银纳米线表面等离激元波导的能量损耗

金属纳米结构的表面等离激元可以突破光学衍射极限,为光子器件的微型化和集成光学芯片的实现奠定基础.基于表面等离激元的各种基本光学元件已经研制出来.然而,由于金属结构的固有欧姆损耗以及向衬底的辐射损耗等,表面等离激元的传输能量损耗较大,极大地制约了其在纳米光子器件和回路中的应用.研究能量损耗的影响因素以及如何有效降低能量损耗对未来光子器件的实际应用具有重要意义.本文从纳米线表面等离激元的基本模式出发,介绍了它在不同条件下的场分布和传输特性,在此基础上着重讨论纳米线表面等离激元传输损耗的影响因素和测量方法以及目前常用的降低传输损耗的思路.最后给出总结以及如何进一步降低能量损耗方法的展望.表面等离激元能量损耗的相关研究对于纳米光子器件的设计和集成光子回路的构建有着重要作用.     

GaAs薄膜电池光电转换特性研究

微纳减反层结构及微纳金属等离激元结构能有效提高砷化镓(GaAs)薄膜光伏器件在可见到近红外波段的吸收效率。本文采用有限元法(FEM)分析了微纳减反层对GaAs光伏器件的光谱吸收率的影响,并获得相应结构的光电转换特性。进一步探究了在器件内部布置金纳米线对相应结构的光电特性的影响。对应的计算结果显示,微纳减反层结构及金属纳米线结构能有效增强器件的电学输出特性,并提高器件光电转换能力到19.6%。掌握微结构对光伏器件内部光电特性的影响规律可为器件设计和制备提供有益指导。     

十字结构银纳米线的表面等离极化激元分束特性

金属纳米线波导可以将光局域在亚波长尺度内传播, 在纳米光子集成回路方面有着重要的作用. 本文应用有限元方法, 研究了十字结构银纳米线的表面等离极化激元分束特性. 结果表明, 不同模式的表面等离极化激元在十字结构三个分支的输出依赖于端面的几何结构参数. 此外, 研究还发现由于不同模式表面等离极化激元叠加, 在十字结构的分支上出现了周期性电场分布.     

等离激元能带结构与应用

近些年来,表面等离激元因其具有强局域、亚波长和高场强等特殊的光学性质而备受关注,在化学、生物、通信、纳米能源等各领域得到了广泛的研究.为了更好地控制表面等离激元的激发、传播和辐射,具有能带结构的周期性表面等离激元结构被广泛的研究.本文全面综述了具有等离激元能带的微纳结构、能带的产生机制与其特殊的性质,包括连续谱中的束缚态、波导、全带隙、拓扑等.在此基础上,基于等离激元能带设计所开展的一些应用也予以系统总结.最后,随着新材料的发现,本文还简要介绍了二维材料石墨烯等离激元能带和它的一些应用.     

用于中红外波深度亚波长传输的石墨烯间隙等离激元波导

提出一种由石墨烯包裹的纳米线和石墨烯层构成的石墨烯间隙波导结构,并采用有限元方法对基模传输特性及其与结构参数、材料参数等的关系进行了详细研究。结果表明:纳米线半径、间隙距离、纳米线介电常数和石墨烯化学势均对模式传输特性有很大影响。通过优化参数,这种结构可以同时实现石墨烯等离激元的长距离传输和模场的深度亚波长约束。采用石墨烯等离激元实现中红外波的深亚波长传输为突破衍射极限光子器件的设计及高密度集成提供了理论基础和指导。     

