Recoupled polarization-transfer methods for solid-state (1)H--(13)C heteronuclear correlation in the limit of fast MAS

An in-depth account of the effects of homonuclear couplings and multiple heteronuclear couplings is given for a recently published technique for (1)H--(13)C dipolar correlation in solids under very fast MAS, where the heteronuclear dipolar coupling is recoupled by means of REDOR pi-pulse trains. The method bears similarities to well-known solution-state NMR techniques, which form the framework of a heteronuclear multiple-quantum experiment. The so-called recoupled polarization-transfer (REPT) technique is versatile in that rotor-synchronized (1)H--(13)C shift correlation spectra can be recorded. In addition, weak heteronuclear dipolar coupling constants can be extracted by means of spinning sideband analysis in the indirect dimension of the experiment. These sidebands are generated by rotor encoding of the reconversion Hamiltonian. We present generalized variants of the initially described heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation (HMQC) experiment, which are better suited for certain applications. Using these techniques, measurements on model compounds with (13)C in natural abundance, as well as simulations, confirm the very weak effect of (1)H--(1)H homonuclear couplings on the spectra recorded with spinning frequencies of 25--30 kHz. The effect of remote heteronuclear couplings on the spinning-sideband patterns of CH(n) groups is discussed, and (13)C spectral editing of rigid organic solids is shown to be practicable with these techniques.     

13C-(27)Al TRAPDOR and REDOR experiments for the detection of (13)C-(27)Al dipolar interactions in solids.

We report (13)C-(27)Al double resonance experiments (REDOR and TRAPDOR) on several aluminum organic compounds with the aim of detecting (13)C-(27)Al dipolar couplings and distances in solids. The (13)C and (27)Al pulses are applied to the same probe channel because their resonance frequencies are in close proximity. The different possibilities of controlling the efficiency of the TRAPDOR approach (by varying the (27)Al RF amplitude and the MAS frequency) are investigated. The results indicate that TRAPDOR is superior to REDOR in resolving differences in (13)C-(27)Al distances when choosing the proper experimental conditions. Where known, the crystal structure data are in qualitative agreement with the distance information extracted from our experiments. The experiment should be very valuable in different fields of solid state chemistry, where the interaction of organic and inorganic sample fractions is of fundamental importance.     

Uniform-sign cross-peak double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy

We detail the uniform-sign cross-peak double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy (UC2QF COSY) experiment, a new through-bond correlation method for disordered solids. This experiment is a refocused version of the popular double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy experiment in liquids. Its key feature is that it provides in-phase and doubly absorptive line shapes, which renders it robust for chemical shift correlation in solids. Both theory and experiment point to distinct advantages of this protocol, which are illustrated by several experiments under challenging conditions, including fast magic-angle spinning (30kHz), anisotropic molecular motion, and (13)C correlation spectroscopy at the natural abundance isotope level.     

2D(13)C-(13)C MAS NMR correlation spectroscopy with mixing by true (1)H spin diffusion reveals long-range intermolecular distance restraints in ultra high magnetic field

An improved 2D (13)C-(13)C CP(3) MAS NMR correlation experiment with mixing by true (1)H spin diffusion is presented. With CP(3), correlations can be detected over a much longer range than with direct (1)H-(13)C or (13)C-(13)C dipolar recoupling. The experiment employs a (1)H spin diffusion mixing period tau(m) sandwiched between two cross-polarization periods. An optimized CP(3) sequence for measuring polarization transfer on a length scale between 0.3 and 1.0 nm using short mixing times of 0.1 ms < tau(m) < 1 ms is presented. For such a short tau(m), cross talk from residual transverse magnetization of the donating nuclear species after a CP can be suppressed by extended phase cycling. The utility of the experiment for genuine structure determination is demonstrated using a self-aggregated Chl a/H(2)O sample. The number of intramolecular cross-peaks increases for longer mixing times and this obscures the intermolecular transfer events. Hence, the experiment will be useful for short mixing times only. For a short tau(m) = 0.1 ms, intermolecular correlations are detected between the ends of phytyl tails and ring carbons of neighboring Chl a molecules in the aggregate. In this way the model for the structure, with stacks of Chl a that are arranged back to back with interdigitating phytyl chains stretched between two bilayers, is validated.     

2D—NMR对皂皮酸—3—氧—葡萄糖醛酸^13C,^1H的完全指定—介绍HMBC和HOHAHA

HMBC是一种测定远程偶合~1H—~(13)C相关的十分灵敏的方法,特别适用于检测和甲基质子远程偶合(~2J,~3J)的碳.HOHAHA谱显示出多次Relay信息,选择适当参数可通过一次实验得到独立自旋体系中所有质子相关信息.本文用HMBC和HOHAHA实验结合同核(~1H)COSY和导核(~(13)C-~1H)COSY确认了Qwhaic acid—3—O—glucuronic acid分子中所有~(13)C和~1H的归属.     

阿替烷类型二萜衍生物的NMR研究

从钩腺大戟中分出的八个阿替烷(Atisane)类型的二萜和一个贝壳杉烷(Kaurane)类型的二萜进行¹H-H COSY,¹³C-1 COSY和¹H-¹H NOESY测定,使得它们的¹H NMR和¹³C NMR谱的化学位移值得以归属.通过比较这两类二萜的¹³C NMR谱数据,观察到对于阿替烷类型二萜衍生物中碳20位上的甲基碳的化学位移总在14ppm左右,而贝壳杉烷类二萜,则出现在17ppm左右.这有助于区分现有的这两类二萜的基本骨架.     

