基于弱相干态光源的非正交编码被动诱骗态量子密钥分配

基于改造的弱相干态光源,提出了一种非正交编码被动诱骗态量子密钥分配方案.该方案不主动制备诱骗态,而是根据发送端探测器是否响应,将接收端的探测结果分为响应集合和未响应集合,以此分别作为信号态和诱骗态,并利用这两个集合来估计参量和生成密钥.数值仿真表明,非正交编码被动诱骗态方案的密钥生成效率和安全传输距离都优于现有的被动诱骗态方案,且性能非常接近主动无穷诱骗态方案的理论极限值;未响应集合对密钥生成的参与使方案性能免受发送端探测效率的影响,弥补了实际探测器探测效率低下的缺陷;由于不需要主动制备诱骗态,该方案实现非常简单,适用于高速量子密钥分配的场合. 关键词： 量子光学 量子密钥分配 被动诱骗态 密钥生成效率     

基于条件参量下转换光子对的非正交编码诱惑态量子密钥分发

诱惑态方法和非正交编码协议可以有效的抵制光子数分束攻击,所以近来得到了广泛的关注.这里结合了这两种方法提出了一种新方案,光源采用呈泊松分布的参量下转换光子对,发送方随机的改变抽运光的强度获得不同强度的信号光,信号态用来产生密钥,诱惑态用来监测窃听,并估算单光子和两光子的计数率和量子误码率,模拟了密钥产生率与传输距离的关系曲线,分析了该方案可以进一步提高安全量子密钥分发的性能.     

一种新的预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥分发方案

提出一种新的预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥分发方案.在发端采用参量下变换产生纠缠光子对,其中之一用来进行预报探测,根据探测结果将另一路光脉冲分成两个集合,其中预报探测有响应的脉冲集合用作信号态,无响应的脉冲集合作为诱骗态.由于探测效率的问题,这两个集合都是有光子的,通过这两个集合的通过率和错误率估计出单光子的通过率和错误率.此方法不需要改变光强,简单可行.仿真结果表明：该方法可以达到完美单光子源的安全通信距离;与预报单光子源的量子密钥分发相比,密钥产生率有了很大的提高;和三强度预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥分发的 关键词： 量子保密通信 量子密钥分发 诱骗态 预报单光子源     

基于预报单光子源和探测器诱骗态的循环差分相移量子密钥分发协议

提出一种基于预报单光子源和探测器诱骗态的循环差分相移量子密钥分发协议,简称HSPS-DD-RRDPSQKD协议。在详细推导协议密钥生成率的基础上,给出了相关数值仿真,并分别与基于弱相干光源和探测器诱骗态的循环差分相移量子密钥分发(WCS-DD-RRDPS-QKD)协议和诱骗态的BB84协议进行了性能比较。结果表明,随着脉冲序列长度L的增大,其密钥生成率和最远传输距离都相应减小;当脉冲序列长度L=16时,HSPS-DDRRDPS-QKD协议较WCS-DD-RRDPS-QKD协议,安全通信距离提高了约100km,密钥生成率提升了近一个数量级;当系统错误率为9.5%时,HSPS-DD-RRDPS-QKD协议的密钥生成率较诱骗态的BB84协议的提升了近两个数量级。     

基于标记配对相干态光源的诱骗态量子密钥分配性能分析

从有效性、稳定性和可行性三个方面, 对基于标记配对相干态光源的诱骗态量子密钥分配的性能进行了全面分析. 采用四组实验数据对基于标记配对相干态光源的三强度诱骗态方案的密钥生成效率、量子比特误码率和最优信号态强度与安全传输距离之间的关系进行了仿真和分析; 考虑到光源涨落, 对方案的稳定性进行了讨论和仿真; 并对基于标记配对相干态光源设计简单易实现方案的可行性进行了分析. 结论表明: 基于标记配对相干态光源的诱骗态方案性能在安全传输距离和密钥生成效率两方面都优于现有基于弱相干态光源和预报单光子源的诱骗态方案; 在光源强度涨落相同条件下, 标记配对相干态光源的稳定性逊于预报单光子源, 而优于相干态光源. 但是标记配对相干态光源在有效性上的优势可弥补其在稳定性上的不足; 且标记配对相干态光源的双模特性为设计简单易实现的被动诱骗态方案提供了条件. 关键词： 量子光学 量子密钥分配 标记配对相干态光源 性能     

