多尺寸颗粒堆积多孔介质床有效直径研究

本文针对多尺寸颗粒堆积组成的多孔介质碎片床,研究其冷却性分析模型中有效直径的选取准则。基于Ergun方程和针对性实验,验证多尺寸颗粒组成的多孔介质床的有效直径及其相关计算方法。研究结果表明,多孔介质碎片床的有效直径与流体在多孔介质内的流动雷诺数有关,当雷诺数较低时(Re_p7),面积平均直径可以表征多孔介质的有效直径;随着流动雷诺数的增加(Re_p7),长度平均直径更加接近其有效直径。     

高温气冷堆堆芯球床的流动与换热分析

球床式高温气冷堆的堆芯堆积有大量的燃料球,具有多孔介质特征。本文利用计算流体力学商用软件ANSYS Fluent及其多孔介质模型模拟了球床内的流动与换热现象。通过高温气冷堆满功率稳态运行及失冷不失压事故工况的模拟,分析了球床的流场和温度场,并与高温气冷堆的热工设计计算结果对比,说明了计算流体力学软件及其多孔介质模型对于球床式高温气冷堆热工水力分析的适用性,为后续使用计算流体力学软件开展高温气冷堆的堆芯旁流等复杂热工水力学现象的分析奠定基础。     

分形多孔介质中流体流动的LBM模拟

基于分形理论构造了规则Sierpinski地毯结构来模拟多孔介质孔隙结构,采用Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)分别对不同孔隙率与进出口压差下的分形多孔介质中的流体流动进行了数值模拟.结果表明,分形多孔介质的某些流场结构也具有分形特征;体积流量和流场进出口压差呈线性关系,符合Darcy定律;流体穿过分形多孔介质的体积流量与孔隙率成指数函数关系.     

多孔介质中熔融盐流体高温斜温层蓄热的热特性

对熔融盐高温斜温层蓄热过程进行了较深入的理论与实验研究.基于多孔介质局部热平衡理论,建立了多孔介质中熔融盐流体斜温层蓄热的局部热平衡数值模型,研究了熔融盐、多孔介质孔隙结构参数对多孔介质中熔融盐流体传热与流动的影响规律,并在熔融盐传热-蓄热实验平台上进行了试验研究.结果表明:与熔融盐单相流体斜温层(无填充多孔介质)蓄热系统相比,多孔介质填料能够减少斜温层的厚度和改善其形状,采用单位体积热容量(pc)s大于(pc)f,孔隙率(?)小于0.4有利于降低斜温层厚度及其移动速度.揭示了多孔介质中熔融盐流体斜温层蓄热系统的蓄热特性,为熔融盐高温斜温层蓄热的设计和运行控制提供依据.     

管内层流充分发展段等效热边界层的构造及其场协同分析

本文采用数值计算方法分析了圆管中部分填充多孔介质时在充分发展段的流动与传热特征,并运用场协同原理分析了其强化传热机理.结果表明,采用部分填充多孔介质的方法可以在管内流动充分发展段构造等效热边界层;选择高热导率、高孔隙率的多孔介质以及合理的多孔介质填充率,可以显著强化换热而不引起流动阻力的过度增加.与传统的在流体边界区域采取传热强化措施不同,此时,主要是在流动的中心区域采取传热强化措施.计算表明,性能评价指标PEC数可达6,因此,本文方法对于高效、低阻换热器的设计有一定的借鉴意义.     

冲孔球凸/球凹翅片强化传热研究

为了提高多孔翅片的换热性能,本文提出了新型冲孔球凸/球凹翅片结构。采用数值模拟方法对其流动传热特性进行研究,并对冲孔球凸和冲孔球凹结构布置方式进行了优化。研究结果表明:冲孔球凸/球凹翅片形成局部射流和增加涡结构破碎,增强扰流,增强换热。在相同雷诺数Re下,冲孔球凸/球凹翅片综合换热性能明显优于多孔翅片,性能评价指标PEC提高了31.3%～55.0%;合理的布置方式可以更好地提高翅片换热性能,同时布置冲孔球凸和冲孔球凹两种结构的翅片换热性能优于单一布置冲孔球凸或冲孔球凹结构;翅片壁面同时布置冲孔球凸和冲孔球凹结构时,顺排布置优于叉排,而翅片壁面仅单一布置冲孔球凸或冲孔球凹结构时,叉排布置优于顺排。     

采用多孔介质和肋片复合传热强化的数值研究

本文采用数值计算方法分析了圆管中填充多孔介质和肋片时在充分发展段的流动与传热特性.结果表明,在管内部分填充多孔介质的情况下增加适量的不连续肋片能达到如下两个目的:(1)不连续的肋片能在壁面上扰动流体来强化换热而阻力增加不大;(2)不连续的肋片能在壁面上支撑多孔介质使其在径向固定.计算结果表明,这种复合强化方法的Nu和PEC值比只在管内填充多孔介质时平均高出54%和36%.     

