环形光栅光学扫描全息术的研究

为了充分利用光学扫描全息系统的分辨率,提出了用环形光栅扫描物体的光学扫描全是术。其优点是：可以用非相干光源记录扫描全息图,系统为单光路,从而可以提高系统的稳定性。阐明了环形光栅光学扫描全息术的基本原理,并给出了实验结果。     

光学扫描全息术研究进展

光学成像技术极大地拓展了人类的视觉极限,提高了人们观察和理解现实世界的能力。越多地获得目标的光学信息,对其的认识越充分。数字全息术是一种可以将样本的三维信息以二维全息图的形式编码记录下来的一种成像技术。通过获得由携带物体信息的物光波和参考光波叠加产生的干涉图案,可以以数字化的方式实现多种重建模态,例如图像恢复、相位成像和切片成像等。光学扫描全息术是一种独特的数字全息成像技术,通过主动式二维化扫描对三维物体进行成像,其完整的波前信息可以被单像素探测器记录,并基于光外差检测进行信号解调,从而恢复出复数全息图。对光学扫描全息术的最新进展进行介绍。首先,基于双光瞳成像系统,通过特殊的硬件和算法设计,提高光学成像系统的性能,如提高空间分辨率、缩短扫描时间。其次,基于计算成像原理,通过改进和优化全息像重建算法,实现高质量的图像恢复,主要涉及切片成像和三维成像等重建模态。第三,介绍光学扫描全息术的其他研究方向,并讨论该领域未来可能的发展方向。     

光学扫描全息术的推广

给出了光学扫描全息术的基本原理。记录时用实时 FZP与物体强度透射率发生卷积从而产生扫描全息图 ;再现时用与记录时相对应的 FZP与全息图信号发生卷积即可再现出物体的信息。推广了光学扫描全息术 ,提出只要某一实时的光场强度分布函数具有如下性质 :(l)该函数中含有 x,y,z参量且相对于 z参量具有圆对称性 ;(2 )对于某一确定的 z参量 ,该函数的自相关是δ函数 ,就可以把该光场作为光学扫描全息术中的照明光场对物体进行扫描记录以得到扫描全息图。     

复合扫描全息术及透过强散射介质三维成像研究

应用菲涅耳波带片光学扫描全息术原理,研究强散射介质中吸收体的三维成像.针对由成像物体强散射背景产生的背景噪音,提出复合扫描全息术成像方法.实验中应用这一方法,对嵌埋在浓度为1%,深度为1.7 cm的脂肪乳剂中的吸收体成像,得到了信噪比和对比度较好的再现像.在此基础上,对复合扫描全息成像系统的信噪比,对比度及分辨率等性能进行了深入的理论分析和实验测试.研究表明,与单一模式相比,复合扫描全息术在信噪比和对比度方面有较大改善,但分辨率还需进一步提高.     

X射线全息术

本文介绍了Ｘ射线全息术的工作原理和进展状况,详细地论述了与Ｘ射线全息术有关的Ｘ射线光学、Ｘ射线光学元件和Ｘ射线源的特性,并讨论了Ｘ射线全息实验的要求和记录方式,最后着重探讨了包括记录过程和重现过程中影响Ｘ射线全息术分辨率的各种因素。     

X射线全息术

本文介绍了Ｘ射线全息术的工作原理和进展状况，详细地论述了与Ｘ射线全息术有关的Ｘ射线光学、Ｘ射线光学元件和Ｘ射线源的特性，并讨论了Ｘ射线全息实验的要求和记录方式，最后着重探讨了包括记录过程和重现过程中影响Ｘ射线全息术分辨率的各种因素。     

基于菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术的光学层析成像

基于光学扫描全息术原理和编码孔径层析成像技术,提出了一种三维物体层析成像技术——菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术。该技术通过将物体的光强分布函数与菲涅耳波带板的光强分布函数进行卷积运算来得到物体的扫描全息图,通过相关解卷积的方法来进行扫描全息图的数字重建。依据该技术原理设计了实验系统,系统结构简单紧凑,具有三维物体层析成像功能。提出用数字高通滤波器来减少重建图像的背景噪声。计算机仿真及对实物的扫描记录和重建实验结果表明,该技术原理正确,用于三维物体层析成像是可行的,用数字高通滤波的方法提高重建图像的对比度是有效的。     