基于参量下转换光源的被动测量设备无关量子密钥分配

量子密钥分配过程中制备诱骗态信号易引入一些边信息(频率、脉冲宽度等),窃听者可利用这些信息来分辨信号态和诱骗态。因此,提出了基于参量下转换光源和被动诱骗态方案的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议,分析了其密钥生成率、单光子计数率以及单光子误码率与安全传输距离的关系。仿真结果表明,基于参量下转换光源的被动测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议的密钥安全传输距离达到285 km,远高于基于改造后可输出两路相关信号的弱相干光源的被动测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议,十分接近基于主动诱骗态的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议,且克服了主动诱骗态方案可能引入边信息的缺点。     

预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥产生率及数值计算

独立推导预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥分发的密钥产生率计算公式,讨论密钥产生率和发送端探测效率的关系;进行弱相干光和预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥分发的最优强度估计和密钥产生率数值计算.结果表明,预报单光子源诱骗态量子密钥分发的密钥产生率随着发送端探测效率的增加而增加,其安全通信距离与完美单光子源的通信距离一致;诱骗态量子密钥分发可提高安全通信距离和密钥产生率;预报单光子源由于减少了暗计数的影响,进一步提高了安全通信距离.     

基于标记配对相干态和轨道角动量的量子密钥分配

针对标记配对相干态(HPCS)下量子密钥分配协议采用极化编码和相位编码带来基的依赖性问题,研究了基于HPCS和轨道角动量(OAM)的非对称信道测量设备无关的量子密钥分配协议。分析了该协议在不同距离比率下的平均光子数、误码率、密钥生成率与信道传输损耗的关系。在HPCS和OAM下,对比了对称信道和非对称信道测量设备无关的量子密钥协议的性能优劣。仿真结果表明:采用HPCS弥补了弱相干光源和标记单光子源的不足,大大减少真空脉冲并增加了单光子脉冲;随着信道传输损耗的增大,密钥生成率和安全传输距离逐渐减小,但非对称信道的性能仍优于对称信道的。     

奇相干光源的测量设备无关量子密钥分配研究

刻画了奇相干光源的光子数分布特征,研究了奇相干光源下诱骗态测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统的密钥生成率与安全传输距离的关系,推导了奇相干光源下的计数率下界和误码率上界.仿真结果表明,奇相干光源光子数分布中多光子脉冲的比例低于弱相干光,可以有效提高诱骗态测量设备无关密钥分配系统的最大安全通信距离,为实用的量子密钥分配实验提供了重要的理论参数.     

几类量子密钥分发协议的比较与分析

本文根据量子密钥分发协议的特点,对近期分别由M. Lucamarini等和马雄峰等提出的两类量子密钥分发协议,即双场量子密钥分发协议(TF-QKD)、相位匹配量子密钥分发协议(PM-QKD)与H.K等提出的测量设备无关的量子密钥分发协议(MDI-QKD)进行多方分析,确定比较基准和分类属性,在同一层次上横向比较了这三种协议在设备实现、诱骗态方法、光子源、干涉测量类型、密钥率、安全性证明等方面的特性,结果表明相位编码能有效提高光脉冲传输稳定性,结合单光子干涉以及相位后补偿方法能够进一步提高密钥生成率。     

New protocols for non-orthogonal quantum key distribution

Combining the passive decoy-state idea with the active decoy-state idea, a non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy-state protocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states is introduced based on a heralded pair coherent state photon source for quantum key distribution. Two special cases of this protocol are deduced, i.e., a one-vacuum-and-one-weak-decoy-state protocol and a one-weak-decoy-state protocol. In these protocols, the sender prepares decoy states actively, which avoids the crude estimation of parameters in the SARG04 passive decoy-state method. With the passive decoy-state idea, the detection events on Bob’s side that are non-triggered on Alice’s side are not discarded, but used to estimate the fractions of single-photon and two-photon pulses, which offsets the limitation of the detector’s low efficiency and overcomes the shortcoming that the performance of the active decoy-state protocol critically depends on the efficiency of detector. The simulation results show that the combination of the active and passive decoy-state ideas increases the key generation rate. With a one-vacuum-and-two-weak-decoy-state protocol, one can achieve a key generation rate that is close to the theoretical limit of an infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the other two protocols is a little less than with the former, but the implementation is easier. Under the same condition of implementation, higher key rates can be obtained with our protocols than with existing methods.     

