动力刚化问题的实验研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦 的问题进行了数值模拟研究. 研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在 圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时，绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减；不同马赫数 的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波，导致聚焦效果和位置的差异；另外， 环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线,两者有本质不同.     

热振联合环境试验技术研究

针对工作在高温叠加振动环境中的飞行器结构进行热振联合环境试验的需要,研究了一种基于激光测量的非接触式热振联合环境试验技术,并基于该技术搭建了一套热振联合环境试验系统对某试验件进行试验,该系统包括振动试验系统和加热试验系统两个独立并行的子系统。试验结果表明,基于非接触式热振联合环境试验技术的热振联合环境试验系统在提供试验件所需振动环境的同时,可以精确地模拟试验件实际使用中的加热过程,具有较好的实用价值。     

Bistable buckled beam and force actuation: Experimental validations

This paper presents recent experimental results on the switching of a simply supported buckled beam. Moreover, the present work is focussed on the experimental validation of a switching mechanism of a bistable beam presented in details in Camescasse et al. (2013). An actuating force is applied perpendicularly to the beam axis. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the force position on the beam on the switching scenario. The experimental set-up is described and special care is devoted to the procedure of experimental tests highlighting the main difficulties and how these difficulties have been overcome. Two situations are examined: (i) a beam subject to mid-span actuation and (ii) off-center actuation. The bistable beam responses to the loading are experimentally determined for the buckling force and actuating force as a function of the vertical position of the applied force (displacement control). A series of photos demonstrates the scenarios for both situations and the bifurcation between buckling modes are clearly shown, as well. The influence of the application point of the force on the bifurcation force is experimentally studied which leads to a minimum for the bifurcation actuating force. All the results extracted from experimental tests are compared to those coming from the modeling investigation presented in a previous work (Camescasse et al., 2013) which ascertains the proposed model for a bistable beam.     

On dual-grid level-set method for contact line modeling during impact of a droplet on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces

In this paper, a numerical methodology for modeling contact line motion in a dual-grid level-set method (DGLSM) – solved on a uniform grid for interface which is twice that for the flow equations – is presented. A quasi-dynamic contact angle model – based on experimental inputs – is implemented to model the dynamic wetting of a droplet, impacting on a hydrophobic or a superhydrophobic surface. High-speed visualization experiments are also presented for the impact of a water droplet on hydrophobic surfaces, with non-bouncing at smaller and bouncing at larger impact velocity. The experimental results for temporal variation of the droplet shapes, wetted-diameter and maximum height of the droplet match very well with the DGLSM based numerical results. The validation of the numerical results is also presented with already published experimental results, for the non-bouncing on a hydrophobic and bouncing on a superhydrophobic surface, at a constant impact velocity. Finally, a qualitative as well as quantitative performance of the DGLSM as compared to the traditional level set method (LSM) is presented by considering our experimental results. The accuracy of the partially refined DGLSM is close to that of the fine-grid based LSM, at a computation cost which is close to that of the coarse-grid based LSM. The DGLSM is demonstrated as an improved LSM for the computational multi-fluid dynamics (CMFD) simulations involving contact line motion.     

Direct numerical simulation of turbulent pipe flow

Fully developed turbulent pipe flow at low Re-number is studied by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). In contrast to many previous DNS's of turbulent flows in rectangular geometries, the present DNS code, developed for a cylindrical geometry, is based on the finite volume technique rather than being based on a spectral method. The statistical results are compared with experimental data obtained with two different experimental techniques. The agreement between numerical and experimental results is found to be good which indicates that the present DNS code is suited for this kind of numerical simulations.     

