卸载柔度单试样法测定焊接接头COD阻力曲线

研究了用微机采集和处理数据，用卸载柔度法测定焊接接头断裂韧性的测试技术。对裂纹长度的修正方法进行了详细介绍，形成了一整套可供应用的软件，运用其研究了焊接接头在常温和－２０℃下的ＣＯＤ阻力曲线。     

纤维金属板层分层尺寸的测量方法研究

导出了纤维金属胶接层板双面裂纹搭接剪切（ＤＣＬＳ）试样分层尺寸和柔度之间的线性关系式，提出了ＤＣＬＳ试样分层尺寸的柔度测量法，并与用光测法测得的分层尺寸进行了对比。结果表明，用柔度法测定ＤＣＬＳ试样的分层尺寸，不仅测量结果准确，而且简单易行，避免了光测法的诸多麻烦和精度低的缺点。     

引用自动检测系统HG60RA钢400℃时的dα／dN

详细介绍了以降载柔度法为原理用ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ微机采集数据的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率自动检测系统，运用此系统研究了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率，得到了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的Ｄα／ｄＮ－ΔＪ关系，试验结果表明检测系统有很高的测量精度，能用于金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速度的自动检测。     

-196℃奥氏体不锈钢母材与焊缝的动态断裂韧性

在-196 ℃对S30408奥氏体不锈钢的母材和焊缝进行了夏比摆锤冲击实验,采用改进的柔度变化率法得到了低温下不锈钢母材夏比试样的起裂点。结果表明,采用改进的柔度变化率法得到的结果比采用传统的柔度变化率法得到的结果更准确。根据实验得到的载荷-位移曲线,结合采用Schindler法和关键曲线法各自所得结果的优点,得到了不锈钢母材的动态裂纹扩展阻力曲线（动态J-R曲线）。依据不锈钢焊缝在低温动载下的载荷-位移曲线及其断裂特征,通过线弹性断裂力学计算获得其动态断裂韧性。     

确定材料J积分塑因子ηpl的单试件法研究

本文在Ｌａｎｄｅｓ规则化方法基础上提出单试件确定塑性因子法，即只使用单个试件的实验记录，Ｐ，Ｖ和α就可求得材料塑性因子ηｐｌ，其中实时裂纹长度α可以卸载柔度法或物理测量得到，通常规则化方法需一组试件。单试件法可避免多试件存在的尺寸分散性，也可使实验过程简化。文中结合３０４不锈钢实验进行分析，结果表明单试件法简便，实用，精度较高。     

确定材料J积分塑性因子η_(pl)的单试件法研究

本文在Ｌａｎｄｅｓ规则化方法基础上提出单试件确定塑性因子法，即只使用单个试件的实验记录Ｐ，Ｖ和ａ就可求得材料塑性因子ηｐｌ．其中实时裂纹长度ａ可以卸载柔度法或物理测量得到．通常规则化方法需一组试件．单试件法可避免多试件存在的尺寸分散性，也可使实验过程简化．文中结合３０４不锈钢实验进行分析，结果表明单试件法简便、实用、精度较高．     

降载勾线法在高强钢疲劳断裂试验中的应用

制作高强钢特征试件,在压、弯应力共同作用下进行疲劳断裂试验;结合疲劳辉纹产生机理,采用降载勾线法在试件断面制造出“海滩状花纹”;利用CAD软件描绘断面形貌并测量裂纹长度,用Newman-Raju理论进一步研究表面裂纹扩展的规律,并与试验值比较.结果表明降载勾线法可以解决高强度钢表面裂纹不易测量及断面难以观测到疲劳辉纹的问题;采用Newman-Raju公式模拟压弯组合应力下表面裂纹扩展形貌是合适的,但由此计算的疲劳寿命偏于保守.另外,当压弯应力比值较小时,计算扩展形貌时压应力可以忽略,而计算疲劳寿命时压应力不可忽略.     

