Timing jitter induced by intrachannel interactions in optical fiber communication systems using CFG as dispersion compensator

In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed for the analysis of timing jitter induced by intrachannel interactions in optical fiber communication systems using chirped fiber grating (CFG) as dispersion compensator. And for the first time, the impact of group-delay ripple (GDR) on timing jitter is taken into account in detail, theoretically and numerically. Results show that the GDR may increase or decrease the timing jitter of certain pair of adjacent pulses, deciding by the ripple parameters. The maximum influence will be obtained when ripple period is about 2/5 of the input pulse width. In practical systems, the GDR enhance the timing jitter for some adjacent pulses while reduce it for some other adjacent pulses, depending on the pulse pattern and the GDR parameters. In our simulation, the GDR guarantees a 3.04 ps increase of the standard deviation of the timing jitter.     

光时分复用准线性传输系统的非线性相互作用

研究了高速色散控制准线性传输系统中的信道内交叉相位调制和信道内四波混频等非线性相互作用,分析了信道内交叉相位调制导致定时抖动和信道内四波混频导致振幅抖动随距离和色散分布强度变化的规律,然后运用快速傅里叶变换法分析了信道内交叉相位调制导致的2^5-1的伪随机码流的定时抖动和振幅抖动及寄生脉冲的产生．证实了理论分析。最后通过数值模拟实现了色散分布强度为127的强色散控制系统中准线性脉冲序列1600km的稳定传输,结论对用标准单模光纤实现高速传输具有重要意义。     

CiADS束流负载效应前馈补偿的仿真评估

在高功率超导质子直线加速器中，束流负载效应是影响超导腔幅相稳定性的一个重要因素。本工作基于谐振腔建场模型，开发了超导腔系统束流负载效应的时域仿真程序，分析了束流负载效应对超导腔幅相稳定性的影响，并在C-ADS注入器II上通过相关实验测量对仿真结果进行了验证。利用该程序，评估了CiADS超导直线加速器脉冲束流的脉冲长度，以及前馈补偿的时序抖动和束流纹波等因素对腔中电磁场幅相稳定度的影响。仿真结果表明:在当前CiADS直线加速器设计参数下，为满足超导腔中电磁场0.1%与在高功率超导质子直线加速器中，束流负载效应是影响超导腔幅相稳定性的一个重要因素。本工作基于谐振腔建场模型，开发了超导腔系统束流负载效应的时域仿真程序，分析了束流负载效应对超导腔幅相稳定性的影响，并在C-ADS注入器II上通过相关实验测量对仿真结果进行了验证。利用该程序，评估了CiADS超导直线加速器脉冲束流的脉冲长度，以及前馈补偿的时序抖动和束流纹波等因素对腔中电磁场幅相稳定度的影响。仿真结果表明:在当前CiADS直线加速器设计参数下，为满足超导腔中电磁场0.1%与$0.1^{\circ}$的幅相稳定度指标，前馈时序抖动的偏差不能超过0.79 μs，束流流强的直流偏差不能超过0.9%，并且给出了束流纹波的最大抖动幅值与纹波频率之间的关系。这些结果将为CiADS超导直线加速器相关子系统技术指标的确定提供依据。     

Analysis of nonlinear phase noise in single-channel return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying transmission systems

Self-phase modulation and intrachannel cross-phase-modulation- (IXPM) induced nonlinear phase noise is investigated by the variational method. IXPM can cause a considerable increase of phase noise. We show, however, that IXPM leads to a partial correlation between the phase noises of adjacent pulses, which tends to reduce the influence of nonlinear phase noise in return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying transmission. In highly dispersive transmission systems, intrachannel four-wave mixing-induced differential phase fluctuations are typically larger than differential nonlinear phase noise. The analysis is validated by Monte Carlo simulation.     

Mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with intra-cavity polarization modulation

Erbium-doped fiber lasers are normally actively mode-locked through amplitude modulation or phase modulation. In this paper, we demonstrate that the laser can also be mode-locked by employing polarization modulation with a polarization-dependent cavity loss. We obtain a nearly transform-limited mode-locked pulse train at 10 GHz repetition rate with timing jitter as low as 164 fs. The timing jitter is only limited by the timing jitter of the driving signal.     

Reduction of phase jitter in dispersion-managed systems by in-line filtering

The influence of in-line filters on the phase jitter of chirped optical pulses propagating in arbitrary dispersion-managed systems is studied with a semianalytic moment method. Because of its stabilizing effect on the amplitude, filtering reduces the nonlinear phase jitter that accumulates through self-phase modulation. As in the case of constant-dispersion soliton links, we observe that the phase variance grows only linearly with distance in the presence of filtering. Phase jitter reduction is observed and accurately predicted by the moment method in two dispersion-managed systems with different levels of nonlinearity and filter strength.     