光束扫描超分辨数字全息

根据超分辨成像理论, 提出了一种基于光束扫描的超分辨数字全息记录与再现技术。用菲涅耳衍射理论证明了该技术可有效增大CCD探测器的等效尺寸和系统截止频率, 从而提高数字全息成像分辨率。计算机仿真验证了该方法的正确性与可行性。对光束扫描全息记录系统进行了详细描述, 对该数字全息术的再现方法进行了具体说明。对比合成孔径数字全息术, 该技术在全息记录中无需反复移动CCD探测器, 也不必反复调整参考光以避免出现欠采样。     

光学扫描全息术中的孪生像噪音及消除

阐述了光学扫描全息术的基本原理,分析了孪生像噪音的来源,提出了一种新的数字滤波方法.计算机仿真结果表明:孪生像噪音以振荡形式传播,降低了重构图像的信噪比,影响了重构图像的分辨率;用电子复用技术,即用复全息图函数代替实全息图函数的方法可以有效地消除孪生像噪音;采用单一通道对信号进行处理,即只用一个实全息图函数,通过数字滤波方法同样可以消除孪生像噪音,该方法简便、实用而有效.     

全息术及其应用

全息术是一种用相干光干涉得到物体全部信息的2步成像技术。全息术的发展大约可分同轴全息术、离轴全息术、白光再现全息术、白光全息术等4个阶段。全息术具有三维、不可撕毁、再现像的缩放、信息容量大等特点。全息术是一门正在蓬勃发展的光学分支，近年来已渗透到社会生活的各个领域并被广泛地应用于近代科学研究和工业生产中，特别是在现代测试、生物工程、医学、艺术、商业、保安及现代存储技术等方面已显示出特殊的优势。随着全息技术的快速发展，全息技术的产品正越来越多地走向市场、应用于现代生活中。     

Twin-image elimination in optical scanning holography

We propose a novel multiplexing technique to solve the twin image problem in optical scanning holography without the use of a spatial carrier, as commonly used in conventional off-axis holography. The technique involves simultaneously acquiring sine and cosine Fresnel zone-lens plate coded images by optical scanning. A complex addition of the two coded images will then be performed and decoded to give a twin-image rejection reconstruction. Computer simulations will be presented to demonstrate the validity of the idea.     

Optical tomography based on nonredundant array scanning holography

A novel technique termed nonredundant array scanning holography based on the principle of optical heterodyne scanning holography and the tomographic technique of coded aperture imaging is proposed. The system designed in terms of this technique codes an object optically and decodes its coded image digitally. It can realize optical tomograms of three-dimensional objects. It also has potentially practical value due to its compact structure. The computer simulations present the principle of the technique. Some experiments at the proof-principle level are performed to test the principle.     

Twin-image elimination experiments for three-dimensional images in optical scanning holography

Twin-image elimination in the context of optical scanning holography has recently been proposed. The proposed technique involves simultaneously acquiring sine and cosine Fresnel holograms. A complex hologram is then formed by complex addition of the holograms, and twin-image rejection is predicted by computer simulations. An experimental verification of the technique by optical acquisition of the two holograms and subsequent reconstruction of the complex hologram digitally is reported. Three-dimensional image reconstruction without twin-image noise is demonstrated.     

扫描型长波红外连续变焦光学系统

基于斯特林制冷式4×288元光伏型碲镉汞二维探测器, 根据红外扫描成像系统原理, 设计了一个扫描型长波红外连续变焦光学系统。根据系统指标要求对光学指标进行分解计算及光学优化设计得到系统的光学参数和外形结构图, 并对扫描光学系统的冷反射进行分析优化。该光学系统采用三次成像的结构, 由变焦望远镜组、扫描摆镜、中继镜组、成像镜组4部分组成, 包含9片透镜和2片反射镜。为了降低校正色差成本, 系统使用了硫系玻璃镜片。光学仿真结果表明:系统在耐奎斯特频率处的全视场光学传递函数大于0.35, 全视场畸变小于2%。最后, 对系统进行了成像实验验证, 结果表明:该系统可以实现30.8~154 mm范围内连续变焦, 变焦过程中目标景物清晰, 细节分辨率高, 无冷反射现象出现, 该系统具有分辨率高、热灵敏度高、像质清晰等特点。     

