聚焦高斯涡旋光束焦区电场和磁场的偏振奇点

以高斯涡旋光束为例,研究了聚焦场中电场和磁场的偏振奇点变化规律.结果表明,高斯涡旋光束经透镜聚焦后,在焦区存在二维和三维电场和磁场的偏振奇点,其位置一般不重合.适当改变与焦面的距离以及光阑截断参数等出现圆偏振奇点的移动、产生和湮没.不同二维和三维电场和磁场圆偏振奇点湮没所对应的各参数临界值不同.在二维电场中,几何焦面上会有V点的产生.     

离轴矢量光束的紧聚焦特性

基于理查德-沃尔夫矢量衍射积分理论,数值研究了离轴矢量光束经过高数值孔径透镜后的紧聚焦特性.通过对比分析偏振奇点离轴的径向、角向矢量光束紧聚焦后,焦点附近的强度和相位分布规律,提出了一种由广义柱矢量光束设计紧聚焦场的方法.此外,通过分析矢量光束自旋分量的聚焦行为和自旋轨道耦合所诱导的自旋角动量分布变化,讨论了偏振奇点离轴对称破缺对高阶矢量光束紧聚焦场空间结构,特别是其自旋角动量空间分布的影响.该研究结果不仅对矢量光场的紧聚焦特性进行了补充,也为改进和完善焦场分布提供了理论参考.     

高斯涡旋光束在自由空间传输中电场和磁场的偏振奇点

利用矢量菲涅尔衍射积分公式, 以高斯涡旋光束为例, 推导出傍轴高斯涡旋光束在自由空间传输过程中电场分量和磁场分量的解析表达式, 详细研究了自由空间中电场和磁场的偏振奇点变化规律. 结果表明, 高斯涡旋光束在自由空间传输中, 存在二维和三维电场和磁场的偏振奇点, 其位置一般不重合. 改变光束束腰宽度比、 振幅比以及传输距离, 偏振奇点出现移动. 在二维电场和磁场中, 当满足一定条件时, 会有V点产生.     

原子发射高次谐波偏振态的调控

利用分裂算符法数值求解二维含时薛定谔方程研究了He原子在反旋双色组合激光场(由椭圆极化的基频场与圆极化的三倍频场构成)中产生高次谐波的偏振特性。研究结果表明,改变基频场的椭偏率、强度及相位可实现对高次谐波偏振态从圆偏振到椭圆偏振以及线偏振的完全调控,为实验室产生偏振态可控的紫外-软X射线光源提供了参考。     

基于高次谐波产生的极紫外偏振涡旋光

突破传统涡旋光场束缚,发展短波极紫外涡旋光场是实现阿秒脉冲偏振控制的有效途径.本研究利用自制的平场光栅光谱仪和超快时间保持的单色仪,以800 nm,35 fs高斯或具有偏振奇点的涡旋光脉冲驱动诱导氩原子产生高次谐波,分别获得相应的高次谐波光谱以及谐波谱单阶光源的分布.实验结果表明,基于高次谐波产生实现近红外波段的涡旋光束特性转移到极紫外波段,优化后的极紫外涡旋可以实现每秒108光子数输出.同时发现极紫外波段的涡旋场和高斯场高次谐波产生具有相似相位匹配机制.基于高次谐波产生的极紫外波段的偏振涡旋光为探究和操控原子分子量子态的含时演化动力学以及形成阿秒矢量光束提供了重要的方法和技术手段.     

诱导光偏振态对激光诱导掺杂铌酸锂晶体畴反转的影响

研究了诱导光的偏振态对激光诱导原子数分数为3%掺镁同成分铌酸锂晶体和原子数分数为3%掺铪同成分铌酸锂晶体畴反转的影响.用数字全息干涉测量的方法再现了激光诱导畴反转过程中的相位分布.通过对比线偏振、圆偏振和椭圆偏振不同偏振态诱导光形成的成核场,认为诱导过程中出现的沿z方向的空间电荷场对激光诱导优先畴成核有着非常重要的影响...     