人工表面等离激元超材料

以微带为代表的传统微波传输线无法精细操控电磁模式,因此传统电子信息系统在空间耦合、动态响应和性能鲁棒性等方面存在瓶颈。人工表面等离激元(SSPP)超材料可打破上述瓶颈,是光学与信息领域的研究热点之一。人工表面等离激元超材料是一类模拟光频段表面等离激元特性的新型超材料,可在微波和太赫兹频段精细操控表面波,具有与平面电路相似的构型特性,可用于制备下一代集成电路的基础传输线。人工表面等离激元分为传输型和局域型两类。传输型人工表面等离激元超材料始于三维立体结构,后发展成超薄梳状金属条带构型。学者们构建了以其为基础的微波电路新体系,研制了人工表面等离激元滤波器、天线、放大器和倍频器等典型的无源和有源器件,并将其集成为可实现亚波长间距多通道信号非视距传输的无线通信系统。人工局域表面等离激元(SLSP)超材料也经历了从三维立体构型到超薄构型的发展历程,并通过螺旋构型、链式构型、高阶模式和杂化模式等为电磁波的亚波长尺度调控提供了更多自由度。系统讨论了人工表面等离激元超材料在微波电路中的相关理论和应用,包括人工表面等离激元超材料的基本概念、构型发展、无源/有源器件以及无线通信系统。     

三角晶格有耗色散光子晶体的能带结构分析

为探讨有耗色散媒质光子晶体的特性,引入一种计算有耗色散光子晶体能带结构的方法,基于有限元法将能带结构的计算简化为求解关于Block波矢的二次特征值问题,可以有效地得到色散材料光子晶体的能带结构和特征模.分析了三角晶格介质光子晶体能带结构并与现有方法对比,结果表明两种方法在TM模和TE模下得到的能带结构完全相同,验证了该方法的有效性.分析了无耗及有耗色散光子晶体的能带结构,发现无耗光子晶体场强集中于色散媒质与空气的接触面,并呈现出明显的表面等离激元特性,具有对称性,而有耗光子晶体场强减小,表面等离激元变弱,对称性被破坏.相关结果可为有耗色散光子晶体以及表面等离激元的研究提供参考.     

表面等离激元纳米阵列结构传感器的集成化和小型化研究

表面等离激元由于其异常的光学特性在高灵敏度传感领域有着广泛的应用前景。然而,传统棱镜式表面等离激元传感器由于庞大的体积和昂贵的成本限制了其进一步发展。表面等离激元金属纳米阵列结构传感器的出现为实现低成本、小型化和集成化的表面等离激元传感器提供了一条有效的解决途径。文章首先总结了表面等离激元纳米阵列结构传感器的发展现状和应用优势,然后主要介绍了近期作者课题组在表面等离激元传感器小型化、集成化、低成本方面的一些工作。这些工作对推动表面等离激元传感理论的发展,实现金属纳米阵列传感技术器件化具有较为重要的现实意义。     

基于亚波长人工微结构的电磁波减反增透研究进展

电磁波抗反射技术在太阳能电池、光学透镜、红外传感、探测器等众多应用场景中至关重要,长久以来一直是先进光学系统、光电器件研究领域热点方向之一.本文简略回顾了传统的减反的理论与方法;侧重介绍了近几年来基于亚波长人工微结构材料的电磁波减反增透相关研究进展,主要内容包括局域表面等离激元抑制光反射增强光耦合,传播表面等离激元局域共振模式诱导高透隧穿,超构材料诱导金属透明,人工微结构超表面红外、太赫兹减反等若干典型工作;探讨了亚波长人工微结构光学减反领域未来的发展方向与其所可能遇到的问题挑战.     

量子等离激元光子学在若干方向的最新进展

等离激元光子学是围绕表面等离激元的原理和应用的学科,是纳米光学的重要组成部分.表面等离激元的本质是局域在材料界面纳米尺度内的多电子元激发.这一元激发可以与电磁场强烈耦合,使得我们可以通过纳米尺度结构接收,调控和辐射微米尺度光信息,并由此衍生出等离激元光子学的诸多应用.近年来,随着纳米加工尺度逼近量子极限,等离激元的量子特性受到了广泛关注.量子尺度的等离激元承接电子的波动性和光的粒子性,以其独特的內禀属性,在量子信息、高效光电器件、高灵敏探测等方面表现出十分诱人的前景.本综述重点介绍量子等离激元近年来的发展现状,回顾相关理论的发展以及与等离激元量子特性相关的一些突破性成果.最后对量子等离激元未来的发展进行了展望.     

