多孔介质中甲烷水合物的分解特性

利用定容降压方法测定了在不同多孔介质中甲烷水合物的分解实验数据, 所使用的多孔介质平均孔径分别为9.03, 12.95, 17.96和33.20 nm, 其中孔径为12.95 nm的多孔介质采用了3个粒径范围, 分别为0.105～0.150, 0.150～0.200和0.300～0.450 mm; 其它孔径的多孔介质的粒径范围为0.105～0.150 mm. 在封闭的条件下测定了不同温度与不同初始生成压力下甲烷水合物的分解实验数据(实验温度范围为269.15～278.15 K, 初始生成压力范围为4.1～11.0 MPa), 结果表明, 水合物的分解速度随着初始生成压力的增加和水浴温度的降低而升高, 也随孔径的增加而升高, 但随多孔介质粒径的增大而降低. 在孔径较大和分解温度较低时, 多孔介质中水合物分解引起的温度降低会使水结冰, 从而减缓水合物的分解速度.     

基于PC-SAFT方程研究多孔介质中水合物相平衡的预测模型

对多孔介质中水合物的形成条件预测模型进行了研究.利用微扰链-统计缔合流体理论状态方程(PC-SAFT)结合van der Waals-Platteuw模型和毛细管Kelvin模型,建立了用于多孔介质水合物体系的相平衡预测模型.在此模型基础上,针对甲烷水合物和CO2水合物对界面张力作了进一步的研究.根据多孔介质水合物相平...     

活性炭中甲烷水合物的分解动力学

在封闭体系内,在初始分解压力0.1 MPa,温度范围276～265 K之间,测定了 五组甲烷水合物在活性炭中的解动力学数据。分析了甲烷水合物在活性炭中分解的 物理过程,提出了以微分方程表达的宏观分解动力学模型。使用单步积分的吉尔（ Gear)方法解得微分方程的数值解,结合单纯形最优化方法拟合模型参数,模型计 算值与实验值符合良好。     

多孔甲烷水合物样品导热系数的测定和模拟

天然气水合物是由水分子和气体分子在一定温压条件下形成的一种类冰状笼形化合物．天然气水合物主要存在于海底和大陆的永久冻土区和青藏高原等多年冻土区,是一种潜在的替代能源．在考虑对天然气水合物资源进行开采和考察地球温压变化对含水合物层的影响时,有必要掌握水合物的热物性和含水合物层的有效导热系数,但目前报道的水合物导热系数数据不一、差异很大．水合物是一种非化学计量的化合物,因此很难获得一个不含自由气、自由水的零孔隙率完美样品．利用多孔介质的理论模型对多孔水合物的导热系数进行预测是获得水合物本征导热系数的有效途径之一．我们在一个自行设计的实验台上使用HotDisk系统独特的单面测试技术,并利用瞬态平面热源法测定了含甲烷气的多孔甲烷水合物的有效导热系数,获得该样品的导热系数和温度以及所加压力的关系．为了研究含甲烷气的多孔甲烷水合物的有效导热系数与孔隙率的关系,我们利用自相似的Sierpinski地毯分形模型,先假设多孔介质体系由多孔介质和流体两部分组成,而多孔介质颗粒则由随机分布不相接触的颗粒和带有接触热阻的自相似分布颗粒组成,再通过一维热流假设和采用等价电阻网络（即通过电一热阻模拟分析得到系统的热导率）分别模拟了干砂（含空气）和多孔甲烷水合物样品（含自由甲烷气）导热系数与样品孔隙度的关系,推测了无孔隙水合物样品的导热系数．实验和模拟结果均显示样品的有效导热系数随着孔隙度的增大而降低,样品的有效导热系数在30％的孔隙度时降低了25％．通过分析实验结果和模拟结果发现,无孔隙甲烷水合物样品的导热系数约为0．7Wm^-1K^-1．     

