生物藻分离富集法在痕量元素分析中的应用及进展

生物藻分离富集痕量元素具有快速、简便、选择性好、富集效率高等特点，可望发展成为一种应用于痕量和超痕量元素分析的很有前途的特性分离富集方法。本文简述了这一领域的最新研究成果。     

马家塔矿煤层中有害痕量元素的质量分数特性

应用仪器中子活化（INAA）、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP AES）和原子吸收光谱（AAS）对神华集团马家塔露天矿2-2#煤层中Hg、As、Se、Pb、Be、Cr、Cd、Ni、Th、U、Mn、Mo、Co、Sb和Br共15种有害痕量元素的质量分数进行测定。结果表明，绝大部分痕量元素的质量分数都明显低于中国煤中元素质量分数的平均值，只有Hg和Mn的质量分数偏高，其中Hg的质量分数异常高；通过分析痕量元素在煤层垂向剖面上的质量分数变化特性，揭示出痕量元素在煤层中分布的非均一性,分析了影响痕量元素分布与富集的因素；通过痕量元素之间以及与黄铁矿硫、Fe、Al、Ca、P的聚类分析，研究了痕量元素之间以及与煤中不同矿物组分之间的亲和特性。     

玄武岩矿物纤维中铁含量的催化光度法测定

1 引 言痕量铁对抗坏血酸还原对硝基重氮氨基邻甲苯偶氮苯的褪色反应有强烈催化怍用。新的催化光度法测定玄武岩纤维中的痕量铁与快速昂贵的电子探针方法相比较,具有使用仪器简单、准确、测斌费用低,并能进行痕量铁的测定,两者结果基本一致,因此,可以根据实际需要,相互补充进行材料中铁含量(痕量和常量)的测定。     

共价氢化物与汞离子反应的研究：痕量锗高灵敏度分析方法

报道了一种氢化物发生－冷原子荧光法间接测定痕量锗的新方法。找出最佳实验条件并将此法用于植物及水样中痕量锗测定，结果令人满意。方法简便、快速、灵敏。对水中痕量锗检出限０．１μＬｇ／Ｌ，回收率９２％以上。     

痕量水分标准装置研究进展

介绍痕量水分标准装置的研究进展。目前已有多种成熟的检测高纯气体中痕量水分的仪器,而对于这些检测仪器的校准则需要能稳定发生痕量水分的标准装置。对国际上已有的痕量水分发生标准装置的原理和相关研究进行介绍和总结,并分析了国内相关领域的现状,为我国气体痕量水分标准发生装置的研究提供参考。     

动力学光度法测定痕量Br^—的研究（Ⅱ）

基于痕量溴对溴酸钾氧化罗丹明Ｂ反应的强抑制作用，建立了测定痕量Ｂｒ＾－的新动力学法度法。检出限为０．６ｎｇ／ｍＬ。大多数阳离子、阴离子不干扰测定，用于化学试剂中痕量Ｂｒ＾－的测定，结果满意。     

催化褪色光度法测定痕量碲(Ⅳ)的研究

痕量碲的测定,一般采用原子吸收光度法和原子发射光谱法等。本文研究了硫酸介质中痕量碲(Ⅳ)催化高碘酸钾、过氧化氢和中性红之间的褪色反应及动力学条件,建立了测定痕量碲(Ⅳ)的新方法。     

痕量分析中的流动注射法

本文讨论了流动注射分析(FIA)技术在痕量分析中的突出优点,阐述了该技术在痕量分析领域中的应用。文中介绍的流动注射原子光谱分析、流动注射在线分离和浓集技术、流动注射催化动力学方法以及流动注射化学发光、生物发光分析等在痕量分析中具有广阔的发展前景。     

痕量稀土的发光光谱分析

近年来,随着原子能工业、电子工业以及稀土电光材料的迅速发展,对痕量稀土测试方法的灵敏度提出了新的要求。迫切需要探索一些灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便,准确可靠的痕量稀土测试方法。在痕量稀土测试方法中,发射光谱法和萤光X-射线光谱法是两种最常用的手段。这两种手段经过长期的探索,都有一套定型的设备和成熟的方法。特别是通过设备的改进以及新技术的采用,在痕量稀土测试工作中取得了相当的成功。目前,根据有关报道:对于测定灵敏度最佳的痕量稀土来说,利用发射光谱法在高纯单一     

动力学光度法测定痕量Br~－的研究（Ⅱ）

基子痕量嗅对嗅酸钾氧化罗丹明Ｂ反应的强抑制作用，建立了测定痕量Ｂｒ￣－的新动力学光度法。检出限为０．６ｎｇ／ｍＬ。大多数阳离子、阴离子不干扰测定，用于化学试剂中痕量Ｂｒ￣－的测定，结果满意。     

虚证与微量元素研究

近年来．科研工作者报道了大量中成药中微量元素的音量．并从性味、归经、炮制、药效等诸多方面探讨了与微量元素的关系．尤其是研究证实微量元素与虚证证型有密切关系,对虚证患者血清或发中锌值降低、铜／锌比值增高等认识较统一．为中医辨证论治提供了比较客观的指标．本文综述了微量元素与中医各种虚证证型的研究,以及微量元素与补虚中成药之间的研究概况．提示微量元素与虚证中医药的研究将为中医药的更高层次的探索开辟新路．     