Observation of quantum-limited timing jitter in an active, harmonically mode-locked fiber laser

We report on the observation of quantum-limited timing jitter in a harmonically mode-locked soliton fiber laser with an ultralow-noise local oscillator. The effects of amplitude and phase modulation on the spectrum are described and compared with theory.     

啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制和相位扰动对压缩光脉冲的影响

 通过采用分步傅里叶变换法求解非线性薛定谔方程,模拟了啁啾光脉冲有振幅调制和相位扰动下的自相位调制（SPM）对压缩光脉冲对比度和预脉冲宽度的影响。结果表明：啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制深度和相位扰动深度越大,则压缩后的光脉冲对比度越小;啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制周期和相位扰动周期越小,则压缩光脉冲的预脉冲宽度越大。     

10 GHz ultra-stable short optical pulse generation via phase-modulation enhanced dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator

We report on a high rate, ultra-low timing jitter, short optical pulse generator based on cascaded amplitude and phase modulation in an optoelectronic oscillator. The radio-frequency supermodes are shown to be greatly suppressed with the dual-loop architecture, and a highly coherent and flat optical frequency comb is generated. Optical pulses of 12.8 ps duration are obtained with 27.5 fs integrated timing jitter from 100 Hz to 10 MHz.     

Ultralow-jitter and -amplitude-noise semiconductor-based actively mode-locked laser

We report a semiconductor-based, low-noise, 10.24 GHz actively mode-locked laser with 4.65 fs of relative timing jitter and a 0.0365% amplitude fluctuation (1 Hz to 100 MHz) of the optical pulse train. The keys to obtaining this result were the laser's high optical power and the low phase noise of the rf source used to mode lock the laser. The low phase noise of the rf source not only improves the absolute and relative timing jitter of the laser, but also prevents coupling of the rf source phase noise to the pulse amplitude fluctuations by the mode-locked laser.     

Reversing intrachannel ghost-pulse generation by midspan self-phase modulation

Intrachannel pulse interactions are the dominating nonlinear effects in modern transmission systems with high modulation speeds. Scaled symmetries have proved to be effective in suppressing amplitude and timing jitter of mark pulses due to nonlinearity but not for ghost-pulse generation into the empty slots. A method of using midspan self-phase modulation to reverse the generation of ghost pulses due to intrachannel four-wave mixing is proposed. Computer simulations demonstrate significant improvement of signal quality by a combination of scaled symmetries and midspan self-phase modulation.     

Postnonlinearity compensation with data-driven phase modulators in phase-shift keying transmission

A novel scheme for postnonlinearity compensation is proposed to reduce the phase jitter in phase-shift keying transmission. A phase modulator is used to modulate the phase of the data pulses in front of the receiver. The magnitude of the phase modulation is proportional to the detected pulse intensity, and the sign is opposite to that of the nonlinear phase shift caused by self-phase modulation. Thus, the nonlinear phase noise induced by amplitude fluctuation and self-phase modulation is partially compensated for. We show by numerical simulations that a differential phase-shift keying dispersion-managed soliton system at 10Gbits/s with such postnonlinearity compensation can provide greater than 3dB of improvement in ultralong-haul dense wavelength-division multiplexing transmissions.     

一种测量电子束微脉冲时间抖动的新方法

 提出了一种高灵敏度电子束微脉冲时间抖动的测量方法。该方法采用传统的测量束团位置及电荷量的四条带束流位置探头，用混合环对感应信号进行处理，对共振频率为2.856GHz的谐波分量用MIXER与2.856GHz的参考信号进行相位比较，并由此得到电子束团微脉冲时间抖动值。     

Non-Gaussian statistics of soliton timing jitter induced by amplifier noise

Based on first-order perturbation theory of the soliton, the Gordon-Haus timing jitter induced by amplifier noise is found to be non-Gaussian distributed. Both frequency and timing jitter have larger tail probabilities than Gaussian distribution given by the linearized perturbation theory. The timing jitter has a larger discrepancy from Gaussian distribution than does the frequency jitter.     