Theoretical study of photon emission from single quantum dot emitter coupled to surface plasmons

Motivated by the recent pioneering advances on nanoscale plasmonics and also nanophotonics technology based on the surface plasmons (SPs), in this work, we give a master equation model in the Lindblad form and investigate the quantum optical properties of single quantum dot (QD) emitter coupled to the SPs of a metallic nanowire. Our main results demonstrate the QD luminescence results of photon emission show three distinctive regimes depending on the distance between QD and metallic nanowire, which elucidates a crossover passing from being metallic dissipative for much smaller emitter-nanowire distances to surface plasmon (SP) emission for larger separations at the vicinity of plasmonic metallic nanowire. Besides, our results also indicate that, for both the resonant case and the detuning case, through measuring QD emitter luminescence spectra and second-order correlation functions, the information about the QD emitter coupling to the SPs of the dissipative metallic nanowire can be extracted. This theoretical study will serve as an introduction to understanding the nanoplasmonic imaging spectroscopy and pave a new way to realize the quantum information devices.     

亚波长尺度下混合等离子泄漏模式激光

由于光存在衍射极限,因此传统方法不能实现亚波长尺度下的激光激射.为了打破这一衍射极限,本文设计了金属-介电层-半导体堆叠结构来实现深亚波长尺度下的激光激射,并讨论了相关结构对模式传播的影响.结构设计上,采用低介电常数金属银作为衬底、10?nm厚的LiF作为介电层、具有六边形截面的半导体纳米线ZnO作为高介电常数层,采用...     

A Compact Optical Switch via Plasmonics of Subwavelength Circular‐Sharp Hole Arrays in Metal Films

We studied numerically the enhanced optical transmission (EOT) through periodic subwavelength circular‐sharp hole arrays in metallic films with different edge sharp distribution features of unit structures. Detailed studies indicate that the unit structure edge sharp distribution features strongly influence the surface plasmons (SPs). These results demonstrate that the number of edge sharp activated the localized surface plamons (LSP) resonance on the unit structure is changed by rotating the polarization of the incident light, leading to change the infrared transmittance of the array. Moreover, a compact plasmonic switch via periodic circular‐sharp hole arrays based on the dependence of SPs on unit structural edge sharp distributions is proposed. The finding provides a new idea for designing plasmonics devices, and expands the application range of metal micro‐nano structure in the field of optical communications and information processing.     

Nanotube based hybrid plasmon polariton waveguide for propagation loss reduction and enhanced field confinement inside the gap region at the subwavelength scale

We present a comprehensive numerical investigation on the guiding properties of a nanotube based hybrid plasmonic waveguide, which comprises a high-index dielectric nanotube placed above a metallic substrate. It is shown that the incorporation of the nanotube offers additional freedom for tuning the optical performance of the hybrid plasmonic structure when compared to the traditional nanowire based hybrid counterparts, which enables further reduction of the propagation loss and enhanced field confinement inside the gap region, while simultaneously maintaining a subwavelength mode size at appropriate geometries. Systematic geometric parameters mapping considering the size of the nanotube and the dimension of the gap reveals that the tradeoff between the confinement and loss could be further balanced through optimizing key physical parameters. These investigations potentially lay the groundwork for the further applications of nanotube based hybrid structures.     

Reducing crosstalk between nanowire-based hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Hybrid plasmonic waveguides based on a surface oxidized dielectric nanowire placed on a metal surface can facilitate simultaneously deep subwavelength mode confinement and large propagation length. Directional coupling based on such waveguides are theoretically investigated. Much lower crosstalk is noticed for such hybrid plasmonic waveguides compared to conventional waveguides based on bare dielectric nanowires. Some modifications, such as vertically placing the metal surfaces or using a metallic block between the nanowires, are studied which can further reduce the crosstalk between two waveguides. The proposed low crosstalk structures based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides can provide a simple platform for plasmonic integration which can at the same time easily interface with traditional photonic circuits.     