引用自动检测系统测定HG60RA钢400℃时的da/dN

详细介绍了以降载柔度法为原理用ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ微机采集数据的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率自动检测系统，运用此系统研究了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率，得到了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的ｄａ／ｄＮ－ΔＪ关系．试验结果表明检测系统有很高的测量精度，能用于金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率的自动检测．     

一种弹塑性材料动态起裂韧度的J表征和测试方法

在数值计算的基础上提出了一个弹塑性材料动态起裂韧度的J表征和测试方法．这一方法利用自行研制的间接杆-杆型冲击拉伸试验装置，对周边切口的短圆柱试件实施基于一维试验原理的弹塑性材料动态断裂试验；利用试件两端的平均载荷—相对位移曲线(P-δ)或平均载荷-裂纹张开位移曲线(P-△)，推广Bice远场公式获得动态J积分；采用柔度变化率法确定裂纹起裂点，从而得到动态起裂韧度JJD．这一方法的优点在于利用P-δ或P-△曲线将外力对试件所做的与裂纹运动无关的质心惯性运动动能近似地从总能量中分离出来，且平均载荷P在起裂前以至失稳扩展前是单调增的，同时试验获得的P-δ和P-△曲线光滑，这使得用J积分作为裂纹尖端的表征参量以及用柔度变化率法确定起裂点和失稳点具有坚实的物理基础．     

主导曲线法测定J阻力曲线的研究

本文利用主导曲线法测定了国产核容器用钢材料Ａ５０８－３的Ｊ阻力曲线，并将实验结果与卸载柔度法作了对比，进而说明这种新方法有其广阔的应用前景；同时，本实验引入了计算机数据实时采集及自动处理系统．这些系统的引入大大提高了实验精度和效率．     

周边切口短圆柱试件的杆杆型冲击拉伸试验系统的弹塑性有限元分析

基于一维试验原理提出了用带有周边切口的短金属圆柱试件进行平面应变型弹塑性动态断裂韧度的测试方法；对该复杂的动力学系统进行了轴对称的弹塑性有限元分析，并计算了动态围道^J积分；根据对试件功能转换关系的分析和Rice公式的物理意义，提出了用试件两端平功载荷－两端相对位移曲线（P^-△）推广Rice公式计算试件的远场J积分，由此得到的P^-△曲线基本上消除了与裂纹运动无关的质心运动动能的影响。论证了J积分作为裂端的表征参量，且当切口深度比大于70％时，Rice公式有较高的计算精度，为平面应变型弹塑性动态断裂韧度的表征与测试提供了依据。     

屈服准则及切线模量修正的弹塑性计算模型

为提高不同应力状态下金属弹塑性行为的模拟精度,采用含应力三轴度修正的von Mises屈服准则,材料弹塑性本构关系在等效应力$\!$-$\!$-$\!$等效应变曲线基础上,提出一个切线模量为主应力函数的理论修正项. 将这两个修正项结合,以子程序形式编程嵌入ABAQUS主程序,以此模拟几种不同形状试样的弹塑性行为,并将其他屈服准则在单一曲线假设下编程与之对比. 模拟结果与真实试验结果对比发现,对于屈服而言,含应力三轴度修正的vonMises屈服准则比其他屈服理论准确;对于弹塑性阶段计算而言,提出的切线模量为主应力函数这一假设比单一曲线假设更加接近真实试验.      

Wide range stress-intensity-factor expression for an edge-cracked round bar bend specimen

An edge-cracked round bar was analyzed for use as a fracture-mechanics test specimen. Shallow and deep crack limit solutions were developed and combined with experimental and numerical results to obtain aK expression which applies for all crack depths. Specimen and loading geometries were suggested for standardized fracturemechanics tests using a round bar. was Visiting Scientist     

Experimentally determined stress-intensity factors for single-edge-crack round bars loaded in bending

Dimensionless stress-intensity factors were determined for single-edge-crack solid and hollow round bars loaded in bending. These factors were calculated from experimental compliance (inverse slope of load-displacement curve) measurements made on round bars loaded in three-point bending. The compliance specimens had span to diameter ratios of 6.67 and 3.33, and measurements were made over a range of dimensionless crack lengths from 0.002 to 0.70. The tests were made using 3-in. (76-mm) and 6-in. (152-mm) solid and hollow round bars notched on one side; the hollow bars had an inner to outer diameter ratio of 0.33. A comparison was made with data in the literature for rectangular bars; for ana/D of 0.0001, the dimensionless stress-intensity factor for a solid round bar is 1.3 vs. 2.0 for a rectangular bar.     

Crack-stability analysis and fracture toughness of ceramic bend bars with a modified circular cross section

Previous analysis has shown that the round bend bar is more stable than the rectangular bend beam. The geometry of the round bend bar was slightly modified to permit precracking of ceramic bars for subsequent fracture-toughness testing. Stability solutions of this new modified round bend bar were found as a function of precrack length for several machine-compliance values. A threshold crack length was determined which predicted the transition from unstable to stable fracture behavior. Experiments with silicon nitride and alumina specimens verified the results of the analysis.     