The Decoy-State Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Heralded Single-Photon Source

Based on heralded single-photon source (HSPS), a decoy-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol is proposed in this paper. The MDI-QKD protocol mainly uses orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and pulse position modulation (PPM) technology to realize the coding of the signal states in heralded single-photon source. The three-intensity decoy states are used to avoid the attacks against the light source. Moreover, the formula of key generation rate is given by computing the lower bound of the yield of single-photon pairs and the upper bound of the error rate of single-photon pairs. Numerical simulation shows that the new MDI-QKD protocol has high key generation rate and low error rate. Moreover, the secure communication distance can be up to 450 km.

     

Passive decoy state SARG04 quantum-key-distribution with practical photon-number resolving detectors

SARG04 protocol has its advantages in defending photon number splitting attack, benefited from two-photon pulses part. In this paper, we present a passive decoy state SARG04 scheme combining with practical photon number resolving (PNR) detectors. Two kinds of practical detectors, transition-edge sensor and time-multiplexing detector, are taken into consideration. Theoretical analysis shows that both of them are compatible with the passive decoy state SARG04. Compared with the original SARG04, two detectors can boost the key generation rate and maximal secure distance obviously. Meanwhile, the result shows that quantum efficiency and dark count of the detector influence the maximal distance slightly, which indicates the prospect of implementation in real quantum key distribution system with imperfect practical PNS detectors.     

基于不可信光源的量子密钥分配的统计特性研究

通过比较被动系统与主动系统的特性, 得出可信光源、不可信光源主动系统和不可信光源被动系统的密钥生成率随距离的变化关系; 采用标准误差分析法, 得到相应变量的偏离量; 基于诱骗态方案分析不可信光源被动系统暗计数率和光源强度参数波动对系统安全特性的影响, 得出在1310 nm 和1550 nm通信窗口下, 系统最大安全通信距离范围分别为[73.2 km, 96.5 km] 和[104.5 km, 137.9 km]. 这可为实用量子通信实验提供重要的理论参数. 关键词： 量子密钥分配 不可信光源 被动系统 统计波动     

New estimates of single photon parameters for satellite-based QKD

A new decoy state method has been presented to tighten the lower bound of the key generation rate for BB84 using one decoy state and one signal state. It can give us different lower and upper bounds of the fraction of single-photon counts and single-photon QBER, respectively, for one decoy state protocol. We have also analyzed the feasibility of performing quantum key distribution (QKD), with different exiting protocols, in earth-satellite and intersatellite links. Our simulation shows the choice of intensity of signal state and the effect of choosing the number of decoy states on key generation rate. The final key rate over transmission distance has been simulated, which shows that security proofs give a zero key generation rate at long distances (larger than 16,000 km). It has been shown that the practical QKD can be established with low earth orbit and medium earth orbit satellites.     

Experimental quantum key distribution with decoy states

To increase dramatically the distance and the secure key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD), the idea of quantum decoys--signals of different intensities--has recently been proposed. Here, we present the first experimental implementation of decoy state QKD. By making simple modifications to a commercial quantum key distribution system, we show that a secure key generation rate of 165 bit/s, which is 1/4 of the theoretical limit, can be obtained over 15 km of a telecommunication fiber. We also show that with the same experimental parameters, not even a single bit of secure key can be extracted with a non-decoy-state protocol. Compared to building single photon sources, decoy state QKD is a much simpler method for increasing the distance and key generation rate of unconditionally secure QKD.     

Practical SARG04 quantum key distribution

We have presented a method to estimate parameters of the decoy state method based on one decoy state protocol for SARG04. This method has given lower bound of the fraction of single-photon counts (y ₁), the fraction of two-photon counts (y ₂), the upper bound QBER of single-photon pulses (e ₁), the upper bound QBER of two-photon pulses (e ₂), and the lower bound of key generation rate for both BB84 and SARG04. The numerical simulation has shown that the fiber based QKD and free space QKD systems using the proposed method for BB84 are able to achieve both a higher secret key rate and greater secure distance than that of SARG04. Also, it is shown that bidirectional ground to satellite and inter-satellite communications are possible with our protocol.