Sharp entry and transition effects for laminar combined convection of water in vertical tubes

In previous work the authors showed a sharp entry to have a definite effect on laminar forced convection to water in a vertical circular tube. The study has been extended to situations of strong aiding natural convection, and new experimental data and numerical predictions are reported. The expected entry effect is confirmed, but it is found to be less marked in a strong combined convection field than in the previous forced convection study. The experimental data also include evidence of transition from laminar flow, and a possible criterion of transition is investigated, based on the axial location of minimum local Nusselt number. This is experimental and predictive data for this criterion are compared with the experimental correlation of Lawrence and Chato based on a criterion of temperature fluctuations     

Nonlinear System Identification of Systems with Periodic Limit-Cycle Response

A nonlinear system identification methodology based on the principle of harmonic balance and bifurcation theory techniques like center manifold analysis and normal form reduction, is presented for multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The methodology, called Bifurcation Theory System IDentification, (BiTSID), is a general procedure for any nonlinear system that exhibits periodic limit cycle response and can be used to capture the bifurcation behavior of the nonlinear systems. The BiTSID methodology is demonstrated on an experimental system single-degree-of-freedom system that deals with self-excited motions of a fluid-structure system with a sub-critical Hopf bifurcation. It is shown that BiTSID performs excellently in capturing the stable and unstable limit cycles within the experimental regime. Its performance outside the experimental regime is also studied. The application of BiTSID to experimental multi-degree-of-freedom systems has also been very successful. However in this study only the results of the single-degree-of-freedom system are presented.     

高速切削实验平台在力学实验教学中的应用

传统的力学实验已无法满足研究生创新性实验教学的需要。为了使研究生在科学研究中掌握实验分析的基本方法和技能,本文基于Hopkinson压杆加载技术建立了一套高速切削实验系统。该实验系统作为一个科研平台,能够实现切削过程的瞬态冻结并完成变形场和切削力的实时测量,可为高速切削机理研究提供基础实验数据。同时,该实验系统也是一个综合性的实验平台。基于该平台,可以完成金相分析、光栅光纤测力、变形场测量以及塑性本构分析等力学实验教学。高速切削实验平台将力学实验与科学研究相结合,有利于培养研究生独立分析与研究的能力,为研究生未来的科研工作打下基础。     

Numerical and Experimental Study of Bubble Dynamics in Contact with a Solid Surface

A complex numerical and experimental method is proposed for studying 3D dynamics of a bubble contacting with a surface in the presence of an acoustic field. The numerical approach is based on the boundary element method for potential flows, which is most efficient for solving the problems in a 3D formulation. The use of heterogeneous computer architectures consisting of central graphic processors and becoming more and more popular makes it possible to increase the scale of the problem and sufficiently reduce the calculation time. The mesh destabilization problems are solved using a spherical filter. To describe the contact line dynamics, a semi-empirical law of motion is used. The experimental method is based on high-speed recording and optical microscopy. An air bubble contacts with the inner surface of an experimental cell made from acrylic glass and filled with distilled water. The acoustic field in the cell generated by a disk-shaped acoustic radiator is measured using a hydrophone. The behavior of the bubble contacting with a hydrophillic surface is considered for the cases of a fixed or moving contact line. The shape and volume oscillations of the bubble are investigated. The results of numerical simulations agree qualitatively with the experimental data.     

实验／分析模态双协调综合的实现

本文讨论了实验/分析模态双协调综合实现中实验子结构转角自由度和集中力矩柔度的测量问题。首次提出基于有限元理论的双无加载概念,并通过仿真计算说明其在转角自由度测量的应用价值.最后以一汽车底架模型为实例,经过分析综合和实验(/分析)综合,实践了本文的主题.     

轴对称液体环的形成、变形和破碎的研究

为了实现液体环的轴对称径向扩展运动,提出了一种新的实验方法及设备。这种新的实验设备是由垂直的无膜激波管和液体环发生器所组成,可以用来观察轴对称液体环的形成、变形和破碎过程。轴对称液体环抛撒过程的实验研究已在这种实验设备上完成,并得到了相应的一系列流场照片。对实验结果的分析表明,液体表面的不稳定性是造成液体环破碎的主要原因。     

Water Vapor Adsorption in Porous Building Materials: Experimental Measurement and Theoretical Analysis