Anisotropic edge enhancement in optical scanning holography with spiral phase filtering

Anisotropic edge enhancement is simulated using a spiral phase plate(SPP) in optical scanning holography(OSH). We propose to use a delta function and an SPP as the pupil functions to realize anisotropic edge enhancement. The interference of these two pupils is used to two-dimensionally scan an object to record its edge-only information. This is done in three ways: first, by shifting the SPP, second, by using two offset SPPs of same charge, and finally, by using two oppositely charged SPPs. Our computer simulations show the capability of selectively enhancing the edges of a given object.     

菲涅耳波带板无运动卷积偏振选通成像研究

提出了菲涅耳波带板(FZP)无运动卷积偏振选通全息术,该技术的原理与菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术相同,但在成像系统结构上作了重大改进,改进内容主要有两个方面:第一,使用扩展光源,用多个菲涅耳波带板在物体上的投影叠加形成卷积运算来取代机械扫描,克服了扫描造成的系统不稳定性和限制实际应用的耗时问题;第二,用CCD取代光电倍增管,使物体上所有的点都同时成像在CCD靶面上,达到实时采集整个全息图的目的。对线偏振光和圆偏振光经过散射介质脂肪乳剂(Intralipid)溶液后偏振度的变化规律进行了实验研究,研究表明,在米氏散射区,圆偏振光比线偏振光更容易保持偏振态。应用菲涅耳波带板无运动卷积偏振选通成像系统,采用圆偏振光作为入射光,对嵌埋在浓度为1%、深度为2 cm的脂肪乳剂溶液中的金属丝(直径0.4 mm)进行了成像实验,结果表明,菲涅耳波带板无运动卷积偏振选通全息术原理是可行的。     

微粒场远场同轴全息术

本文从一般模型出发,导出了微粒场远场同轴全息图和再现实象面上的光强分布的普遍表达式.给出了全息图条纹对比度、记录介质的分辨率要求和可允许的微粒最大位移的普遍公式.完善和普遍化了微粒场同轴全息术的理论体系.     

Relationship between the fringe number of the scanning beam and the twin-image noise

A method of digital filtering for eliminating the twin-image noise of reconstructed images in optical scanning holography is proposed and demonstrated by the example of slit objects. The fringe number of the scanning beam in relation to the twin-image noise is investigated in detail. Some results of computer simulations are obtained. In the far field, the further object scanned by the scanning beam with fewer fringes has lower and flatter amplitude of the twin-image noise for reconstructed images. However, being independent of the fringe number the twin-image noise affects seriously on the reconstruction in the near field. So the twin-image noise should be considered in reconstruction in the near field.     

High-resolution time-average electronic holography for vibration measurement

Time-average electronic holography (also known as TV holography) is a widespread technique used in real-time, non-contact, whole-field vibration measurement. The quantitative interpretation of time-averaged fringe patterns is difficult because of speckle noise and of the decreasing visibility of higher-order Bessel fringes. Speckle noise may only be reduced during image acquisition, by multiple-frame averaging.The objective of this paper is to present two new methods allowing to obtain time-averaged fringe patterns presenting a high resolution and a high contrast between dark and bright fringes, as well as the associated quantitative interpretation. They are based on the elimination of the random phase component and on the reduction of the random intensity component of the time-averaged fringe pattern. The fringe patterns obtained by this method may be efficiently filtered in order to provide the precise locations of the Bessel-type fringes associated with the object vibration. The methods rely on the use of the simplest standard equipment, without any need for modulators or stroboscopic devices. Quantitative fringe interpretation is straightforward and based on the method of fringe skeletonizing and indexing. Fringe contrast is so high that skeletonizing may be done by simple thresholding.