阳离子交换色谱中色谱柱温度对碱金属与碱土金属离子保留的影响

研究了非抑制型阳离子交换色谱中色谱柱温度(25~50℃)对碱金属离子(Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+)和碱土金属离子(Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+)以及NH4+保留的影响。在Shim-pack IC-C1磺酸型阳离子交换柱上,以硝酸为流动相分离碱金属离子,以乙二胺或乙二胺-草酸(柠檬酸)为流动相分离碱土金属离子,随着色谱柱温度的升高,碱金属和碱土金属离子的保留时间均增长,其范特霍夫曲线具有良好的线性关系,斜率为负值,表明在此条件下碱金属和碱土金属离子的保留为吸热过程。在Shim-pack IC-SC1羧酸型阳离子交换柱上,以硫酸为流动相同时分离碱金属和碱土金属离子,随着色谱柱温度的升高,Mg2+、Ca2+的保留时间增长,而K+、Rb+的保留时间缩短,Li+、Na+、NH4+的保留时间基本不变。在此条件下,Mg2+、Ca2+、K+和Rb+的范特霍夫曲线具有良好的线性关系,其中Mg2+和Ca2+的曲线斜率为负值,K+和Rb+的曲线斜率为正值,表明Mg2+和Ca2+的保留表现为吸热过程,K+和Rb+的保留表现为放热过程。研究表明在不同固定相和流动相条件下,色谱柱温度对碱金属和碱土金属离子保留行为的影响不同。     

离子色谱法同时分析中药丹参中碱金属和碱土金属

用离子色谱法同时分析中药丹参中碱金属和碱土金属 ,结果表明 ,丹参中常见离子Li+ 、Na+ 、NH+4、K+ 、Mg2 + 、Ca2 + 含量比例各有不同。各离子的检出限为 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 3mg·L-1,线性范围分别为 0 .1～ 10 .0mg·L-1(Li+ 、NH+4)和 0 .2～ 5 0 .0mg·L-1(Na+ 、K+ 、Mg2 + 、Ca2 + )     

离子色谱法测定中药女贞子浸煮液中的碱金属和碱土金属

用离子色谱法测定了中药女贞子水浸煮液中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量,色谱柱为IonPAC CS 12A(4 mm×250 mm)阳离子交换柱,淋洗液为11.0 mmol/L的硫酸溶液,流速1.00mL/min,电导检测器检测。结果表明,4种离子的检出限分别为:Na+0.021 mg/L,K+0.020 mg/L、Mg2+0.015 mg/L,Ca2+0.100 mg/L,相对标准偏差在0.72%~3.92%之间,回收率为98.3%~103.1%。结论:该法操作简便、快速,准确,为测定其它中药中Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+的含量提供了一种有效的方法。     

K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水的影响

以胜利褐煤为研究对象,利用FT-IR等手段,用灰分、不同湿度下的平衡复吸水含量等,系统研究了不同相对湿度下K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的水合作用对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水含量的影响。结果表明,相同浓度不同类型的金属离子与煤样的交换能力的趋势为Ca2+Na+K+Mg2+。金属离子对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水含量影响力的顺序为Mg2+Ca2+Na+≈K+。相对湿度高时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为游离水分子之间的分子作用力;相对湿度中等时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为金属水簇与毛细管之间的毛细管作用力;相对湿度低时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为金属离子的水合作用。     

Li2Mg2Si4O10F2、H2Mn8O16·1.4H2O和Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3在高浓度LiCl水溶液中的离子交换行为

研究了用功能材料 Li2Mg2Si4O10F2(LHT)、 H2Mn8O16@ 1.4H2O(CRYMO)和 Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3(LTAP)分别去除高浓度氯化锂水溶液中的杂质 Fe3+、 K+和 Na+ .实验结果表明,这几种功能材料分别对溶液中的杂质 Fe3+、 K+和 Na+有很高的选择性,除杂效果明显 .分析和研究了这几种功能材料在高浓度氯化锂水溶液中分别与 Fe3+、 K+和 Na+的交换行为 .结果表明,在高浓度氯化锂溶液中这几种功能材料与杂质交换的动力学行为可近似用 JMAK方程描述.     