高温填充床蓄热过程传热特性的实验研究

高温蓄热是太阳能热发电、高温热利用等的重要组成部分.本文建立了高温填充床蓄热系统实验装置,采用高温三元熔盐作为传热流体介质,分别采用陶瓷球颗粒和相变球颗粒作为填充材料对蓄热系统进行了实验研究,对蓄热系统进行了整体性能测试.分别得到了显热蓄热和相变蓄热过程中不同时刻、不同测点的温度变化和蓄热量的变化规律,可为蓄热系统的设计提供实验参考.     

多孔介质中卡森流体的分形分析

研究了非牛顿流体中的卡森流体在多孔介质中的流动特性.基于服从分形分布的弯曲毛细管束模型,运用分形几何理论推导出了该流体在多孔介质中流动的流量、流速、启动压力梯度和有效渗透率的分形解析解.模型中的每一个参数都有明确的物理意义,它将卡森流体在多孔介质中的流动特性与多孔介质的微结构参数有机联系起来.文中给出了卡森流体的流速、启动压力梯度和有效渗透率随着各影响因素的变化趋势,并进行了讨论.所得分形模型可以更深刻地理解卡森流体在多孔介质中流动的内在物理机理. 关键词： 多孔介质 卡森流体 分形     

泡沫铜填充曲折槽道散热器内对流换热研究

设计了高孔隙率泡沫金属铜填充的曲折槽道散热器,采用去离子水为工作介质,实验研究了单相对流换热时散热器的压降、散热量、热阻等特性.结果表明,流体流过槽道时压降和流速成二次多项式关系;随着受热表面温度升高,散热量变大,热阻减小并趋于定值.相同雷诺数时,Nu数随着表面温度的升高而增大;综合评价散热器的性能发现,该换热器在相同压降时热阻要低于微槽道散热器和平板多孔介质散热器.     

Phase matching of second-harmonic generation in birefringent porous silicon

Optical second-harmonic generation is investigated in free-standing (110) porous silicon films having strong in-plane birefringence. Based on the measured values of the refractive indices, the conditions of phase matching are calculated and verified in the experiments on angular and polarization dependences of second-harmonic generation. Filling pores with a transparent dielectric liquid allows phase matching to be achieved and the second-harmonic signal to be increased by two orders of magnitude. The results of these experiments suggest an opportunity to form new-type nonlinear-optical media consisting of birefringent porous silicon as a phase-matching matrix for the materials embedded in the pores. Received: 30 April 2001 / Published online: 7 June 2001     

多孔介质内溶解与沉淀过程的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

本文采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了多孔介质内的溶解和沉淀现象, 并分析了雷诺数、施密特数、达姆科勒数对多孔介质孔隙结构及浓度分布的影响. 结果表明: 对于多孔介质内的溶解(沉淀)过程, 当雷诺数越大时, 孔隙率越大(小), 平均浓度值越小(大); 当达姆科勒数或施密特数较小时, 溶解和沉淀过程均受反应控制, 此时反应在多孔介质的固体表面较为均匀的发生; 当达姆科勒数或施密特数较大时, 溶解和沉淀过程均受扩散控制, 此时反应主要发生在上游及大孔隙区域.     

Direct measurement of effective magnetic diffusivity in turbulent flow of liquid sodium

The first direct measurements of effective magnetic diffusivity in turbulent flow of electroconductive fluids (the so-called β effect) under the magnetic Reynolds number Rm?1 are reported. The measurements are performed in a nonstationary turbulent flow of liquid sodium, generated in a closed toroidal channel. The peak level of the Reynolds number reached Re≈3×10(6), which corresponds to the magnetic Reynolds number Rm≈30. The magnetic diffusivity of the liquid metal was determined by measuring the phase shift between the induced and the applied magnetic fields. The maximal deviation of magnetic diffusivity from its laminar value reaches about 50%.     