An experimental and theoretical analysis of the water vapor adsorption in several types of porous building materials is presented. For the measurement of adsorption isotherms, a DVS-Advantage water sorption device is used. The experimental data is analyzed using theoretical formulas based on the BET, BSB, BDDT, and FHH isotherms, assuming a mono as well as multi-layer water vapor adsorption. The BSB equation is found to provide a good approximation for the relative humidities below 0.6–0.7, whereas the FHH equation shows a sufficient accuracy for the relative humidities above 0.4–0.5. Based on a combination of BSB and FHH isotherms, a semi-empirical formula is proposed that allows one to obtain a very accurate approximation of experimental data for all analyzed materials and all values of the relative humidity.     

生物激波管及动物耐受性的实验研究

在冲击伤研究中,必须针对两种试验方式分别对致伤机理、耐受性和机体瞬时动力学响应等进行研究。只有这样才能得到近真实的研究结果。文中介绍了能够模拟爆炸波波形因素和满足动物冲击伤实验研究物理参数要求的BST-Ⅰ型生物激波管。它是国内第一台用于生物实验的激波管。文中有应用该管开口和端板的两种实验方式,选用51只成年雄性杂种狗作耐受性实验观察。对实验结果作了分析。     

Procedure for constructing an equation of state for a liquid from experimental p,v, T data with the aid of a computer

We propose a procedure for the construction of an equation of state of a liquid on a computer, based on the simultaneous determination of all the coefficients of the equation by the method of least squares. This enables one to describe experimental p, v, T data analytically, as represented for individual values of temperature and pressure for every experimental point. The procedure is tested on the basis of experimental data on liquid nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 2, pp. 119–124, March–April, 1972.     

Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of water spray impact and transport over a cylinder

This study compares experimental measurements and numerical simulations of liquid droplets over heated (to a near surface temperature of 423 K) and unheated cylinders. The numerical model is based on an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) formulation using a stochastic separated flow (SSF) approach for the droplets that includes submodels for droplet dispersion, heat and mass transfer, and impact on a solid surface. The details of the droplet impact model are presented and the model is used to simulate water spray impingement on a cylinder. Computational results are compared with experimental measurements using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI). Overall, good agreement is observed between predictions and experimental measurements of droplet mean size and velocity downstream of the cylinder.     

Some relations and tests on a constitutive equation with a factorized memory function

A recently proposed form for a constitutive equation for polymeric liquids is considered. The equation is of a strain-dependent type with a memory function factorized into time- and strain-dependent components. Relations are developed in simple shear flow which allow one to directly test the factorability assumption with experimental data. An exponential form for the strain-dependent component is then compared with experimental data on a polystyrene solution.     

On the crack face boundary conditions in electromechanical fracture and an experimental protocol for determining energy release rates

The fracture mechanics of electromechanical materials has been investigated for well over a decade, yet there still exists controversy over the appropriate crack face boundary conditions for non-conducting cracks. In this paper an experimental protocol for measuring the energy release rate in a non-linear reversible electromechanical body is proposed and summarized. The potential results from the proposed experimental approach are capable of shedding light on the true physical nature of the conditions prevailing at the crack surface and in the space within the crack. The experimental procedure is simulated numerically for a linear piezoelectric specimen in a four point bending configuration subjected to electrical loading perpendicular to the crack. The focus of these investigations is on a comparison between the commonly used exact crack face boundary condition and the recently proposed energetically consistent boundary conditions. To perform the numerical calculation with a wide range of electrical and mechanical loadings, two efficient finite element formulations are presented for the general analysis of crack problems with non-linear crack face boundary conditions. Methods for the numerical determination of the crack tip energy release rate and the simulation of the experimental method for obtaining the total energy release rate are developed. Numerical results for the crack tip and total energy release rate are given for both the exact and energetically consistent boundary conditions. It is shown that the crack tip energy release rate calculated under energetically consistent boundary conditions is equal to the total energy release rate generated from the simulated experimental method. When the exact boundary conditions are used, there is no such agreement.