五元体系Li~ /Cl~-,CO_3~(2-),SO_4~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O298K相关系实验研究

青藏高原盐湖富含锂、钠、钾的氯化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐和硼酸盐,尤以其高锂、硼而闻名于世[1]。这些盐湖卤水大多属于Li ,Na ,K ,Mg2 /Cl-,SO42-,CO32-,Borate-H2O体系。在卤水蒸发浓缩后期,由于绝大部分钠盐、钾盐均已结晶析出,所以卤水的化学组成实际变成Li ,Mg2 /Cl-,SO42-,     

聚合物假冠醚研究 (III)新型聚合物氮杂假冠醚的合成与吸附性能

以苯酚为起始剂,用先聚合后功能基化和Na离子模板的简捷方法合成了一种新型聚合物-氮杂假冠醚。研究了其对金属离子的静态吸附性能,结果表明,聚合物对Na+ 和Ca2+离子具有良好的选择吸附性能,对浓度为0.026mol/L~0.028mol/L的Na+ 和Ca2+的静态吸附容量分别达2.54mmol/g和3.06mmol/g;通过红外光谱研究了聚合物及其与Na+ 和Ca2+的配合物的结构,结果表明,在吸附聚合物中,不仅-CH2OCH2-和-CH2NCH2-参与了配位, -CH2OH和PhOCH2- 亦不同程度地参与了配位。[( )-0.1( )] |     

正负离子和表面活性剂对水解聚丙烯酰胺分子线团尺寸的影响及其作用机理

采用动态光散射(DLS)方法,研究了无机电解质正离子与负离子对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)分子线团尺寸的影响,也研究了阴离子型表面活性剂与非离子型表面活性剂对HPAM分子线团尺寸的影响.结果表明,无机电解质负离子对HPAM分子尺寸(分子流体力学直径(Dh))影响较小,而无机电解质正离子对Dh的影响较大,且影响程度随正离子浓度增大而减小.Ca2+、Mg2+、K+和Na+对Dh的作用强弱顺序为Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+>K+.当向聚合物溶液中加入阴离子型表面活性剂时,随表面活性剂浓度增大,Dh先减小,后增大,再减小.此外,由于强烈的静电斥力作用,阴离子型表面活性剂分子在聚合物分子表面吸附较弱,难形成"表面活性剂-聚合物"络合物,而非离子型表面活性剂会以类似于胶束聚集体的形式吸附在聚合物分子链上,形成"表面活性剂-聚合物"络合物,结果造成Dh随表面活性剂浓度增加而逐渐增大.     

水溶液交换法制备的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石骨架中Li~+分布

采用水溶液交换法对Na-LSX沸石进行Li+交换,通过改变交换次数制备出不同交换度的低硅铝比X型[(Li,Na)-LSX]沸石分子筛,并对其进行XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC、SEM和NMR等表征和分析,重点考察了Na-LSX分子筛在Li+交换前后的结构变化情况,以及不同交换度的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛骨架中Li+的分布。结果表明随着Li+交换度的增加,LSX分子筛的晶胞常数减小,热稳定性有所下降,Li+进入骨架中的顺序依次为S2>S3>S5。     

五元交互体系Li+,Na+,K+//CO32-,Cl--H2O在298.15K的相平衡研究

针对西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水组成,采用等温溶解平衡法研究了五元交互体系Li+,Na+,K+//CO32-,Cl--H2O于298.15K时的相平衡,并绘制了相图(空间立体图和Li2CO3饱和的投影图).结果表明,该五元体系相图含有7个结晶区、13条单变量线和4个无变量点.7个结晶区由6个单盐结晶区和1个复盐结晶区组成,分别为LiCl·H2O,NaCl,KCl,Li2CO3,K2CO3·3/2H2O,Na2CO3·10H2O和NaKCO3·6H2O,没有形成固溶体和天然碱(Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O).4个无变量点标记成K1,K2,K3和K4,所对应的平衡固相盐分别是:Li2CO3+NaKCO3·6H2O+Na2CO3·10H2O+KCl,Li2CO3+NaKCO3·6H2O+K2CO3·3/2H2O+KCl,Li2CO3+NaCl+KCl+LiCl·H2O和Li2CO3+NaCl+Na2CO3·10H2O+KCl.     

Na^+/CaO催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了不同碱金属离子对CaO的促进作用,发现以Na~+的添加效果最好。在此基础上,研究了不同含钠化合物对CaO的促进作用,并用脉冲反应技术研究Na~+/CaO催化剂表面氧物种的特性及其作用。CaO表面上存在非选择性氧化的氧物种。Na~+对CaO的修饰作用是抑制非选择性氧化。当表面上的非选择性氧化的氧物种消耗后,体相的晶格氧会向表面迁移,以补充消耗掉的表面氧物种。消耗掉的表面氧物种也可由气相氧补充。CH_4脉冲和混合气脉冲说明仅靠[Na~+O~-]中心不足以使甲烷转化成C_2产物,必须有气相氧的参与才能使甲烷转化成C_2产物。     