Filtration in highly porous cellular materials

When studying filtration for materials with a high porosity (higher than 0.80) and large pore sizes (1–5 mm), the capillary model structure, traditionally used in powder metallurgy, cannot be regarded as adequate to the actual processes that occur. The physical picture of the motion of a liquid in a layer of highly porous cellular material can be defined as the flow of a liquid around a spatial framework (the "external" problem of hydrodynamics). For pressure filtering in a highly porous cellular material, three characteristic types of motion of the liquid are observed: laminar undetached flow (Re < 1), detached vortex-free flow (1 < Re < 10), and detached vortex flow (Re > 10). RITTs of Powder Metallurgy. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 48–50, April, 1998.     

Action of gas-permeable materials of varied porosity on the supersonic separated flow over a forward-facing step

Results of an experimental and numerical study of a supersonic flow over a model forward-facing step with a gas-permeable insert of variable porosity installed upstream of the step are reported. The free-stream Mach number was M = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0, and the Reynolds number, Re = 5·10⁵. The gas-permeable insert was either a section of a perforated plate or a section of a highly porous permeable cellular material. The flow visualization performed using the shadow method, PIV, and a soot-oil film has shown that the characteristic size of the vortical flow region exhibited a profound decrease on increasing the insert porosity. In numerical calculations performed at high values of that po-rosity, data on the displacement of the recirculation flow region into the porous material were obtained.     

生物过滤器中非均匀性流动的数值研究

生物过滤技术因其具有有效性、低成本和环境友好等优点引起了人们的广泛关注.该技术主要通过生物过滤器去除含有H2S等废气的有毒有害气体.运用格子Boltzmann方法对三种生物过滤器模型中多孔介质的非均匀性流动进行了数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明,多孔介质的性质和进口流动条件对临界Rayleigh数有显著影响,临界Rayleigh数随着多孔介质的孔隙度和Darcy数的增大而逐渐变小,并随着进口Reynolds数的增大而逐渐变大.所得结果可望为生物过滤器的优化设计提供一个合理的理论依据.     

Rapid imaging of fluid flow patterns in a narrow packed bed using MRI

A gradient echo rapid velocity and acceleration imaging sequence (GERVAIS) has been developed and implemented to image liquid flow within a narrow packed bed. Two-dimensional velocity images have been acquired with an in-plane pixel size of 781 microm x 781 microm, with a data acquisition time of 20 ms for a single velocity component. Images of the x, y and z velocity vectors are reported. Data are reported for Reynolds numbers (based on particle diameter) of 200 and 300. In each case, GERVAIS images are compared with the results of a standard spin-echo phase-encoding velocity measurement. At Re = 200, steady-state flow is expected and the velocity images acquired using both techniques are consistent. At Re = 300, the GERVAIS sequence is able to image the unsteady-state flow field within this system. In contrast, the standard phase-encoding velocity measurement contains significant artefacts.     

Experimental study and theoretical analysis of fluid resistance in porous media of glass spheres

Porous media have a wide range of applications in production and life, as well as in science and technology. The study of flow resistance in porous media has a great effect on industrial and agricultural production. The flow resistance of fluid flow through a 20-mm glass sphere bed is studied experimentally. It is found that there is a significant deviation between the Ergun equation and the experimental data. A staggered pore-throat model is established to investigate the flow resistance in randomly packed porous media. A hypothesis is made that the particles are staggered in a regular triangle arrangement. An analytical formulation of the flow resistance in random porous media is derived. There are no empirical constants in the formulation and every parameter has a specific physical meaning. The formulation predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. The deviation is within the range of 25%. This shows that the staggered pore-throat model is reasonable and is expected to be verified by more experiments and extended to other porous media.     

Physical hydrodynamic propulsion model study on creeping viscous flow through a ciliated porous tube

The present investigation focusses on a mathematical study of creeping viscous flow induced by metachronal wave propagation in a horizontal ciliated tube containing porous media. Creeping flow limitations are imposed, i.e. inertial forces are small compared to viscous forces and therefore a very low Reynolds number (Re ? 1) is taken into account. The wavelength of metachronal wave is also considered to be very large for cilia movement. The physical problem is linearized and exact solutions are developed for the differential equation problem. Mathematica software is used to compute and illustrate numerical results. The influence of slip parameter and Darcy number on velocity profile, pressure gradient and trapping of bolus are discussed with the aid of graphs. It is found that with increasing magnitude of the slip parameter, the trapped bolus inside the streamlines increases in size. The study is relevant to biological propulsion of medical micromachines in drug delivery.     

A Particle Resistance Model for Flow through Porous Media

A particle model for resistance of flow in isotropic porous media is developed based on the fractal geometry theory and on the drag force flowing around sphere. The proposed model is expressed as a function of porosity, fluid property, particle size, fluid velocity （or Reynolds number） and fractal characters D f of particles in porous media. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. The validity of the proposed model is thus verified.