接地网圆钢杆中高频纵向超声导波无损检测方法研究

针对接地网圆钢杆腐蚀检测问题,本文进行了接地网圆钢杆高频纵向超声导波无损检测方法研究。首先对埋地环境下圆钢杆中纵向导波传播特性进行理论研究,分析了不同模态导波的群速度和衰减频散特性。研究发现,高阶纵向模态导波在衰减最小和群速度最大对应的频率处,在圆钢杆中传播能力强,是适合进行地埋圆钢杆导波检测试验的频率范围。在此基础上,进行了埋地圆钢杆高频纵向超声导波无损检测试验研究。结果发现,利用优选的检测参数可以很好地实现埋地圆钢杆中腐蚀缺陷检测。研究工作为接地网运行状态评价提供了很好的技术支撑。     

应力平衡和接触状态在Hopkinson杆测试聚合物动态弹性模量中的影响研究

针对用Hopkinson杆试验能否准确测量聚合物动态弹性模量以及其中主要影响因素的问题,本文基于重构试样初始加载阶段的应力波反射透射过程,分别计算了6个特征时间内的前三次反射波和透射波,得到试样的应力平衡度和试样的应力应变曲线。对于所研究的聚合物材料,通过比较重构的应力应变曲线的弹性模量与输入的材料弹性模量,发现在4个特征时间后,误差仅在3%左右。因此试样变形过程中的应力平衡与否不是材料在Hopkinson杆试验中弹性模量测不准的原因。通过环氧树脂试样试验发现,根据Hopkinson杆理论计算的应变结果要大于试样上应变片实测的结果,误差在11%左右。相应的数值模拟研究发现:试样和杆子端面接触状态直接决定着试样弹性模量测量的精度。关于惯性效应和压痕效应的研究也证实它们的影响是可以忽略的。     

A computer simulation of the tension test

A dynamic finite-difference computer program is used to calculate the quasi-static necking deformation of a round tensile bar to 71 per cent reduction in area. Finite strain and rotation are accounted for. We modelled the behavior of A-533 Grade B Class 1 nuclear-pressure-vessel steel as elastic work-hardening plastic material, using J₂-flow theory and a flow curve obtained from a simple tensile test. Up to the time of fracture, computed results of neck radius vs load and elongation, load vs elongation, and neck profile vs neck radius compare favorably with experimental results. We present the macroscopic stress and strain state at fracture and compare these results with those of Bridgman and other calculators. Our calculated neck stress shows monotonically decreasing stress in the radial direction and does not show the sharp stress peaks on the axis or the rounder stress peaks off the axis that these earlier calculations show. We find considerable differences from the Bridgman solution. An iterative computer method is introduced to allow correction of simple tension-test data to a universal flow-stress curve valid for large strain.     

反平面剪切裂纹和刚性线问题和带裂纹圆轴扭转问题中的新型积分方程

如果把通常裂纹问题中奇异积分方程中的右端项由应力改为合力,此时积分方程的核也要由奇异核改为对数型奇异核。文中对于反乎面剪切裂纹和刚性线问题和带裂纹圆轴扭转问题,推导出了这种带对数核的积分方程。     

Beam subjected to eccentric longitudinal impact

This paper is concerned with an experimental investigation of the bending stresses in a bar subjected to eccentric longitudinal impact. The test beam was a round steel bar, 1 in. in diam and 8 ft long which was suspended by wires at two points. Strains were measured by SR-4 strain gages at 18 stations along the bar. The signals were fed through an amplifier to an oscilloscope and the trace on the screen was photographed for a permanent record. The impact was obtained by means of a striking bar with a conical end. The striking bar was suspended in a pendulum rig and striking height adjusted so as to impact the test bar at any desired eccentricity. The dimensionless impact durationt/T ₁ is about 0.02, whereT ₁ denotes the fundamental period of the beam. A theoretical analysis of the response of a free-free beam subjected to a dynamically applied end moment is undertaken to correlate analytical theories with the experimental results. The theoretical results based on the Timoshenko theory were found numerically, using the method of characteristics. Good agreement is found for the moment response curves at ten representative beam stations. Comparison is also made with related results from the Bernoulli-Euler theory, using the normalmode method. The numerical calculations were carried out on both IBM 704 and IBM 650 digital computers.