Correction to Hawking Radiation Characteristics of Stationary Demianski-Newman Black Hole

The pure thermal spectrum in dragging coordinate system and the tunneling radiation characteristics across the event horizon for stationary Demianski-Newman black hole are researched. The result shows that the tunneling rate of the particle is relevant to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and the derived radiate spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but is consistent with underlying unitary theory. Finally, we use the obtained results to reduce to stationary Kerr black hole and static Schwarzschild black hole, and find that only when ignoring the spectrum at higher energies is the tunneling radiation spectrum consistent with Hawking pure thermal one.     

正则黑洞熵

应用隧道效应所得到的能量谱计算配分函数,进而计算黑洞熵.当本结论取一级近似时,熵修正的对数项与考虑广义不确定关系对黑洞熵修正的对数项一致,然而在计算中没有不确定因子.虽然对数修正项前的因子与考虑热波动对黑洞熵修正中对数项前的因子相同,但所给结论中当黑洞的热容量为负时也不存在发散项.所以本结论具有普遍性. 关键词： 广义不确定关系 热波动 正则系综 量子修正     

Canonical Entropy of Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole

Recently, Hawking radiation of the black hole has been studied using the tunnel effect method. It is found the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strictly pure thermal spectrum. How the departure from pure thermal spectrum affects the entropy? This is a very interesting problem. In this paper, we calculate the partition function by energy spectrum obtained by tunnel effect. Using the relation between the partition function and entropy, we derive the expression of entropy the general charged black hole. In our calculation, we not only consider the correction to the black hole entropy due to fluctuation of energy but also consider the effect of the change of the black hole charges on entropy. We discuss Reissner-Nordstrom black hole and obtain that Reissner-Nordstrom black hole cannot approach the extreme black hole by changing its charges.     

Correction value to charged Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy

Recently, based on the study of black hole Hawking radiation with the tunnel effect method, we found that the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strict pure thermal spectrum. It is a very interesting problem to determine how the departure of the black hole radiation spectrum from the pure thermal spectrum affects entropy. We calculate the partition function by the energy spectrum obtained using tunnel effect. Using the relation between the partition function and entropy, we derive the correction value to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the charged black hole. Furthermore, we obtain the conditions that various thermodynamic quantities must satisfy, when phase transition of the charged black hole occurs. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2006011012) and the Doctoral Sustentation Fund of Shanxi Datong University of China     

Tunnelling effect of the non-stationary Kerr black hole

Extending Parikh and Wilczek＇s work to the non-stationary black hole, we study the Hawking radiation of the non-stationary Kerr black hole by the Hamilto-Jacobi method. The result shows that the radiation spectrum is not purely thermal and the tunnelling probability is related to the change of Bekenstein Hawking entropy, which gives a correction to the Hawking thermal radiation of the black hole.     

Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞的Hawking辐射

利用延拓Damour-Ruffini方法,研究Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞的Hawking辐射.在保持时空中总能量守恒的条件下,考虑辐射粒子对时空的反作用和黑洞事件视界与宇宙视界的相互关联后,得到黑洞辐射谱.此辐射不再是严格的纯热谱,与黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界对应Bekenstein-Hawking熵变有关,发现其结果仍然符合幺正性原理. 关键词： Damour-Ruffini方法 Hawking辐射 能量守恒     

Kerr-Newman-de Sitter黑洞辐射谱和熵修正

本文延拓Damour-Ruffini方法,研究Kerr-Newman-de Sitter黑洞的Hawking辐射.在保持时空中总能量,总角动量和总电荷守恒的条件下,考虑辐射粒子对时空的反作用与黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界的相互关联后,得到了黑洞辐射谱.此辐射不再是严格的纯热谱与黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界对应Bekenstein-Hawking熵变有关.研究发现其结果仍然符合幺正性原理.同时给出了黑洞Bekenstein-Hawking熵的修正项.使人们对黑洞热辐射的研究有了进一步的认识.     