四君子汤和四物汤微量元素含量研究

通过了解中药“四君子汤”和“四物汤”中微量元素含量的异同,研讨了微量元素和中医“气血”理论之间的关系。实验表明,“四君子汤”和“四物汤”在微量元素的含量方面,有一定的类同和差异。该现象同中医的“气血”理论有非常相像的地方。同时发现中药中的微量元素在煎煮过程中,并不是同想象的一样匀速进入药液,而是不同的元素在不同的时间段不同的批次进入药液,这也提示中药煎法理论有一定依据。由于目前做的实验还少,本实验留下很多问题和疑点,值得进一步做有关的实验和研究。     

On-line trace preconcentration / matrix separation by high-performance flow atomic spectrometry (HPF-FLAME AAS)

Summary In HPF-atomic spectrometry a high-performance flow / hydraulic high-pressure nebulization (HPF / HHPN) system is used for sample introduction and aerosol generation. By employment of techniques common in HPLC or ion chromatography, on-line trace element preconcentration / matrix separation and atomic spectrometric trace determinations can be carried out. Preconcentration of trace elements in samples of drinking water allows determinations within the lower g/L region by using flame AAS. On-line trace element preconcentration / matrix separation from aluminium leads to detection limits of approx. 0.1 to 1 g/g within less than 3 min of total analysis time. Dependent on concentration and the element involved, the relative standard deviation amounts to approx. 2 to 4% (2.5 to 25 g/g traces/aluminium).Dedicated to Professor Dr. Wilhelm Fresenius on the occasion of his 80th birthday     

人体五行微量元素与百草元营养包均衡食疗的研究

通过对人体五行微量元素与食物吸收微量元素影响因素分析,采用“健脾开胃”均衡食疗配方,对百草元营养包的研制作了全面的介绍和论述。经临床患者食疗结果表明：总有效率为98%．该产品达到了预期设计目标与均衡食疗要求．     

Application of the differential scanning calorimeter to purity measurements

This paper presents a new method for the calculation of the purity of organic, non-polymeric samples using the recorder trace from a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Perkin-Elmer Corp. The entire DSC recorder trace is employed rather than only the initial portion of the curve. The previous trial and error choice of energy lost by the DSC trace has been replaced by a definite numerical value. Meaningful purity values have been obtained from a single DSC trace on samples of from 95 to 99.9% purity. This new method has been demonstrated to provide more accurate and less ambiguous results than the manufacturer's procedure.     

中国微量元素科学研究现状、意义、问题和对策

通过"从统计数字看现状"、"从科研成果看意义"、"从社会现象看问题"和"为持续发展想对策"等四个方面高度概括了中国微量元素科学研究走过的30多年历程,为该学科今后的持续发展提供了方向性的意见和讨论的基础。     

Size fractionation techniques combined with INAA for speciation purposes

In natural waters trace elements, especially trace metals may be present in a variety of physicochemical forms. They may be associated with forms ranging from simple ions and molecules via hydrolysis products and colloids, pseudocolloids and organic or inorganic particles. The transition between categories is gradual. The presence of species differing in size, charge and density will influence on the transport, mobility and bioavailability of the trace element in question. Fractionation techniques which do not influence the distribution patterns are therefore required for speciation purposes. In the present work dialysis in situ and large membrane (hollow fibers) ultrafiltration are used for fractionation of low molecular weight species, colloids, pseudocolloids and particles. Due to the presence of foreign components transformation processes influence the distribution patterns of trace elements of interest. Sorption to foreign surfaces, complexation with agents present and aggregation of colloids (e.g., increasing ionic strength) result in a shift towards higher dimensions while desorption and dispersion processes mobilize the trace elements. Information on several components is therefore needed in speciation studies and a multielemental method of analysis having low determination limits must be applied. Instrumental neutron activation is appropriate to this kind of study because of its high sensitivity for simultaneous determination of a great-number of elements. Size fractionation techniques combined with INAA for the characterization of trace element species in natural waters will be discussed.     

A microbatch anion-exchange technique for matrix separation

Summary A rapid and simple one-vessel microbatch anionexchange method has been developed for matrix separation prior to the AAS determination of the trace elements. The method can be applied to the separation of matrix elements which are strongly sorbed on anion exchangers, e.g. gold, palladium, bismuth a.o. The method was illustrated by the flame or ET-AAS determination of 20 trace elements in pure gold. The limits of detection were from 0.002 to 0.4 g/g, the RSD from 3 to 8% depending on the trace element.     

Trace elements in the water cycle of the Šalek valley,Slovenia, using INAA

Three watersheds were studied by sampling bulk precipitation deposition, seepage water at 50 cm soil depth and spring water. As the main analytical method for determination of trace elements and heavy metals in water samples, thek ₀-based method of INAA was used. The results showed an increased content and concentration range of trace elements in precipitation, soil water and spring water in the vicinity of the otanj Thermal Power Plant. We demonstrated that thek ₀-based method of INAA as a multielement nondestructive technique is a highly suitable approach to determining some toxic trace elements in environmental studies of the water cycle.