记录结构对体光栅各向异性衍射选择特性研究

以静态体光栅各向异性衍射理论分析模型为基础,将与体光栅厚度有关的记录光强调制度引入到各向异性耦合波方程中.利用耦合波理论分析了光折变晶体中体光栅的各向异性衍射性能,研究了在不同初始记录光强比的条件下,记录光入射角的改变对光折变体光栅各向异性布喇格衍射性能的影响.结果表明：记录光入射角和记录光初始光强比均对体光栅的各向异性衍射具有选择性;与此相比,记录光入射角和记录光初始光强比对于体光栅各向同性衍射不具备选择性.     

Diffraction properties of ultrashort pulsed beams with arbitrary temporal profiles by a reflection volume holographic grating

The diffraction properties of reflection volume holographic gratings are studied when the gratings are illuminated by an ultrashort beam with arbitrary temporal profiles. The modified Kogelnik's theory of coupled waves is used. Simple analytical expressions for spectral and temporal distribution of the transmitted and diffracted are obtained. The dependences of the diffraction bandwidth, the Bragg selectivity bandwidth and the total diffraction efficiency of the reflection volume grating on the temporal profiles of the input ultrashort pulse are investigated. Study shows that the bandwidth of the reflection volume holographic gratings varies with the grating parameters more slowly than the transmitting volume holographic gratings. For three different temporal profiles, numerical results about diffraction properties of the reflection volume holographic gratings are given and compared with the transmitting volume holographic gratings.     

Anisotropic diffraction of stratified volume holographic grating in photorefractive media

We have studied the anisotropic diffraction properties of the stratified volume holographic gratings recorded in photorefractive media using the anisotropic coupled wave theory. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of such system exhibit the uniform periodic Bragg selectivity properties. In addition the dependence of the stratified volume holographic optical elements (SVHOEs) diffraction properties on the buffer-layer thickness, grating-layer thickness, number of modulation layers, and total thickness of system are discussed in detail.     

可实现存储光栅快速增强的新型全息存储结构

提出一种新型全息数据存储结构，该结构包含两块存储的内容完全相同的光折变晶体，无需相位共轭器，仅利用两束时域快速调制的平面参光波便可实现对存储全息图的迅速增强。文章讨论了调制速率，读出光强比，晶体非线性耦合强度及初始光栅强度对增强速度及可获得的饱和衍射效率的影响。     

光轴方向任意时光折变晶体中体全息光栅的衍射性质

利用坐标旋转方法和Kogelnik耦合波理论,建立了光轴方向任意时单轴晶体中体光栅布拉格衍射的耦合波方程,分析了Li NbO3晶体的光轴方向对光折变体全息光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射性质的影响。模拟计算表明,在给定光栅的结构参量时,通过适当选择光轴方向角可以使得光折变体光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射的衍射效率达到最大,给出了相应类型的衍射效率取得最大值时晶体光轴的大致方向。这些理论分析为光折变体全息光学器件的优化设计和进一步广泛应用提供了很好的理论参考依据。     

基于宽光谱应用的波长解复用多重体光栅的光写入特性

针对光通信中波长覆盖范围日益增宽的特点,从理论上研究了用于宽光谱范围波长解复用器件的多重体光栅的布喇格匹配和各波长对应光栅衍射效率的均匀性.计算及实验结果均表明,由于记录介质的色散效应将导致多重体全息光栅读出过程中明显的布喇格失配,并且在写入过程中获得的均匀折射率调制度的多重体光栅,在读出过程中各通信波长对应光栅的衍射效率将不均匀为此,提出了改进多重体光栅的光写入方法,给出了利用角度复用法写入透射型多重体光栅时解复用波长与写入角度的关系,以及写入体光栅过程中记录介质的折射率调制度修正公式.     

Studies of shrinkage as a result of holographic recording in acrylamide-based photopolymer film

We studied the shrinkage in acrylamide-based photopolymer by measuring the Bragg detuning of transmission diffraction gratings recorded at different slant angles and at different intensities. Transmission diffraction gratings of spatial frequency 1000 lines/mm were recorded in an acrylamide-based photopolymer film having 60±5 μm thickness. We have obtained the grating thickness and the final slant angles from the Bragg curve and hence calculated the shrinkage caused by holographic recording. The shrinkage of the material was evaluated for three different recording intensities 1, 5 and 10 mW/cm², while the total exposure energy was kept constant at 80 mJ/cm². From the experimental results it can be seen that the shrinkage of the material is higher for recording with lower intensities and the corresponding values are 1.9%, 1.3% and 1%.     

