基于侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振的折射率和温度传感研究

用轮式侧边抛磨法制作侧边抛磨光纤,通过磁控溅射法溅射金膜制成侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器,并通过理论和实验对传感器的折射率灵敏度以及温度特性做了深入研究。结果表明表面等离子体共振波长随待测样品折射率的增大向长波长方向漂移,平均折射率灵敏度为4.1×103 nm/RIU(RIU为单位折射率),高于已报道的结果;共振波长随待测样品温度的升高向短波长方向漂移,平均温度灵敏度为0.36nm/℃,故该光纤SPR传感器具有更强抗温度漂移能力和更高的高折射率灵敏度,其在生物化学传感领域有重要的应用。     

太赫兹波段电磁超材料吸波器折射率传感特性

太赫兹超材料吸波器作为一类重要的超材料功能器件,除了可以实现对入射太赫兹波的完美吸收外,还可以作为折射率传感器实现对周围环境信息变化的捕捉与监测.通常从优化表面金属谐振单元结构和改变介质层材料和形态两个方面出发,改善太赫兹超材料吸波器的传感特性.为深入研究中间介质层对太赫兹超材料吸波器传感特性的影响,本文基于金属开口谐振环阵列设计实现了具有连续介质层、非连续介质层和微腔结构的3款太赫兹超材料吸波器,并对其传感特性与传感机理进行了深入研究.结果表明,为了提高太赫兹超材料吸波器的折射率灵敏度、最大探测范围等传感特性,除了可以选用相对介电常数较小的材料作为中间介质层外,还可以改变中间介质层的形态,进而减小中间介质层对谐振场的束缚,增强谐振场与被测分析物之间的耦合.与传统的具有连续介质层的太赫兹超材料吸波器相比,具有非连续介质层和微腔结构的超材料吸波器具有更优越的传感特性,可应用于对待测分析物的高灵敏度、快速检测,在未来的传感领域具有更加广阔的应用前景.     

基于双开口金属环的太赫兹超材料吸波体传感器

本文提出了一种用于生物样品检测的高灵敏度太赫兹折射率超材料吸波体传感器.该传感器由2个同心开口金属环组成,是一种多模谐振器.传感器在0.7—2.5 THz频率范围内具有2个独立可调的工作频段,即1.079 THz和2.271 THz,可观测样品在太赫兹波段的不同电磁效应.采用吸收特性、灵敏度等指标评估太赫兹传感器的性能,自由空间中的吸收率超过99.9%,具有较高的频率选择特性,灵敏度达到693.7 GHz/RIU,检测生物样品最小折射率变化量为0.004,传感性能较好.所提出的传感器使用低介电常数的柔性材料,具有生物相容性、便携性等优点,且在0°—60°斜入射角下及4%的制作误差内显示出高度稳定性.此外,通过乙醇-水混合物模拟实验,验证了传感器的检测效果.本文设计的传感器单元结构之间相互作用小、稳定、易制作,能够显著增强光与物质之间相互作用,在太赫兹高灵敏生物传感检测中具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于石墨烯-金属混合结构的可调超材料吸波体设计

利用石墨烯与金属相结合的方法提出了一种新型超材料吸波体结构,通过改变外加偏置电压来改变石墨烯的费米能级,在微波段分别实现了单频和宽频的振幅可调性,并阐述了其电磁吸波及振幅可调的机理。对单一频段下的超材料结构进行了模拟仿真,结果表明,当结构参数不变时,吸波体的吸收强度随石墨烯费米能级的增加而不断减小,最大调制深度达到了58.6%。当石墨烯费米能级为0eV时,吸波体的中心频率随结构参数的改变而改变。基于多吸收峰叠加扩展带宽的原理,利用不同尺寸单元的排列实现了宽频吸波的特性,并通过仿真模拟证明了该宽频吸波体具有振幅可调的性质。     

具有内参考热补偿功能的三层膜结构微球腔折射率传感器

tBtB光学微腔在高灵敏度传感中有着重要的应用前景,而在传感中热漂移是制约其走向实用的重要因素.本文提出了一种镀有三层膜结构的微球腔,可以在实现高灵敏度折射率传感的同时,具备内参考热补偿功能.该结构由内到外分别涂覆折射率为高、低、高的薄膜,内外两高折射率层可以分别支持各自的回音壁模式,称之为内层模式和外层模式.研究了波导耦合的内外模式在折射率传感和温度传感应用的表现.结果表明,中间膜层厚度为550 nm时,内外模式的折射率灵敏度分别为0.0168和102.56 nm/RIU,温度灵敏度分别为–19.57和–28.98 pm/K.通过监测内外模式谐振波长的差值进行传感,对中间膜层厚度进行优化,=400 nm时,折射率灵敏度为75.219 nm/RIU,探测极限可以达到2.2×10~(–4) RIU,热漂移被减小到3.17 pm/K,极大地减小了热漂移对系统的影响.本研究可为微球腔折射率传感器的设计和改进提供指导.     