Plasmonic planar lens based on stack of metal–insulator–metal waveguides with height tuning

We introduce a technique capable of focusing electromagnetic (EM) waves through plasmonic nanoslits symmetrically arranged along the indented semi-circular surface in silver background. The EM transports through the tuning slits in the form of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), and gets the required phase retardations to focus at the focal plane. Due to the subwavelength nature of planar metallic lens, we present the rigorous electromagnetic analysis by using two dimensional (2D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. These height-modulated slits with uniform width are demonstrated to have unique advantages in beam manipulation. In combination with previous studies, it is expected that our structure with small number of slits could lead to realization of optimum designs of plasmonic nano-lens.     

Subwavelength propagation and localization of light using surface plasmons: A brief perspective

Surface plasmons at the metal–dielectric interface have emerged as an important candidate to propagate and localize light at subwavelength scales. By tailoring the geometry and arrangement of metallic nanoarchitectures, propagating and localized surface plasmons can be obtained. In this brief perspective, we discuss: (1) how surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) can be optically excited in metallic nanoarchitectures by employing a variety of optical microscopy methods; (2) how SPPs and LSPs in plasmonic nanowires can be utilized for subwavelength polarization optics and single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on a photonic chip; and (3) how individual plasmonic nanowire can be optically manipulated using optical trapping methods.     

Optical properties and biomedical applications of plasmonic nanoparticles

Nanoparticle plasmonics is a rapidly emerging research field that deals with the fabrication and optical characterization of noble metal nanoparticles of various size, shape, structure, and tunable plasmon resonances over VIS-NIR spectral band. The recent simultaneous advances in synthesis, characterization, electromagnetic simulation, and surface functionalization of plasmonic nanoparticles by biospecific molecular probes have led to a perfect publication storm in discoveries and potential biomedical applications of plasmon-resonant nanoparticle bioconjugates. Here, we present an overview of these topics. First, we discus basic wet-chemical routes to fabricate conjugates of gold, silver, or composite particles with controllable size, shape, structure and with surface functionalization by biospecific molecules. Second, we consider the single-particle dipole and multipole optics and coupled plasmonic nanoparticle arrays. Finally, we discus application of plasmonic bioconjugates to such fields as homogeneous and solid-phase assays, biomedical sensing and imaging, biodistribution and toxicity aspects, drug delivery and plasmonic photothermal therapy.     

Tunability and linewidth sharpening of plasmon resonances on a periodic gold nanowire array coupled to a thin textured silver film

We theoretically study the plasmon mode spectrum of a multilayer structure consisting of a periodic gold nanowire array and a spatially separated thin silver film with periodic slits. Results show that the plasmon mode spectrum of the multilayer structure depends sensitively on the relative lateral displacement of the Au nanowire array with respect to the textured silver film. This is due to the interaction between the localized surface plasmon (LSP) of the nanowire array and the plasmon modes, including the horizontal LSP and the antisymmetric short-range surface plasmon polariton (SPP), of the textured thin silver film. The strong coupling between the LSP and the antisymmetric short-range SPP results in a redshifted plasmon resonance with a significantly narrow linewidth and a large electromagnetic field enhancement. Moreover, the lateral displacement also has a great influence on the spacer layer controlled dipole-surface interaction. Therefore, this relative lateral displacement provides an efficient way to tune the optical properties of the multilayer structure, and this kind of highly tunable nanostructure can be used as a tunable plasmonic filter or a substrate for LSPs sensor.     

Extreme nonlinear optical enhancement in chalcogenide glass fibers with deep-subwavelength metallic nanowires

A nanostructured chalcogenide-metal optical fiber is proposed. This hybrid nanofiber is embedded with a periodic array of triangular-shaped deep-subwavelength metallic nanowires set up in a bowtie configuration. Our simulations show that the proposed nanostructured fiber supports a guided plasmonic mode enabling both subwavelength field confinement and extreme nonlinear light-matter interactions, much larger than a bare chalcogenide nanowire of comparable diameter. This is all achieved with less than 3% by volume of metal content.