Artificial ion channel formed by cucurbit[n]uril derivatives with a carbonyl group fringed portal reminiscent of the selectivity filter of K+ channels

Novel artificial ion channels (1 and 2) based on CB[n] (n = 6 and 5, respectively) synthetic receptors with carbonyl-fringed portals (diameter 3.9 and 2.4 A, respectively) can transport proton and alkali metal ions across a lipid membrane with ion selectivity. Fluorometric experiments using large unilamellar vesicles showed that 1 mediates proton transport across the membranes, which can be blocked by a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, reminiscent of the blocking of the K+ channels by polyamines. The alkali metal ion transport activity of 1 follows the order of Li+ > Cs+ approximately Rb+ > K+ > Na+, which is opposite to the binding affinity of CB[6] toward alkali metal ions. On the other hand, the transport activity of 2 follows the order of Li+ > Na+, which is also opposite to the binding affinity of 2 toward these metal ions, but virtually no transport was observed for K+, Rb+, and Cs+. It is presumably because the carbonyl-fringed portal size of 2 (diameter 2.4 A) is smaller than the diameters of these alkali metal ions. To determine the transport mechanism, voltage-clamp experiments on planar bilayer lipid membranes were carried out. The experiments showed that a single-channel current of 1 for Cs+ transport is approximately 5 pA, which corresponds to an ion flux of approximately 3 x 107 ions/s. These results are consistent with an ion channel mechanism. Not only the structural resemblance to the selectivity filter of K+ channels but also the remarkable ion selectivity makes this model system unique.     

Cyclohexane as a Li+ selective ionophore

The M+[cyclohexane][Ar] (M = Li, Na, and K) cluster ions were investigated using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the C-H stretching region. The alkali metal cation binds to the cyclohexane ring above the ring on the S6 axis via eta3 coordination. The C-H stretching modes are perturbed due to binding of the metal cation and display a significant spread in frequency. The shifts are greatest for the Li+ and decrease for Na+ and K+ with increasing ionic radius. It has been observed that cyclohexane displays greater selectivity for Li+ over Na+ than the cyclic ether, 12-crown-4. The charge transfer interaction between Li+ and cyclohexane is believed to be responsible for the selectivity of Li+ over other alkali metal ions.     

甲烷氧化偶联催化剂Li/MgO的结构及表面性质的研究

本文用XRD、TEM、XPS和荧光光谱等方法研究了一组不同Li~+含量的Li/MgO催化剂的结构及表面性质,并与它们的氧化偶联甲烷的催化性能相关联。结果表明,低配位O~(2-)(O_(3c)~(2-))是使甲烷活化的活性中心。O_(1s)结合能为531.9eV的氧物种是对甲烷氧化偶联反应的C_2选择性起作用的活性氧物种。     

Separation and Recovery of Some Metal Ions Using Pan Sorbed Zinc Silicate as Chelating Ion Exchanger

Abstract

A new inorganic ion exchanger zinc silicate has been synthesized. Its properties such as ion exchange capacity, heat effect and stability etc. have been studied. Sorption of PAN over zinc silicate formed a chelate ion exchanger which showed greater selectivity for some metal ions especially for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Ag³⁺ and Pt⁴⁺. Selectivity has been determined on the basis of distribution coefficients of these metal ions. Separations of Pt(IV) from Fe(III), Au(III) from Fe(III), Ag(I) from Cu(II) and Au(III) from Cu(II) have been reported. The recovery of Pt(IV) and Au(III) from dilute solutions has also been studied.     

THE THEORETICAL STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF METAL IONS ON CHITOSAN

The interactions between metal ions such as Zn2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and chitosan have been investigated using the model cluster model method and density functional method. Full optimization and frequency analysis of all cluster models have been performed employing B3LYP hybrid method at 3-21G basis set level except metal ions which were invoked to use effective core potential (ECP) method. The energy changes, and the main structural parameters have been obtained during the theoretical study of the adsorption of metal ions on the chitosan. The calculations showed that the coordination modes of metal ions with chitosan models were different, the geometries of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ ions coordinated with two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms were distorted tetrahedral, while the square planar structure of Ni2+ coordinated two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms was observed. The heat of reaction between six metal ions and chitosan models showed the order: Mn2+ ＞Ni2+ ＞Zn2+ ＞Pb2+ ＞Hg2+ ＞Cd2+, this suggested that the coordination strength of Mn2+ ＞Ni2+ ＞Zn2+ ＞Pb2+ ＞Hg2+ ＞Cd2+.     

