained for the population size of a critical Bienaymé-Galton-Watson process allowing immigration and where the variance of the offspring distribution is infinite. An application is given to a limit theorem for the situation where the immigration does not occur but the population size is conditioned on non-extinction until the remote future. This complements a well-known result of Slack.     

Asymptotic normality for two-stage sampling from a finite population

Summary In this paper we consider two-stage sampling from a finite population, and associated estimators of the population total, in a general setting which includes most two-stage procedures in the literature. The main result gives general conditions for asymptotic normality of the estimators. The proof is based on a martingale central limit theorem. It is indicated how the result can be extended to multi-stage procedures.     

A uniqueness theorem for a free boundary problem

In this paper, we prove a uniqueness theorem for a free boundary problem which is given in the form of a variational inequality. This free boundary problem arises as the limit of an equation that serves as a basic model in population biology. Apart from the interest in the problem itself, the techniques used in this paper, which are based on the regularity theory of variational inequalities and of harmonic functions, are of independent interest, and may have other applications.

     

Stochastic population dynamics under regime switching II

This is a continuation of our paper [Q. Luo, X. Mao, Stochastic population dynamics under regime switching, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 334 (2007) 69-84] on stochastic population dynamics under regime switching. In this paper we still take both white and color environmental noise into account. We show that a sufficient large white noise may make the underlying population extinct while for a relatively small noise we give both asymptotically upper and lower bound for the underlying population. In some special but important situations we precisely describe the limit of the average in time of the population.     

耗损型产品的可靠性评估方法

本文研究耗损型产品可靠度的评定方法 .耗损型产品的可靠度随着每次的使用 ,可靠度会有所降低 .根据多次使用的试验数据 ,推断产品在某次使用之后的可靠度 .这是一个变动母体的统计推断问题 .本文在变动母体的假定下给出了耗损型产品可靠度的置信下限     

Survival criterion for a population subject to selection and mutations; Application to temporally piecewise constant environments

We study a parabolic Lotka–Volterra type equation that describes the evolution of a population structured by a phenotypic trait, under the effects of mutations and competition for resources modelled by a nonlocal feedback. The limit of small mutations is characterized by a Hamilton–Jacobi equation with constraint that describes the concentration of the population on some traits. This result was already established in Barles and Perthame (2008); Barles et al. (2009); Lorz et al. (2011) in a time-homogeneous environment, when the asymptotic persistence of the population was ensured by assumptions on either the growth rate or the initial data. Here, we relax these assumptions to extend the study to situations where the population may go extinct at the limit. For that purpose, we provide conditions on the initial data for the asymptotic fate of the population. Finally, we show how this study for a time-homogeneous environment allows to consider temporally piecewise constant environments.     

The Effect of Dispersal on Population Growth with Stage-structure

The effect of dispersal on the permanence of population in a polluted patch is studied in this paper. The authors constructed a single-species dispersal model with stage-structure in two patches. The analysis focuses on the case that the toxicant input in the polluted patch has a limit value. The authors derived the conditions under which the population will be either permanent, or extinct.     

Escape times for branching processes with random mutational fitness effects

We consider a large declining population of cells under an external selection pressure, modeled as a subcritical branching process. This population has genetic variation introduced at a low rate which leads to the production of exponentially expanding mutant populations, enabling population escape from extinction. Here we consider two possible settings for the effects of the mutation: Case (I) a deterministic mutational fitness advance and Case (II) a random mutational fitness advance. We first establish a functional central limit theorem for the renormalized and sped up version of the mutant cell process. We establish that in Case (I) the limiting process is a trivial constant stochastic process, while in Case (II) the limit process is a continuous Gaussian process for which we identify the covariance kernel. Lastly we apply the functional central limit theorem and some other auxiliary results to establish a central limit theorem (in the large initial population limit) of the first time at which the mutant cell population dominates the population. We find that the limiting distribution is Gaussian in both Cases (I) and (II), but a logarithmic correction is needed in the scaling for Case (II). This problem is motivated by the question of optimal timing for switching therapies to effectively control drug resistance in biomedical applications.