Kerr-Newman-de Sitter黑洞辐射谱和熵修正

本文延拓Damour-Ruffini方法,研究Kerr-Newman-de Sitter黑洞的Hawking辐射.在保持时空中总能量,总角动量和总电荷守恒的条件下,考虑辐射粒子对时空的反作用与黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界的相互关联后,得到了黑洞辐射谱.此辐射不再是严格的纯热谱与黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界对应Bekenstein-Hawking熵变有关.研究发现其结果仍然符合幺正性原理. 同时给出了黑洞Bekenstein-Hawking熵的修正项. 使人们对黑洞热辐射的研究有了进一步的认识.     

Correction to Hawking Pure Thermal Spectrum of Stationary Kaluza-Klein Black Hole

Applying Parikh's quantum tunneling method, the tunneling characteristics of stationary Kaluza-Klein black hole is researched. The result shows that the tunneling rate across the event horizon of the black hole is relevant to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum deviates from pure thermal when the self-gravitation, energy conservation and angular momentum conservation are taken into consideration. Finally, we use the obtained results to reduce to stationary Kerr black hole and static Swarzschild black hole, and find that only ignoring the spectrum at higher energies the tunneling radiation spectrum is consistent with Hawking pure thermal one. PACS:97.60.Lf,04.70._s     

Kerr解的新形式及其隧穿辐射

Parikh最近将黑洞辐射视为半经典的隧穿过程,在考虑了自引力相互作用后,得出静态球对称Schwarzschild和Reissner-Nordstrm黑洞的辐射谱不是纯热谱.采用Doran给出的Kerr黑洞解的新形式,将Parikh的工作推广到Kerr黑洞,研究转动黑洞的隧穿辐射,得到了修正的辐射谱,它与黑洞的Bekenstein-Hawking熵变有关,不是纯热谱,但满足量子力学中的幺正性原理. 关键词： Kerr黑洞 隧穿辐射 自引力修正 Bekenstein-Hawking熵     

Hawking radiation of Kerr–Newman–de Sitter black hole

We extend the classical Damour–Ruffini method and discuss Hawking radiation in Kerr–Newman–de Sitter (KNdS) black hole. Under the condition that the total energy, angular momentum and charge of spacetime are conserved, taking the reaction of the radiation of the particle to the spacetime and the relation between the black hole event horizon and the cosmological horizon into consideration, we derive the black hole radiation spectrum. The radiation spectrum is no longer a pure thermal one. It is related to the change of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy corresponding the black hole event horizon and the cosmological horizon. It is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

缓变动态Kerr-Newman黑洞的量子热力学性质

引入局域热平衡概念，用Damour-Ruffini方法和薄膜模型研究了缓变动态Kerr-Newman黑洞的Hawking辐射和熵.得到了黑洞的Hawking温度和辐射谱公式，Hawking温度随时间和视界面上的位置而变化，辐射谱为准黑体谱；计算了黑洞熵，当取与静态球对称黑洞情况相同的截断关系时便得到了黑洞的Bekenstein-Hawking熵.结果表明，缓变动态黑洞的温度是局域量，缓变动态黑洞的熵与稳态黑洞情况一样正比于黑洞视界面面积. 关键词： 缓变动态黑洞 Hawking辐射 黑洞熵     

Canonical Entropy and Phase Transition of Rotating Black Hole

Recently, the Hawking radiation of a black hole has been studied using the tunnel effect method. The radiation spectrum of a black hole is derived. By discussing the correction to spectrum of the rotating black hole, we obtain the canonical entropy. The derived canonical entropy is equal to the sum of Bekenstein-Havcking entropy and correction term. The correction term near the critical point is different from the one near others. This difference plays an important role in studying the phase transition of the black hole. The black hole thermal capacity diverges at the critical point. However, the canonical entropy is not a complex number at this point. Thus we think that the phase transition created by this critical point is the second order phase transition. The discussed black hole is a five-dimensional Kerr-AdS black hole. We provide a basis for discussing thermodynamic properties of a higher-dimensional rotating black hole.     