HCFC-141b致冷剂气体水合物结晶生成过程及其分形生长模型

通过对致冷剂HCFC-141b气体水合物结晶生成过程的显微观测研究,得到了水合物的结晶生成过程微观图像,认为水合物的生成是由于HCFC-141b致冷剂与水在过冷的条件下在界面接触处率先成核,成核诱导与致冷剂的扩散导致水合物不断长大,并呈现出枝状生长的现象.对水合物生成过程中不同阶段的图像进行维数计算,结果表明该水合物结晶生成过程初期属于分形生长,其生长的维数为1.52.应用分形理论,建立了HCFC-141b水合物结晶生长的RIN-DLA (Random Inducement Nucleation-Diffu-sion Limited Aggregation)模型,并对水合物的结晶生成过程进行了计算机模拟,计算并比较了实际图形和模拟图形的维数.     

天然气水合物降压分解微观实验设计*

为了解决天然气水合物降压分解过程中孔隙尺度精细描述的难题,开展了天然气水合物微观可视模型实验设计。实验装置设计从具备可视功能、实时监测功能、数据处理功能和临界状态判断功能入手,开展了设备初始化调试、生成与分解模拟和产气效率分析等共3个层次实验内容。实验结果表明,学生不但能够定性描述水合物微观孔隙水合物生成与分解过程,而且实现了定量计算不同时刻水合物产气效率,这为学生对水合物微观生成与降压分解规律的理解奠定了基础。实验加深了学生对海洋油气工程专业知识的理解,提升了学生解决复杂工程问题的实践能力。     

氯盐溶液中甲烷水合物高压分解条件及影响因素

向水合物储层注入盐类溶液是水合物常规开采技术之一,所以必须掌握储层压力条件下盐类溶液中水合物分解条件及其影响因素.本文研究了NaCl、MgCl2、CaCl2氯盐溶液中甲烷水合物分解条件,结果表明NaCl(2.0、1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)、MgCl2 (1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)和CaCl2 (1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)溶液中甲烷水合物的分解温度比纯水中分别降低了(4.8、2.4、1.0 K (NaCl))、(5.3、1.5 K (MgCl2))和(4.3、1.8 K (CaCl2)).以van der Waals 和Platteeuw 热力学模型为基础,结合电解质溶液中水的活度方程(Pitzer-Mayorga 方程),给出了氯盐溶液中水合物分解条件热力学模型,进而比较了模型计算值与实验值,结果显示两者非常吻合.分析表明,氯盐溶液中离子静电作用产生的水分子溶剂化效应和盐析效应降低了水的活度而导致水合物分解温度降低.     

过氧化氢水溶液作用下甲烷水合物分解特性的分子动力学模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究过氧化氢水(HP)溶液作用下结构I型(SI)甲烷水合物晶体分解特性. 系统分析甲烷水合物在过氧化氢水溶液作用下由晶态向液态转变过程的机理, 对比相同摩尔浓度乙二醇(EG)溶液作用下甲烷水合物分解变化规律, 得出HP与水合物热力学抑制剂EG一样对甲烷水合物分解具有促进作用, 为HP溶液促进甲烷水合物分解实验研究提供参考.     

水中悬浮气泡法研究水合物生长动力学

提出了利用测定温度、压力与水中悬浮气泡表面上水合物生长速度的关系, 以获得普遍适用的水合物生成动力学数据的新实验方法. 采用Gibbs自由能差作为反应推动力对所测的甲烷、二氧化碳气泡水合物生长动力学数据进行了关联, 取得了较好的效果. 对实验中发现的新现象进行了描述和解释.     

甲烷水合物膜生长动力学研究

采用水中悬浮气泡法测定了温度为273.4～279.4 K、压力为3.60～11.90 MPa范围内甲烷微小气泡表面水合物膜生长动力学数据. 应用无因次Gibbs自由能差(－ΔG^exp/RT)作为推动力, 提出了具物理意义的水合物膜生长动力学模型, 并回归得到甲烷水合物膜生长动力学反应级数为1.60, 表观活化能为55.95 kJ•mol^－1, 指前因子为1.65×10¹¹ mm²•s^－1. 同时考察了温度和压力对甲烷水合物膜生长速率的影响.     

