双光栅白光衍射干涉的消色效应

本文提出和研究了白光点源照明下的双光栅衍射干涉效应,报道了白光照明下剪切干涉的“消色效应”,给出了完整的菲涅耳线性标量衍射原理的数学推导和几何光学的解释.     

反向脉冲传递法——扩展白光干涉现象研究 Ⅱ.Lau效应和光栅成像

本文用反向脉冲传递法分析了扩展白光照明下的光栅成像现象,即一个光栅被另一光栅成像的过程,进而分析了Lau效应,其优点是:分析方法简单,物理意义明确,解释完整。     

扩展白光编码栅谱衍射干涉仪:理论

本文提出了一种新型的扩展白光光栅衍射干涉仪.系统中两块编码光栅用透镜互相成倒像,被测物置于其间并且也用透镜成像于观察屏上.物体的任一像点的强度决定于编码光栅傅里叶谱分布经过的相应的部分物体中的相位变化,由于色散从而得到带有彩色的干涉图.干涉形式可以用不同图案的编码栅来调换.系统用菲涅耳近似衍射理论进行了分析,导出了一般性结果,研究了编码栅形状,傅里叶变换谱和干涉形式之间的关系.最后给出了实验.     

有限宽双光栅成像效应的分析与应用

用稳相积分法分析了点光源经过2个平行放置的有限宽平面透射光栅组成的系统衍射后的复振幅分布。当两光栅满足双光栅成像条件时,将其衍射成像与无限宽双光栅衍射成像进行对比,得到有限宽光栅对双光栅衍射像的位置没有影响,而衍射像随两光栅之间的相对距离及衍射级数而变化。文中计算了满足双光栅成像条件时,某实验参数下衍射像的大小的情形,结果有限宽双光栅成像被放大了1.22倍。并根据其原理进行白光再现普通透射全息图色彩研究。     

反向脉冲传递法——扩展白光干涉现象研究 (Ⅰ)扩展白光成像于涉仪

本文提出反向脉冲传递法的光学系统分析方法,并讨论扩展白光照明下的干涉现象,优点是数学分析简单,物理意义明确和能作为一种统一的观点。 借助于反向脉冲传递,本文提出了扩展白光干涉仪的一般性模型,讨论了产生干涉的分束和补偿光学元件必须满足的分束复合条件,导出了干涉强度的一般表达式,结论是像点光场正比于物面反向脉冲响应的平方对物体的积分。同时,还分析了振幅分束,偏振分束和编码栅衍射分束等几种干涉仪。也讨论了白光色散效应。     

用菲涅耳理论研究衍射光路可逆性

 用菲涅耳衍射理论研究了光栅及双光栅成像系统衍射光路的可逆性。首先用菲涅耳衍射理论分析单片光栅衍射光的复振幅分布,根据其复振幅分布的相位关系研究其可逆性;再根据单片光栅衍射光路所具有的结论来分析双光栅衍射成像效应的衍射光路可逆性,得到了光栅衍射光路及双光栅成像系统光路具有部分可逆性;应用衍射光路的部分可逆性诠释了双光栅成像效应的本质及光栅的汇合光谱特性是色散光谱特性的逆效应,并根据衍射光路具有部分可逆性的特性实现了图像处理。     

光学系统中的光栅衍射自成像现象:广义的Talbot效应

本文基于菲涅耳-克希霍夫(Fresnel-Kirchhoff)积分推导了在菲涅耳(Fresnel)近似下,光栅在光学系统中的衍射自成像现象:广义的Talbot效应。并把几何成像归结为Talbot成像的一个特殊情况。依据广义Talbot公式,讨论了在平行光、球面波照明时,光栅的衍射自成像特点。最后,用干涉观点解释了光学系统中的衍射自成像现象。     