正交偏振干涉的矢量光场分析和检测

在大学物理中,光的干涉和衍射现象是描述光的粒子性和波动性非常常见的内容。那么光的干涉需满足相干条件,即两束光具有相同的偏振态、相同的频率和固定的相位差。因此,在标量衍射理论中,完全正交偏振的光不能够发生干涉现象。为拓展和探究正交偏振态下两束光相遇时光场的矢量变化,本文构建了基于马赫-曾德尔配置的正交偏振光(即正交线偏振和正交圆偏振)相干涉而产生的光场,利用检偏器检测光场的矢量特征及条纹分布情况。结果表明正交偏振光相干涉产生了周期性的矢量光场。该研究能够帮助学生更加直观的掌握波片及偏振片调制不同偏振态的光束并实现矢量光场的检测和分析。     

基于光谱调制的线偏振测量技术研究及精度验证

基于光谱调制的线偏振测量技术通过光谱调制模块可将入射光的偏振信息调制到光谱维。光谱调制模块由消色差1/4波片、多级波片和偏振分束器组成,能够在单次测量中获取目标的线偏振及光谱信息。将调制模块和光栅光谱仪相结合,设计了双通道偏振测量系统。推导了系统偏振测量模型,分析了光谱仪光谱展宽对调制光谱的影响,并采用分周期最小二乘曲线拟合方法实现了对偏振信息的解调。此外,搭建了测试装置来验证测量系统的性能。首先,利用完全线偏光对多级波片的延迟量和系统的偏振效率进行了标定。然后,利用可调偏振度光源验证了系统的偏振测量精度。实验结果表明,可调偏振度光源输出的理论线偏振度值与测量值间的最大绝对偏差为1.11%,线偏振方位角的最大偏差为0.7°,即所提系统具有较高的偏振测量精度。     

偏振光的干涉场分布特征数值模拟及实验研究

从偏振光的产生出发,对不同偏振态的偏振光的干涉场分布进行了数值模拟,得出了不同偏振态干涉场的特征分布,并对不同情况进行了实验,分析讨论了实验结果,为偏振光实验的教学和实验结果的分析提供了依据.     

星载偏振扫描仪星上偏振定标器

为了满足偏振扫描仪的偏振测量精度要求,提出一种利用偏振扫描仪星上偏振定标器精确测量标准偏振态数值的方法。首先介绍了偏振扫描仪的技术特点、测量原理和偏振定标模型;其次结合仪器特性,将地球反照光+线偏振定标器/非偏振定标器作为在轨偏振定标的偏振态标准源;然后分别设计了专用的线偏振定标器和非偏振定标器;最后利用马吕斯定律确定线偏振定标器的偏振态数值,将星下点数据筛选出线偏振度小于0.4的下垫面反射光作为非偏振定标器的有效光源,以获得符合要求的非偏振光。所设计的定标器符合全光路、全孔径、端到端的要求,可保障长期在轨偏振测量精度为0.005。     

“Hot spots” induced near-field enhancements in Au nanoshell and?Au nanoshell dimer

The influence of “hot spots” on the near-field properties of Au nanoshell and Au nanoshell dimers have been investigated by means of the finite element method. It is found with increasing the pinhole radius R that the maximal enhancement of near-field for Au nanoshell with pinhole parallel to the polarization increases from 17.906 at R=0 nm to 36.979 at R=0.8 nm, and then almost shows a negligible radius dependence. Large electric fields also can be observed inside the pinhole perpendicular to the polarization, which increases with increasing the pinhole radius. The near-field of Au nanoshell dimer depends strongly on the polarization and propagation directions of the incident light. Exponential decay behavior is found for the maximal enhancement of the electric field in the dimer junction as a function of the dimer separation. Furthermore, a very strong electric field is found in the junction between two Au nanoshells when the pinholes are located near the gap between the nanoshells.     

Polarization of line radiation in the presence of external electric quadrupole and uniform magnetic fields

The polarization of emission lines formed in a medium immersed in external electric and magnetic fields is studied. The electric field is assumed to be quadrupolar in nature, while the magnetic field is uniform. We show that the quadrupole electric field produces line splitting which is characteristically different from the Zeeman effect. While the line components emitted along the quantization axis are circularly polarized in Zeeman effect, they are, in contrast, linearly polarized in the case of a pure quadrupole electric field. The emission perpendicular to the quantization axis produces three linearly polarized components in Zeeman effect, whereas only two linearly polarized components are observed in the case of quadrupole electric fields. Lack of azimuthal symmetry in the quadrupole electric field leads to polarized line components which appear quite differently for different azimuthal angles of the line of sight.     