A New Method to Study Hawking Tunneling Radiation of the Charged Particles from Ressiner-Nordström Black Hole

The tunneling radiation of Ressiner-Nordström black hole is studied by developing Hamilton-Jacobi method. The result shows the actual radiation spectrum deviates from the pure thermal one and the tunneling probability are related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, which is accordant with Parikh and Wilczek's and gives a new method to correct Hawking pure thermal radiation of Ressiner-Nordström black hole.     

A Secret Tunnel Through the Horizon

Hawking radiation is often intuitively visualized as particles that have tunneled across the horizon. Yet, at first sight, it is not apparent where the barrier is. Here I show that the barrier depends on the tunneling particle itself. The key is to implement energy conservation, so that the black hole contracts during the process of radiation. A direct consequence is that the radiation spectrum cannot be strictly thermal. The correction to the thermal spectrum is of precisely the form that one would expect from an underlying unitary quantum theory. This may have profound implications for the black hole information puzzle.     

Massive Radiation via Tunneling in a BTZ Black Hole

Hawking radiation can usefully be viewed as a semi-classical tunneling process that originates at the black hole horizon. Massive radiation from a BTZ black hole is investigated. The conservation of energy implies the effect of self-gravitation. Viewed as a tunneling process, the emission spectrum derivates from the pure thermal spectrum, but it is consistent with an underlying unitary theory. The result is the same as that of massless particles.     

Tunneling of Charged Massive Particles from Taub-NUT-Reissner-Nordström-AdS Black Holes

We apply the null-geodesic method to investigate tunneling radiation of charged and magnetized massive particles from Taub-NUT-Reissner-Nordström black holes endowed with electric as well as magnetic charges in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spaces. The geodesics of charged massive particle tunneling from the black hole is not lightlike, but can be determined by the phase velocity. We find that the tunneling rate is related to the difference of Bekenstein-Hawking entropies of the black hole before and after the emission of particles. The entropy differs from just a quarter area at the horizon of black holes with NUT parameter. The emission spectrum is not precisely thermal anymore and the deviation from the precisely thermal spectrum can bring some information out, which can be treated as an explanation to the information loss paradox. The result can also be treated as a quantum-corrected radiation temperature, which is dependent on the black hole background and the radiation particle’s energy and charges.     

Quantum tunnelling radiation of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole

By taking the energy conservation and angular momentum conservation into account, the characteristics of the quantum-tunnelling radiation of Einstein--Maxwell--Dilaton--Axion black hole are studied and the result shows that the tunnelling rate of such a black hole is relevant to Bekenstein--Hawking entropy and that the obtained radiation spectrum is not pure thermal.     

The research on the quantum tunneling characteristics and the radiation spectrum of the stationary axisymmetric black hole

At the event horizon and the cosmological horizon of the stationary axisymmetric Kerr-Newman black hole in the de Sitter space-time background, the tunneling rate of the charged particles is relevant with Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the real radiation spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but consistent with the underlying unitary theory in quantum mechanics. This is a feasible interpretation for the paradox of the black hole information loss. Taking the self-gravitation action, energy conservation, angular momentum conservation and charge conservation into account, the derived radiation spectrum is a correct amendment to the Hawking pure thermal spectrum.     

The Tunneling Radiation Characteristics of Kerr-Newman de Sitter Black Hole

The strictly thermal spectrum in dragging coordinate system and the tunneling radiation characteristics of stationary axisymmetry Kerr-Newman de Sitter black hole is studied. The result shows that the tunneling rates at the event and cosmological horizon are related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and that the factual radiation spectrum is not strictly pure thermal. Thus an exact correction to the Hawking thermal spectrum is present.