空间调制干涉型和衍射光栅型成像光谱仪信噪比性能的分析比较

以Sagnac空间调制干涉型成像光谱仪和Offner凸面光栅衍射型成像光谱仪为例,着重分析和比较这两类成像光谱仪的信噪比性能。在相同观测条件下,通过推导这两类成像光谱仪所得到的图像像元的光谱辐亮度,指出空间调制干涉型成像光谱仪并不具有高通量和多路复用优势,信噪比也低于衍射光栅成像光谱仪。而且随着光谱谱段数的增加,即光谱分辨率的提高,衍射光栅成像光谱仪的信噪比优势更明显。     

应用于大场景光学演示实验的高亮度白光光源制作

采用超高压汞灯为光源灯芯,制作了应用于大场景物理演示实验教学的高亮度白光光源.该光源可以用于牛顿环干涉实验和光栅衍射实验.     

基于扫描白光干涉法的LCOS芯片像素级相位分析

提出了一种扫描白光干涉法,用于获取LCOS芯片的相位调制特性曲线并对其进行相位校准,而且实现了对LCOS芯片建立的相位光栅的像素级相位分析.将补偿玻璃平板紧贴于参考镜处,克服了白光短相干长度的限制,提高了干涉条纹间的对比度.利用Morlet小波变换法求取白光干涉信号包络曲线的峰值点进行相位值重构,实现了0.01π的相位测量精度,同时保证了横向分辨率为0.79μm.利用Logistics函数对相位调制幅度为2π的二元光栅相位轮廓进行拟合,得到其相位回程区宽度为11.49μm.小像素LCOS芯片构建的闪耀光栅存在相位线性增长区和相位回程区.周期为40μm的闪耀光栅相位回程区宽度为8.81μm,其衍射效率为71.9%.对不同周期的闪耀光栅的相位轮廓进行分析,结果表明:闪耀光栅的周期越小,相位回程区相对宽度越大,衍射效率降低.     

模板法测量图像传感器调制传递函数方法研究

在干涉条纹投射法测量的基础上，提出了利用正弦模板法测量图像传感器调制传递函数的新方法.通过将一定空间频率的正弦模板直接投射在图像传感器上，获得了同频率光强呈正弦分布的图像，通过计算求出图像传感器的调制传递函数.讨论了其具体实现方法，并用空间频率为50l/mm的计量光栅做了近似实验，采用了相应的数据处理方法，获得了较为满意的调制传递系数.     

用光纤白光干涉技术测量晶体的弹光系数

运用折射率椭球分析晶体的弹光效应,给出了三方晶系沿光轴方向的应力与折射率的变化关系.针对晶体的各向异性和折射率随应力变化很小的因素,利用白光干涉技术空间分辨率高的特点,将白光干涉技术拓展到研究各向异性材料的光学性质. 并对测量群折射率的光纤迈克尔逊白光干涉技术进行了改进.采用光栅位移传感器和全保偏光纤提高反射扫描镜的位移准确度.通过测量石英晶体在不同外力下折射率的变化情况,确定了晶体的弹光系数. 石英晶体的弹光系数P33和P13分别为0.110和0.279,其准确度达到0.001.     

光源编码的白光散斑剪切干涉计量术

本文提出了一种用非相干光源照明进行剪切干涉计量的方法—光源编码的白光散斑剪切干涉计量术.它采用光栅对光源进行编码以提高空间相干性,使物体的两个剪切像的波面部分相干叠加,以实现剪切干涉.     

Large refractive index modulation tilted holographic planar structured grating based on dichromated gelatin

A new type grating, tilted holographic planar structured dichromated gelatin (DCG) grating with large refractive index modulation, is presented in this paper. The grating is inscribed by superposing two coherent laser beams from the front and the thin side surfaces, respectively. The relationship between the tilted angle and the three types of coupling modes is analyzed when coupling with fiber. Besides, the couple mode theory and experimental investigation are applied on major characteristics analysis of the radiation mode DCG grating of tilted angle 45°. Due to the tilted planar structured grating has large refractive index modulation, it not only offers convenience for connecting (or integrating) with other fiber or waveguide-based devices, but also provide some special characteristics such as low wavelength selectivity (which is required for some applications such as multiple spectrum biomedical imaging). Therefore, this unique grating device has a wide application in optical fields such as for the waveguide-based, parallel, multiple spectrum imaging system.     