All-Dielectric Multichannel Terahertz Metasurface Empowering Independent Wavefront Manipulation

Metasurfaces have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in modulating the polarization and phase of electromagnetic waves and formed an emerging field of research, driving the exploitation of versatile compact devices. In this work, one transmission-mode, multichannel all-silicon metasurface platform that can implement functionalities separately in two orthogonally polarized output fields under linearly polarized incidences is proposed, which can effectively promote the design flexibility. Specifically, a single metasurface can realize multiple independent target phase distributions carrying specific phase relationships, thus enabling different information processing in different linear polarization states. For proof-of-principle experimental exhibitions, a monolayer metasurface composed of silicon pillars is designed, fabricated, and characterized to demonstrate the ability of multi-dimensional light field control, such as polarization-switchable focusing beam. Moreover, the other designed metasurface can generate polarization-switchable Bessel vortex beams under linearly polarized incidences, which also verifies the flexibility and practicality of such platform. This metasurface platform may lead to new optical components, involving multichannel singular beam generators, information encoders, and holographic encryption devices.     

Spectra, coherence and polarization in Young’s interference pattern formed by stochastic electromagnetic beams

New expressions are derived that predict the change of spectral density, the spectral degree of coherence and spectral degree of polarization in Young’s interference pattern when the pinholes are illuminated by an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-mode beam. The spectral degree of polarization in the observation plane is found, in general, to take on values different from its values at each pinhole, and it changes with position at the same spatial frequency, as does the spectral density. When the light at the pinholes is completely coherent, there are singular points in the pattern, at which the spectral degree of polarization reaches minimum value.     

Impact of spin-zero particle-photon interactions on light polarization in external magnetic fields

If the recent PVLAS results on polarization changes of a linearly polarized laser beam passing through a magnetic field are interpreted by an axion-like particle, it is almost certain that it is not a standard QCD axion. Considering this, we study the general effective interactions of photons with spin-zero particles without restricting the latter to be a pseudo-scalar or a scalar, i.e., a parity eigenstate. At the lowest order in effective field theory, there are two dimension-5 interactions, each of which has previously been treated separately for a pseudo-scalar or a scalar particle. By following the evolution in an external magnetic field of the system of spin-zero particles and photons, we compute the changes in light polarization and the transition probability for two experimental set-ups: one-way propagation and round-trip propagation. While the first may be relevant for astrophysical sources of spin-zero particles, the second applies to laboratory optical experiments like PVLAS. In the one-way propagation, interesting phenomena can occur for special configurations of polarization where, for instance, transition occurs but light polarization does not change. For the round-trip propagation, however, the standard results of polarization changes for a pseudoscalar or a scalar are only modified by a factor that depends on the relative strength of the two interactions.     

生物组织多光谱偏振特性研究

生物组织内部结构复杂且具有较强的散射特性,而光作为生物组织检测的重要信息载体,其自身特性包括颜色、幅值、偏振等都对信息获取有较大的影响.结合偏振成像,对生物组织多光谱偏振特性展开了研究,依据不同微粒尺寸的分布建立了均匀单层生物组织模型,结合瑞利和米氏散射理论模拟了基于单个微粒的两种散射事件.瑞利散射具有较好的前向后向散...     

Polarization competition in a quasi-isotropic CO(2) laser

We experimentally study the polarization dynamics of a single-mode CO(2) laser during the switch-on transient of the laser intensity. We find a strong competition between two linearly polarized fields, which finally collapse into a single field. As a result of this competition, the two coexisting fields oscillate out of phase by pi rad for time intervals much longer than that of the relaxation oscillation. One can control the oscillation frequency of the two polarized fields by varying the intracavity anisotropies. This phenomenon is interpreted in the framework of Maxwell-Bloch equations by addition of nonlinear terms to the polarization equations that allow the fields to compete while they interact with the same population inversion.     

Mapping phases of singular scalar light fields

We implement experimentally a simple method for accurate measurements of phase distributions of scalar light fields. The method is based on the polarimetric technique for recording the polarization maps of vector fields, where coaxial superposition of orthogonally polarized reference and signal beams allows the signal phase to be reconstructed from the polarization map of the total field. We demonstrate this method by resolving topologically neutral pairs of closely positioned vortices in a speckle field and recovering the positions of vortices within a Laguerre-Gaussian beam with the topological charge three.     

Effects of coherence on the degree of polarization in a young interference pattern

Recent predictions concerning the relationship between the degree of polarization at a typical point of a Young interference pattern and the degree of coherence of the electromagnetic field at the pinholes are tested by a simple experiment. In particular, it is shown that light that is completely unpolarized at the pinholes can become partially polarized across the fringe pattern.     

New effects in Young's interference experiment with partially coherent light

We analyze the coherence properties of a partially coherent optical field emerging from two pinholes in a plane opaque screen. We show that at certain pairs of points in the region of superposition the light is fully coherent, regardless of the state of coherence of the light at the pinholes. In particular, this result also holds if each pinhole is illuminated by a different laser.