金属-介质-金属多层结构可调谐Fabry-Perot共振及高灵敏折射率传感

顶层透光、底层不透光的金属-介质-金属多层结构可以产生窄带完美吸收共振,用于测量介质层待测液体的折射率变化.本文通过构建Fabry-Perot共振解析模型,准确复现了该结构的响应光谱,给出了其共振波长、品质因子、半高全宽和灵敏度的解析表达式,并分析了介质层厚度对光谱的谐振波长和线宽的调谐机制,明确了其物理机理.基于8阶Fabry-Perot共振的金属-介质-金属多层结构,用于折射率传感时的品质因子及优值分别达到2162.8和1648.1 RIU–1.针对极小的折射率扰动,通过在奇异点状态叠加Fabry-Perot共振的调谐机制,提出了通过测量奇异点波长处反射系数的增加量或散射矩阵本征值的分裂量,实现对待测液体折射率的可调谐式传感的方案. Fabry-Perot模型解析结果显示,当待测液体的折射率变化为10–4 RIU时,基于8阶FabryPerot共振的金属-介质-金属多层结构的前向反射系数增加量和本征值分裂量分别达到0.319和1.1279.     

复合金属光栅模式分离与高性能气体传感器应用

为实现近红外波段表面等离子体共振(SPR)模式的分裂和移动, 同时提高光栅基SPR传感器的品质因数, 提出了一种由双金属光栅构成的新型复合结构光栅, 并研究了其气体传感特性. 运用有限时域差分算法对该结构进行了数值模拟, 发现由复合金属光栅激发的SPR出现模式分裂的现象. 通过增大双金属光栅阵列间的相对位移改变原结构的对称性, 导致复合金属光栅分裂的SPR模式朝相反方向移动. 当相对位移量进一步增大到双光栅合并成新的单一光栅时, 随光栅结构对称性的恢复, 分裂的两共振模式最后又重新合并为一个模式. 如果待测物的折射率为1.01≤n_a≤1.05, 当相对位移量为0时, 基于复合光栅结构气体传感器的折射率灵敏度为1207.5 nm/RIU, 且品质因数达到1290.7; 当相对位移量为100 nm时, 与双共振模式对应的折射率灵敏度分别为1205.0 nm/RIU和1210.0 nm/RIU, 品质因数分别为1295.4和762.3. 因此, 复合光栅SPR传感器具有超高品质因数的性能, 使得它在生物化学传感领域中有巨大的应用潜力.     

微纳光纤布拉格光栅折射率传感特性研究

利用光纤布拉格光栅方程和光纤基模有效折射率随纤芯半径和环境折射率的函数关系, 建立了微纳光纤布拉格光栅(MNFBG)反射波长随环境折射率变化的数学模型, 给出了波长灵敏度函数, 并指出MNFBG反射波长的变化规律决定于有效折射率随纤芯半径和环境折射率变化的关系. 详细探究了有效折射率及其灵敏度的变化规律, 结果表明: 有效折射率随纤芯半径和环境折射率的减小而非线性减小, 其对环境折射率变化的灵敏度随环境折射率的增大而非线性增加, 而且随纤芯半径减小, 有效折射率的灵敏度、线性度以及线性响应范围均呈递增规律. 通过对纤芯半径为0.5 μm的MNFBG在1.20–1.30和1.33–1.43 环境折射率范围内的波长响应关系拟合, 分别获得了477.33 nm/RIU和856.30 nm/RIU的波长灵敏度以及99.58 %和99.7%的高线性度, 论证了分析结论以及折射率区间划分测量方案的正确性, 为MNFBG折射率传感器的设计、优化以及应用提供了参考依据. 关键词： 微纳光纤 光纤布拉格光栅 折射率传感 数值模拟     