Measurement technique for depth profiling in time-domain low-coherence interferometer

A measurement technique for depth profiling in a time-domain low-coherence interferometer has been proposed. The spatial variation of the optical path caused by a diffraction grating in the Littrow configuration produces a white-light interferogram. A one-dimensional charge-coupled device (1D-CCD) detector is used to measure the undersampled white-light interferogram. The position of the reflective boundary is calculated from the rate of phase change with spatial frequency, which is based on the sub-Nyquist sampling of the white-light interferogram in the frequency domain.     

A new pixel matching method using the entire modulation of the measured object in online PMP

A method using entire modulation information of the measured object itself for pixel matching is proposed in online phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Only one fixed sinusoidal grating is projected onto the moving measured object and then five deformed patterns are captured by the imaging system (CCD). Because the contrast of the sinusoidal grating is a constant, the modulation distribution of each deformed pattern reflecting the gray of the measured region can be extracted. The entire modulation of the object cut from one of them is regarded as a template, and then the distance of the measured object's movement between each two adjacent deformed pattern can be calculated by the correlation operation so that we can cut the corresponding parts containing the measured object's information from five deformed patterns. Then the discrete phase can be calculated with Stoilov algorithm. By the phase unwrapping and the mapping algorithm, the object can be reconstructed exactly. A series of simulations and experiments confirm its feasibility and validity.     

一种新型的光栅成象型位移传感器

光栅的成象效应是光栅被点光源或扩展光源照明后自成象的一种特殊效应。该文应用傅里叶光学原理对扩展光源照明下光栅的成象特性作了分析,并由此设计出一种新型的光栅成象型位移传感器。     

Evaluation of spectral phase in spectrally resolved white-light interferometry: Comparative study of single-frame techniques

Spectral phase in a white-light interferogram contains information about the absolute optical path difference (OPD) in the interferometer. Evaluation of spectral phase is therefore important in applications such as profilometry with white light. In spectrally resolved white-light interferometry (SRWLI) the white-light interferogram is spectrally decomposed by a spectrometer in order to determine this phase. Several single-frame techniques in SRWLI have been proposed for the evaluation of the phase including Fourier transform, Hilbert transform, spatial phase shifting, windowed Fourier transform and wavelet transform. In this paper we present a comparative study of these techniques in this application in relation to the temporal phase-shifting technique which is a multi- frame method. Further, we also propose a modified method to remove the influence of source spectrum modulation in Hilbert transform procedure.     

Optically controlled terahertz beam steering and imaging

We propose a spatial modulator for terahertz waves based on light induced electron plasma in photo-active semiconductors. A two-dimensional array of computer controlled light is used to create free carries in bulk silicon, which results in a spatial modulation of the transmission at terahertz frequencies. This method not only exhibits a remarkable modulation depth over a broad frequency range but also allows for an optically controlled beam steering of terahertz waves by inducing virtual grating structures. In addition, we analyze the possibility of all-optically controlled terahertz imaging.     

成像光谱仪同心光学系统的研究

介绍了Offner凸面光栅成像光谱仪和Dyson凹面光栅成像光谱仪两种常用的同心光学系统。Offner凸面光栅成像光谱仪采用全反射的形式,使用光谱范围很宽,加工、装调较为简单,受外界环境影响较小;Dyson凹面光栅成像光谱仪在体积和尺寸上的优势较为明显,易于实现整体结构的小型化。给出了这两种成像光谱仪的具体设计实例,两种光学系统的成像质量均能达到较为理想的结果,其结构畸变均＜0005%,在使用光谱范围内,光谱分辨率均能到达3 nm,具有高质量的光学传递函数。最后,给出了配合成像光谱仪使用的多种前置光学系统的结构形式,并讨论了消除系统杂散光的方法及消除光谱级次重叠的方法。