Modeling heating curve for gas hydrate dissociation in porous media

A method for modeling the heating curve for gas hydrate dissociation in porous media at isochoric conditions (constant cell volume) is presented. This method consists of using an equation of state of the gas, the cumulative volume distribution (CVD) of the porous medium, and a van der Waals-Platteeuw-type thermodynamic model that includes a capillary term. The proposed method was tested to predict the heating curves for methane hydrate dissociation in a mesoporous silica glass for saturated conditions (liquid volume = pore volume) and for a fractional conversion of water to hydrate of 1 (100% of the available water was converted to hydrate). The shape factor (F) of the hydrate-water interface was found equal to 1, supporting a cylindrical shape for the hydrate particles during hydrate dissociation. Using F = 1, it has been possible to predict the heating curve for different ranges of pressure and temperature. The excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental heating curves supports the validity of our approach.     

Formation process and fractal growth model of HCFC-141b refrigerant gas hydrate

The microscopic visualization experiment on the formation process of HCFC-141b refrigerant gas hydrate has been investigated, and the morphological photos of hydrate formation process have been obtained. The results show that gas hydrate originally nucleated on the interface of refrigerant HCFC-141b and water under the condition of supercooling, then the hydrate grows continually due to the inducement of formed nucleation and diffusion of refrigerant. The formation of gas hydrate presents an arboreous phenomenon. The fractal dimension of the hydrate formation morphology on different stages was calculated. The calculating results indicate that the initial stage of the hydrate formation belongs to fractal growth, and the dimension is about 1.52. Based on the fractal theory, an RIN-DLA (random inducement nucleation-diffusion limited aggregation) model for the HCFC-141b hydrate growth was developed. The hydrate growth process was simulated with the developed model, and the fractal dimension for the simulated     

Fractal-like Kinetic Characteristics of Coalbed Methane Hydrate Dissociation at Normal Pressure

Surface modality of coalbed methane hydrate and fractal‐like kinetic characteristics of the hydrate dissociation at normal pressure have been studied by using fractal geometry theory. The results show that the surface modality of coalbed methane hydrate has fractal characteristic, and the dissociation kinetics of coalbed methane hydrate is fractal‐like. Moreover, a new kinetic model for coalbed methane hydrate dissociation was proposed, and its reliability was validated.     

Study of the permeability characteristics of porous media with methane hydrate by pore network model

The permeability in the methane hydrate reservoir is one of the key parameters in estimating the gas production performance and the flow behavior of gas and water during dissociation. In this paper, a three-dimensional cubic pore-network model based on invasion percolation is developed to study the effect of hydrate particle formation and growth habit on the permeability. The variation of permeability in porous media with different hydrate saturation is studied by solving the network problem. The simulation results are well consistent with the experimental data. The proposed model predicts that the permeability will reduce exponentially with the increase of hydrate saturation, which is crucial in developing a deeper understanding of the mechanism of hydrate formation and dissociation in porous media.     

Numerical studies of hydrate dissociation and gas production behavior in porous media during depressurization process

In this study,a numerical model is developed to investigate the hydrate dissociation and gas production in porous media by depressurization.A series of simulation runs are conducted to study the impacts of permeability characteristics,including permeability reduction exponent,absolute permeability,hydrate accumulation habits and hydrate saturation,sand average grain size and irreducible water saturation.The effects of the distribution of hydrate in porous media are examined by adapting conceptual models of hydrate accumulation habits into simulations to govern the evolution of permeability with hydrate decomposition,which is also compared with the conventional reservoir permeability model,i.e.Corey model.The simulations show that the hydrate dissociation rate increases with the decrease of permeability reduction exponent,hydrate saturation and the sand average grain size.Compared with the conceptual models of hydrate accumulation habits,our simulations indicate that Corey model overpredicts the gas production and the performance of hydrate coating models is superior to that of hydrate filling models in gas production,which behavior does follow by the order of capillary coating>pore coating>pore filling>capillary filling.From the analysis of t1/2,some interesting results are suggested as follows:(1) there is a "switch" value(the"switch"absolute permeability) for laboratory-scale hydrate dissociation in porous media,the absolute permeability has almost no influence on the gas production behavior when the permeability exceeds the "switch" value.In this study,the "switch" value of absolute permeability can be estimated to be between 10 and 50 md.(2) An optimum value of initial effective water saturation Sw,e exists where hydrate dissociation rate reaches the maximum and the optimum value largely coincides with the value of irreducible water saturation S wr,e.For the case of Sw,Swr,e,there are different control mechanisms dominating the process of hydrate dissociation and gas production.     