Preparation and ion-exchange properties of zirconium tungstoarsenate

A new inorganic ion-exchanger, zirconium tugnstoarsenate, has been synthesized which has been characterized by chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray and infrared spectroscopy. The ion exchanger has been found to be stable in acids and neutral salt solutions. The K_d values for 30 metal ions have been determined at pH 3–4 which show that the exchanger has high affinity for UO ₂ ²⁺ , ZrO²⁺, Cs⁺ and Tl⁺ ions. The variation of K_d for a number of metal ions as a function of concentration of nitric acid and ammonium nitrate has been investigated to elucidate the probable exchange mechanism and to work out conditions for elution. Some binary separations, viz. Sr²⁺−Cs⁺, Sr²⁺−Rb⁺, Sr²⁺−Y³⁺, Fe³⁺−Al³⁺, Fe³⁺−Zn²⁺ and Zn²⁺−Hg²⁺ in trace amounts have been carried out on the column of the exchanger which demonstrate the utility of the exchanger in radionalytical and analytical chemistry.     

Synthesis and metal extraction behavior of pyridine and 1,2,4-triazole substituted calix[4]arenes

Three series of heterocycle substituted calixarenes, derivatized at lower and upper rim, were synthesized and successfully evaluated for metal extraction towards alkali, alkaline, transition and heavy metal ions. The presence and placement of sulfur, heterocycle functionality at upper/lower rim played a crucial role toward the extractability and selectivity of metal ions. The lower rim substituted calixarenes have shown high extractability and poor selectivity. In contrast to this, upper rim substituted calixarenes exhibited good selectivity. Moreover, sulfur functionalized calixarenes have shown better selectivity for heavy metal ions than alkali and alkaline metal ions. Among upper rim substituted calixarenes, 17 and 18 were found to be suitable for Na⁺, K⁺ and Ag⁺, 19,13 for heavy metal ions i.e., Pb²⁺, Hg⁺, Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺, and 11,12 for Pb²⁺ and Ag⁺ only.     

The importance of cerium substituted phosphates as cation exchanger-some unique properties and related application potentials

Seven different samples of an inorganic ion exchanger, cerium phosphate, suitable for column use have been prepared under varying conditions. The property of these exchangers has been characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. These exchangers are stable in water, dilute mineral acids, ethanol, methanol, acetone and ether. However, in concentrated HCl and HNO(3) they decompose. They retain about 50% of their exchange value after drying at 80 degrees C, and can be regenerated twice without any decrease in exchange capacity. The distribution coefficient measurements for alkaline earth metals, tellurium, iodine and molybdenum using these seven ion exchangers were studied. This revealed the relative affinity for each exchanger, where the sorption in general was most effective at pH 6-8. The titration curves of cerium phosphate (disodium) with alkaline earth metals showed that the selectivity sequence Ba(2+)>Sr(2+)>Ca(2+)>Mg(2+) is observed. Furthermore, it could be deduced that the adsorption of alkaline earth metal cations greatly depends on the cation. These studies have also shown that cerium phosphates with divalent ions are strongly preferred to monovalent ones. Therefore, as for the cerium phosphates with large monovalent ions, the lack of exchange for Ba(2+), Mg(2+) or other alkali earth metal ions should be essentially due to steric hindrance and this could include any one of the following: the large crystalline radius of metal ions or large hydrated ionic radius and high energy of hydration for other divalent ions. Three binary separations of Te(IV)-Mo(VI), Te(IV)-I(I) and Mo(VI)-I(I) has been developed and the recovery ranging from 90 to 100% has been achieved on cerium phosphate (disodium) columns.     

Effect of soluble calcium on the determination of the labile metal content of sediments with ion-exchangers

Equilibration of sediments with cation-exchangers results in a transfer of loosely bound labile metal species to the exchanger phase. Dissolution of the matrix is also promoted and selectivity rules suggest that some of the cations released (particularly Ca) could effectively compete with metal ions for exchange sites. This potential source of error has been evaluated by studying synthetic mixtures of Ca²⁺ and other metal ions (Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺) and by analysis of two calcium-rich wastes (a calcine and a jarosite). The ion uptake most influenced by calcium competition was that of zinc; uptake of lead was least affected. For minimum error, i.e., optimum transfer of “available” or “labile” metal ion, the level of free Ca²⁺ introduced into the solution should not exceed 300 mg/l., and the amount of exchanger added must provide an excess of exchange sites relative to the amount of cations released from the sample. By use of exchangers of different types it is possible to attempt some classification of the labile metal content, e.g., acid-displaced, exchangeable, salts of weak acids.