近化学配比LiNbO3晶体双色光全息记录的实验研究

实验用红光记录紫光敏化,研究了几种不同掺杂浓度和氧化还原状态的近化学配比铌酸锂晶体的双色全息记录特性,如其饱和衍射效率和记录灵敏度的变化规律。实验结果表明,晶体的饱和衍射效率随透射光强与紫外光强比值的增加先增加后减小,而记录灵敏度在不断减小。Mn含量相同时,Tb含量越高的晶体饱和衍射效率越高,而记录灵敏度越低。Tb含量相同时,含Mn比不含Mn的晶体的饱和衍射效率低,但记录灵敏度更高。还原晶体的饱和衍射效率和记录灵敏度均比氧化晶体高。记录光与敏化光的比值、掺杂浓度和氧化还原状态对晶体的全息特性产生影响。通过适当调整上述参数之间的关系,可对材料的全息记录特性进行优化。     

大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的设计和制备

高性能体全息光栅是全息波导的重要耦合元件,角带宽小、平均衍射效率不高是制约体全息光栅性能的重要因素.以不对称倾斜记录为出发点,设计并制备了大角带宽高衍射效率的体全息光栅.首先讨论在横电模式光和横磁模式光下体全息光栅的记录参数与其衍射效率的关系,找到平均衍射效率较高的记录参数范围,随后进一步分析在此范围内的记录参数与体全...     

局域体全息光栅衍射的平面波与柱面波的波前转换研究

利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。     

Study on measuring refractive index modulation of volume phase holographic gratings

In this paper, we present an approach to measure the refractive index modulation of volume phase holographic gratings (VPHG) by use of its angular selectivity, with the advantage of avoiding the diffraction efficiency errors induced by noise. Based on Kogelnik's coupled wave theory for volume holographic gratings, the wave vectors matching relationship for reflective VPHG at different readout wavelengths is deduced and the diffraction efficiency as a function of readout angle is also obtained. Then an all-fiber experimental system is designed to measure corresponding diffraction efficiency with different readout angles for VPHG recorded in dichromate gelatin. By seeking the Bragg angle where diffraction efficiency is maximum and the blank angle where diffraction efficiency drops to the minimum value, the refractive index modulation can be calculated. The experiment results proves the feasibility of the method.     

Holographic Bragg gratings in a photoresponsive cross-linked polymer-liquid-crystal composite

Holographic gratings were in a composite material that comprised a cross-linked polymer with azobenzene side chains and a nematic liquid crystal. Holographic recording was based on the photoinduced alignment of the nematic liquid crystal inside a cell as a result of amplification of the photoreorientation of azobenzene residues. The diffraction efficiency depends on cell thickness and reading angle of the gratings, so this composite material exhibits volume holographic properties with Bragg diffraction.     

Mode theory of three-dimensional superposed holograms: II. The wave field arising from the reconstruction of a superposed hologram

The wave field arising in the volume of superposed holograms is obtained with allowance for multiple wave diffraction on holographic cross-modulation gratings. It is shown that cross-talk interference waves are generated as a result of multiple diffraction, and their intensity depends on the degree of mutual orthogonality of hologram object waves.     

Influence of the characteristic curve of the material on the diffraction efficiency of holographic volume phase gratings

The behaviour of the diffraction efficiency of holographic gratings is discussed on the basis of the multiwave coupled-wave approach, taking into consideration the photoinduced change in the refractive index of the recording medium. The cases of Bragg and off-Bragg reconstruction in Bragg and mixed diffraction are considered. The influence of the higher harmonics of the refractive index modulation profile on the diffraction efficiency is shown.     