共振波长对导模共振生物传感器灵敏度的影响

导模共振生物传感器由于具有微型化、免标签、高通量和实时检测等优势被广泛研究。利用严格耦合波理论分析了该生物传感器对样品折射率和厚度的灵敏度随共振波长的变化规律。当样品厚度和共振波长一定时,其折射率灵敏度恒定;随着共振波长的增大,折射率灵敏度显著提高。当样品折射率和共振波长一定时,厚度灵敏度随着厚度的增加而降低,最后趋近于0;当共振波长增加时,厚度灵敏度明显提高,厚度测量范围增大。结果表明:选取较长的共振波长有利于样品的检测和分析。     

基于表面等离子体共振和定向耦合的光子晶体光纤传感器

设计了一种具有较大动态检测范围的新型光子晶体光纤折射率传感器。光子晶体光纤中一个空气孔镀上金纳米薄膜作为表面等离子体共振传感通道用来检测低于石英基底材料的液体折射率,一个空气孔填充待测液体作为定向耦合器通道用于检测高于石英基底材料的折射率。该传感器可以实现折射率为1.32~1.52范围内的检测,且具有较高的传感灵敏度。在各向异性的完美匹配层(PML)下利用全矢量有限元法(FEM)对该传感器特性进行了数值研究,结果表明:在1.32~1.44和1.46~1.52的折射率范围该折射率传感器灵敏度最高分别可达13500 nm/RIU和28700 nm/RIU,RIU为折射率单位。     

Effects of thickness & shape on localized surface plasmon resonance of sexfoil nanoparticles

Localized surface plasmon(LSPR) resonance and sensing properties of a novel nanostructure(sexfoil nanoparticle)are studied using the finite-difference time-domain method. For the sandwich sexfoil nanoparticle, the calculated extinction spectrum shows that with the thickness of the dielectric layer increasing, long-wavelength peaks blueshift, while shortwavelength peaks redshift. Strong near-field coupling of the upper and lower metal layers leads to electric and magnetic field resonances; as the thickness increases, the electric field resonance gradually increases, while the magnetic field resonance decreases. The obtained refractive index sensitivity and figure of merit are 332 nm/RIU and 3.91 RIU~(-1), respectively. In order to obtain better sensing ability, we further research the LSPR character of monolayer Ag sexfoil nanoparticle. After a series of trials to optimize the thickness and shape, the refractive index sensitivity approximates 668 nm/RIU, and the greatest figure of merit value comes to 14.8 RIU~(-1).     

太赫兹波段超材料在生物传感器的应用研究进展

超材料对电磁场的局域增强以及对周围环境的介电性质敏感等特性,可用于无标记生物检测,因而越来越受到国内外的学术关注,特别是太赫兹波段的超材料生物传感器。总结了近年来太赫兹波段超材料在生物传感器方面取得的进展。首先介绍了超材料生物传感器的基本原理,接着分析和讨论了衬底材料和厚度的选择、超材料结构对传感器灵敏度的影响。分析表明,通过优化结构、采用低介电常数和损耗低的薄衬底,能进一步提高生物传感器的灵敏度, 并且多种物质在太赫兹波段都有直接的电磁响应特征,因此利用太赫兹波段超材料实现无标记生物检测具有很大的应用潜力。最后初步探讨了该生物传感器的发展趋势与前景。     

Bridging the terahertz near-field and far-field observations of liquid crystal based metamaterial absorbers

Metamaterial-based absorbers play a significant role in applications ranging from energy harvesting and thermal emitters to sensors and imaging devices.The middle dielectric layer of conventional metamaterial absorbers has always been solid.Researchers could not detect the near field distribution in this layer or utilize it effectively.Here,we use anisotropic liquid crystal as the dielectric layer to realize electrically fast tunable terahertz metamaterial absorbers.We demonstrate strong,position-dependent terahertz near-field enhancement with sub-wavelength resolution inside the metamaterial absorber.We measure the terahertz far-field absorption as the driving voltage increases.By combining experimental results with liquid crystal simulations,we verify the near-field distribution in the middle layer indirectly and bridge the nearfield and far-field observations.Our work opens new opportunities for creating high-performance,fast,tunable,terahertz metamaterial devices that can be applied in biological imaging and sensing.     

Metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic terahertz sensors

Spatial overlap between the electromagnetic fields and the analytes is a key factor for strong light‐matter interaction leading to high sensitivity for label‐free refractive index sensing. Usually, the overlap and therefore the sensitivity are limited by either the localized near field of plasmonic antennas or the decayed resonant mode outside the cavity applied to monitor the refractive index variation. In this paper, by constructing a metal microstructure array‐dielectric‐metal (MDM) structure, a novel metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic (MAIM) sensor is proposed and demonstrated in terahertz (THz) range, where the dielectric layer of the MDM structure is hollow and acts as the microfluidic channel. Tuning the electromagnetic parameters of metamaterial absorber, greatly confined electromagnetic fields can be obtained in the channel resulting in significantly enhanced interaction between the analytes and the THz wave. A high sensitivity of 3.5 THz/RIU is predicted. The experimental results of devices working around 1 THz agree with the simulation ones well. The proposed idea to integrate metamaterial and microfluid with a large light‐matter interaction can be extended to other frequency regions and has promising applications in matter detection and biosensing.

     

Terahertz multi-metal-wire hybrid-cladding hollow waveguide for refractive index sensing

We propose a design of terahertz refractive index sensing based on the multi-metal-wire(MMW) hybrid-cladding hollow waveguide. The proposed terahertz hybrid-cladding hollow waveguide comprises one air core in the center surrounding MMW surrounded dielectric. The central air core is used for filling lossless measurands and transmitting terahertz light. In particular, the refractive index sensing is realized by measuring the mode field area(MFA) variation of radially polarized mode. The modal effective refractive index, mode field intensity distribution, and mode field area properties responding to the measurand refractive indexes for different operating frequencies and structure dimensions are investigated, respectively.Simulations show that the proposed terahertz refractive index sensor can realize easily the measurement of the measurand refractive index. Meanwhile, the effects of operating frequency and structure parameters on sensitivity and measurement accuracy are also studied. In view of the trade-off between sensitivity and measurement accuracy, the reasonable choice of the operating frequency and structure parameters can optimize appropriately the sensitivity and measurement accuracy, and the sensitivity can reach approximately 0.585 mm~2/RIU(RIU is short for refraction index units) with the proper frequency and structure parameter.     

基于圆台结构的超宽带极化不敏感太赫兹吸收器

本文提出一种基于圆台形吸收单元的超宽带、极化不敏感的超材料太赫兹吸收器. 该超材料吸收器采用金属薄膜金和介质层二氧化硅交替叠加的多层结构. 采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009时域求解器计算了其在0–10 THz波段内的吸收率A（ω）,在2–10 THz之间实现了对入射太赫兹波的超宽频带强吸收. 仿真结果表明,由于其圆台形单元结构,在器件垂直方向上形成一系列不同尺寸的微型吸收器,产生了吸收频点相连的多频吸收峰. 利用不同吸收峰的耦合叠加效应,获得超过8 THz的超宽带太赫兹波吸收,吸收强度达到92.3%以上. 这一结构具有超宽带强吸收,360°极化不敏感以及易于加工等优越特性,因而在太赫兹波探测器、光谱成像以及隐身技术方面具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 太赫兹波 超材料吸收器 圆台结构 超宽带     

Modelling of sensitivity of plasmon sensory elements based on silver nanoparticles obtained by laser evaporation and ablation

A comparison of the sensitivity of the spectral position of plasmon resonance calculated by numerical methods to a change in the refractive index of the environment for ellipsoidal and spherical silver nanoparticles with a dielectric shell synthesized by laser ablation has been performed. It has been shown that sensitivity is higher for nanoparticles with the shape of a prolate ellipsoid than for spherical nanoparticles. The modeling has shown that the optimal thickness of the dielectric shell should be 10–12 nm and its refractive index should be 1.6. With this, a sensitivity of the plasmon sensor of 32 nm/RIU (RIU is refractive index unit) may be provided.     

基于石墨烯和二氧化钒的太赫兹宽带可调谐超材料吸收器

太赫兹超材料吸收器作为一种重要的太赫兹功能器件,被广泛应用于生物医学传感、电磁隐身、军用雷达等多个领域.但这种传统的超材料吸收器结构具有可调谐性差、功能单一、性能指标不足等缺点,已经无法满足复杂多变的电磁环境的要求,因此可调谐超材料吸收器逐渐成为了太赫兹功能器件领域的研究热点.为实现超材料吸收器吸收特性的调谐,通常从调...     

Polarization insensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber

We present the simulation, implementation, and measurement of a polarization insensitive resonant metamaterial absorber in the terahertz region. The device consists of a metal/dielectric-spacer/metal structure allowing us to maximize absorption by varying the dielectric material and thickness and, hence, the effective electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. Experimental absorption of 77% and 65% at 2.12 THz (in the operating frequency range of terahertz quantum cascade lasers) is observed for a spacer of polyimide or silicon dioxide respectively. These metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements for thermally based terahertz imaging.