差分相移键控色散管理孤子多扰动系统的相位抖动

差分相移键控(DPSK)调制方式和色散管理孤子传输方式的结合能抵制噪声和非线性损伤,在高速(40 Gbit/s以上)多信道系统中具有突出的优点。采用变分法分析了多波长信道的放大自发辐射(ASE)噪声、信号间的非线性串扰(ISI)等多种扰动因素引起差分相移键控色散管理孤子系统的均方根相位抖动,给出了扰动的作用区域以及各扰动的大小。研究发现,放大自发辐射引起的抖动与传输距离成三次方的关系,而交叉相位调制(XPM)引起的抖动与距离近似成线性关系。通过优化选择色散管理图强度范围1.5~3.5,各种扰动得到了抑制,而以放大自发辐射扰动抑制为最大,此时要远低于交叉相位调制引起的抖动,然后分别是交叉相位调制-放大自发辐射扰动和交叉相位调制,从而波分复用系统主要来自于增加信道数这一客观限制。     

Optimized all-optical amplitude reshaping by exploiting nonlinear phase shift in fiber for degenerated FWM

We describe a novel performance optimization method for all-optical amplitude reshaping via degenerated four-wave mixing(FWM) in highly nonlinear optical fiber.The proposed optimization method is achieved by judiciously configuring the FWM operational condition and exploiting the nonlinear phase shift induced by self-and cross-phase modulations to properly influence the FWM conversion efficiency.Through the proposed scheme,fully functional and prevailing reshaping performance,including significant amplitude jitter suppression and extinction ratio improvement,is obtained within a single FWM stage.Results of the present theoretical calculation and numerical simulation verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme.     

飞秒锁模固态激光器中放大的自发辐射导致的时基抖动

基于飞秒锁模固态激光系统,推导了激光脉冲的振幅、脉宽的倒数、啁啾、频率、中心位置和位相的运动方程.在低的白噪声的假设下,估算了含啁啾的钛宝石激光器中由放大的自发辐射引起的时基抖动.结果表明:对于一台脉冲轮廓为sech²(1763t/τ)的确定的锁模固态激光系统,时基抖动近似为净群速延迟色散(GDD)的线性函数,且随着GDD的增加而变大;然而,即便在GDD被完全补偿的情况下,时基抖动也不会是零 关键词： 时基抖时 放大的自发辐射 飞秒锁模固态激光系统     

Timing Jitter in Amplitude Modulated Harmonically Mode-Locked Er-Doped Fiber Ring Lasers

The phase noise and the amplitude noise of optical pulses from the amplitude modulated harmonically mode-locked (AM-HML) Er-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser was investigated by measuring the power spectra of the optical pulses. The root mean square (RMS) timing jitter and the RMS amplitude noise are 1.26 ps and 2.5% (500 Hz-50 kHz), respectively, when the pulse repetition frequency is 1.58 GHz. They are smaller than those in conventional harmonically mode-locked EDF ring lasers.     

影响光纤参量振荡器全光时钟提取性能的因素分析

实验考察了输入光信号调制速率、泵浦功率、偏振态以及光纤参量振荡器（FOPO）环形腔内光纤长度、光偏振旋转等因素对FOPO提取的时钟信号相位抖动和幅度噪声的影响。实验表明,在光时钟信号相位抖动均方值（RMS）为0.025 UI的容限内,基于FOPO的全光时钟提取方案对这些变化因素的承受能力分别为:8.2 kHz的输入信号调制速率变化、5 dB的泵浦光功率变化、20泵浦信号方位角变化、2 mm的腔内光纤长度变化以及14的腔内信号方位角变化。这为进一步提高基于FOPO全光时钟提取性能提供了重要实验依据。     

采用光纤拉曼放大改善1550 nm外调制有线电视系统的组合二阶失真指标

为克服长距离光纤有线电视（CATV）系统中采用高增益掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）所带来的非线性损伤．对在残留边带调幅（AM—VSB）外调制光纤有线电视系统中采用光纤分布拉曼放大时的组合二阶失真（CSO）进行了,理论研究。根据拉曼放大对信号光强的增益作用。导出了分布拉曼放大条件下的薛定谔方程。并采用微扰法解出了存在拉曼分布放大时,残留边带调幅外调制有线电视系统中．自相位调制（SPM）导致的组合二阶失真的解析表达式。相应数值计算结果表明．相对于采用掺铒光纤放大器功放．采用相同放大倍数的分布托曼放大可使长距离系统中自相位调制导致的组合二阶失真性能改善10dB以上。因此可以得出结论：在长距离残留边带调幅凋制的有线电视系统中,采用分布式光纤拉曼放大可以较好地改善由自相位调制导致的组合二阶失真恶化。