Polarization holographic gratings with high diffraction efficiency recorded in azopolymer PAZO

Azopolymers are one of the most efficient materials able to record the polarization state of light. They have numerous applications, such as data storage and diffractive optical elements with unique polarization properties. An essential parameter for each diffractive element is its diffraction efficiency η. In order to optimize the recording conditions and obtain high-efficient polarization holographic gratings, in the present work we study the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the recording angle and thickness of a series of azopolymer layers. Three recording angles are used ??10°, 20° and 30° and three series of thin films with thicknesses 470, 850 and 2400 nm from the water-soluble azopolymer PAZO. The gratings are inscribed by two plain waves with left and right circular polarization from a He-Cd gas laser (442 nm). The diffraction efficiency of the gratings is probed with a right hand circularly polarized beam from a probe laser with wavelength 635 nm. The kinetics of diffraction efficiency η(t) in the +?1 diffraction order are presented and compared. Our experimental results indicate that highest diffraction efficiency (more than 40%) is obtained for the sample with thickness 2400 nm and for recording angle 10°. As the holographic recording in azopolymers is usually accompanied by formation of surface relief gratings, the surface topography of the recorded samples is also investigated by atomic force microscopy.     

Thermal polarization properties of thick anisotropic diffraction holograms recorded in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals

The diffraction and polarization properties of thick anisotropic holographic gratings recorded in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals are studied experimentally and theoretically. Such gratings are anisotropic and sensitive to temperature variations and also exhibit a strong dependence of the diffraction properties on the incident radiation polarization because of the presence of liquid-crystal molecules. The dependences of the diffraction efficiency and diffracted beam polarization orientation on the diffraction grating temperature and incident beam linear polarization are obtained for the case of Bragg incidence. The same dependences are derived using the known experimental temperature curves of the liquid crystal permittivity. The experimental data are in agreement with the theoretical calculations. The feasibility of controlling the diffraction characteristics of the grating in a wide temperature interval is demonstrated.     

Mode theory of three-dimensional superimposed holograms: III. Hologram crosstalk

Crosstalks of three-dimensional superimposed holograms, caused by multiple wave diffraction at crossmodulation and intermodulation hologram gratings, were studied. It was shown that the intensity of these interferences depends on the method of data coding in physical parameters of hologram object waves during holographic recording. A coding method efficiently lowering the interference intensity was considered.     

Polarization properties of thick anisotropic diffraction holograms recorded with infrared-polymerizable media

The polarization properties of thick anisotropic holographic gratings are studied theoretically and experimentally. The dependences of the diffraction efficiency, ellipticity, and polarization orientation of the diffraction beam on the azimuth angle of polarization of an incident Bragg beam are derived. The experimental data are shown to agree well with the analytical calculations. It is found that the diffraction characteristics can be controlled in a wide range of incident polarization.     

Evanescent wave holographic recording in nanosize thick chalcogenide glass films

The results of holographic gratings recording in 29, 15 and 8 nm thick As₂S₃ films are presented in the paper. The method is based on the interference of surface-propagating evanescent waves, created by total internal reflection. The condition for successful recording is the penetration depth of these inhomogeneous waves to be greater than the films thickness. In this case, the film’s refractive index does not affect the total internal reflection (TIR) condition and could be greater than the input glass prism. The experimentally obtained low diffraction efficiencies by this holographic recording technique is due to the very low refractive index modulation, but the good signal-to-noise ratio - better than 50:1 and Bragg-type diffraction are a base for future applications of this grating formation method in nanotechnology.     

Temporal formation of optical anisotropy and surface relief during polarization holographic recording in polymethylmethacrylate with azobenzene side groups

The formation of polarization holographic gratings with both optical anisotropy and surface relief (SR) deformation was studied for polymethylmethacrylate with azobenzene side groups. Temporal contributions of isotropic and anisotropic phase gratings were simultaneously determined by observing transitional intensity and polarization states of the diffraction beams and characterizing by means of Jones calculus. To clarify the mechanism of SR deformation, cross sections of SR were characterized based on the optical gradient force model; experimental observations were in good agreement with the theoretical expectation. We clarified that the anisotropic phase change originating in the reorientation of the azobenzene side groups was induced immediately at the beginning of the holographic recording, while the response time of the isotropic phase change originating in the molecular migration due to the optical gradient force was relatively slow.