Numerical Simulation on the Dissociation,Formation, and Recovery of Gas Hydrates on Microscale Approach

Investigations into the structures of gas hydrates, the mechanisms of formation, and dissociation with modern instruments on the experimental aspects, including Raman, X-ray, XRD, X-CT, MRI, and pore networks, and numerical analyses, including CFD, LBM, and MD, were carried out. The gas hydrate characteristics for dissociation and formation are multi-phase and multi-component complexes. Therefore, it was important to carry out a comprehensive investigation to improve the concept of mechanisms involved in microscale porous media, emphasizing micro-modeling experiments, 3D imaging, and pore network modeling. This article reviewed the studies, carried out to date, regarding conditions surrounding hydrate dissociation, hydrate formation, and hydrate recovery, especially at the pore-scale phase in numerical simulations. The purpose of visualizing pores in microscale sediments is to obtain a robust analysis to apply the gas hydrate exploitation technique. The observed parameters, including temperature, pressure, concentration, porosity, saturation rate, and permeability, etc., present an interrelationship, to achieve an accurate production process method and recovery of gas hydrates.     

Experimental studies of the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate in loess

In order to study the nature of gas hydrate in porous media, the formation and dissociation processes of methane hydrate in loess were investigated. Five cooling rates were applied to form methane hydrate. The nucleation times of methane hydrate formation at each cooling rate were measured for comparison. The experimental results show that cooling rate is a significant factor affecting the nucleation of methane hydrate and gas conversion. Under the same initial conditions, the faster the cooling rate, the shorter the nucleation time, and the lower the methane gas conversion. Five dissociating temperatures were applied to conduct the dissociation experiment of methane hydrate formed in loess. The experimental results indicated that the temperature evidently controlled the dissociation of methane hydrate in loess and the higher the dissociating temperature, the faster the dissociating rates of methane hydrate.     

Measurement and modeling of the effective thermal conductivity for porous methane hydrate samples

The effective thermal conductivities of gas-saturated porous methane hydrates were measured by a single-sided transient plane source (TPS) technique and simulated by a generalized fractal model of porous media that based on self-similarity.The density of porous hydrate,measured by the volume of the sample in the experimental system,was used to evaluate the porosity of methane hydrate samples.The fractal model was based on Sierpinski carpet,a thermal-electrical analogy technique and one-dimensional heat flow assumption.Both the experimental and computational results show the effective thermal conductivity of methane hydrate decreases with the porosity increase.The porosity of 0.3 can reduce the thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate by 25%.By analysis of the experimental data and the simulative result,the optimized thermal conductivity of the zero-porosity methane hydrate is about 0.7 W m-1K-1.     

Tetrahydrofuran hydrate decomposition characteristics in porous media

Many tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate properties are similar to those of gas hydrates. In the present work THF hydrate dissociation in four types of porous media is studied. THF solution was cooled to 275.15 K with formation of the hydrate under ambient pressure, and then it dissociated under ambient conditions. THF hydrate dissociation experiments in each porous medium were conducted three times. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to obtain images. Decomposition time, THF hydrate saturation and MRI mean intensity (MI) were measured and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the hydrate decomposition time in BZ-4 and BZ-3 was similar and longer than that in BZ-02. In each dissociation process, the hydrate decomposition time of the second and third cycles was shorter than that of the first cycle in BZ-4, BZ-3, and BZ-02. The relationship between THF hydrate saturation and time is almost linear.