3'(,3")-(二)甲酰基(二)苯并冠醚的2D NMR研究

测定了3'(,3")-(二)甲酰基(二)苯并冠醚(1~7)的¹H、¹³C谱,首次结合¹H-¹H COSY、¹³C-¹H COSY、COLOC二维谱对这些化合物的¹H、¹³C化学位移进行了归属。用NOESY谱确定了合成产物冠4、冠5的结构,并对溶液中的构象异构体及其溶剂影响进行了初探。作者以冠1~8的¹H、¹³C谱的归属为参照,提出了正确归属冠醚醚环上次甲基¹H、¹³C化学位移的一般规则。     

应用E.COSY型的13C-1H相关谱准确测定果糖-1,6-二磷酸根离子中异核31P-1H和31P-13C偶合常数

建议了一种E .COSY型的1 3C 1 H相关实验 .在相应的1 3C 1 H相关谱中 ,31 P核对1 3C ,1 H核的被动偶合给出E .COSY型的谱峰裂分 ,可用于准确测定含磷化合物中的31 P 1 H和31 P 1 3C偶合常数及其相对符号 .测定了果糖 1 ,6 二磷酸根离子的31 P 1 H和31 P 1 3C偶合常数     

Pursuing structure in microcrystalline solids with independent molecules in the unit cell using 1H-13C correlation data

The (1)H-(13)C solid-state NMR heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiment is demonstrated to provide shift assignments in certain powders that have two or more structurally independent molecules in the unit cell (i.e. multiple molecules per asymmetric unit). Although this class of solids is often difficult to characterize using other methods, HETCOR provides both the conventional assignment of shifts to molecular positions and associates many resonances with specific molecules in the asymmetric unit. Such assignments facilitate conformational characterization of the individual molecules of the asymmetric unit and the first such characterization solely from solid-state NMR data is described. HETCOR offers advantages in sensitivity over prior methods that assign resonances in the asymmetric unit by (13)C-(13)C correlations and therefore allows shorter average analysis times in natural abundance materials. The (1)H-(13)C analysis is demonstrated first on materials with known shift assignments from INADEQUATE data (santonin and Ca(OAc)(2) phase I) to verify the technique and subsequently is extended to a pair of unknown solids: (+)-catechin and Ca(OAc)(2) phase II. Sufficient sensitivity and resolution is achieved in the spectra to provide assignments to one of the specific molecules of the asymmetric unit at over 54% of the sites.     

双氢埃托啡的二维核磁共振研究

双氢埃托啡(1)为合成的新型高效镇痛药.其~1H和~(13)C NMR谱较为复杂,本文采用二维~1H—~1H COSY—NO ESY和~(13)C—~1H COSY等技术作了研究,确定了其全部~1H和~(13)C谱峰的归属,推断出C—7的构型,并且发现前人对其类似物的一些谱峰指定有误.本结果有助于此类化合物的结构测定和立体化学的研究.     

Resolution of 13C-19F interactions in the 13C NMR of spinning solids and liquid crystals

Anomalous line-broadenings of carbon resonances close to 19F have commonly been reported in the 13C NMR of liquid crystals and solids. We have previously shown that these effects in static liquid-crystal samples are related to the difficulty of 1H decoupling in the presence of strong 1H-19F dipolar interactions. We here extend this work to spinning samples (both liquid crystals and solids). A number of different line-broadening mechanisms are elucidated: analogous decoupling effects, magic angle misset, and 19F lifetime-broadening. In relatively mobile systems, such as liquid crystals or soft solids, the limiting factor on 13C resolution (and the ability to directly quantify the 13C-19F interactions) is found to be the efficiency and robustness of the 1H-decoupling. In rigid solids, the lifetime of the 19F spin-states is found to be an additional critical factor.     

用2D NMR研究异戊烯类取代黄酮化合物的结构

借助2DNMR技术，研究并总结了10个含异戊烯类取代基的黄酮化合物的(13)CNMR谱，着重就取代基与黄酮骨架的连接点进行了探讨，认为C-8位和C-5’位异戊烯类取代基取代将直接影响C-8和C-5’位及周围碳的化学位移值，这一现象可以直接用于该类化合物的结构鉴定     

One- and two-dimensional 13C-1H/15N- 1H dipolar correlation experiments under fast magic-angle spinning for determining the peptide dihedral angle phi

A recently proposed 13C-1H recoupling sequence operative under fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) [K. Takegoshi, T. Terao, Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 13 (1999) 203-212.] is applied to observe 13C-1H and 15N-1H dipolar powder patterns in the IH-15N- 3C- H system of a peptide bond. Both patterns are correlated by 15N-to-13C cross polarization to observe one- or two-dimensional (1D or 2D) correlation spectra, which can be simulated by using a simple analytical expression to determine the H-N-C-H dihedral angle. The 1D and 2D experiments were applied to N-acetyl[1,2-13C,15N] DL-valine, and the peptide q angle was determined with high precision by the 2D experiment to be +/- 155.0 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees. The positive one is in good agreement with the X-ray value of 154 degrees +/- 5 degrees. The 1D experiment provided the value of phi = +/- 156.0 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees.     

Measuring (13)C-(2)D dipolar couplings with a universal REDOR dephasing curve

A (13)C-observe REDOR experiment is described which allows (13)C-(2)D dipolar couplings to be obtained by a universal dipolar dephasing curve. Previous (13)C-observe REDOR experiments on (13)C-(2)D spin pairs generally relied on numerical simulations to obtain the dipolar coupling. The REDOR experiment described in this article is based on a deuterium composite pulse, and the data analysis eliminates the need for numerical simulations and is the same as the traditional REDOR analysis performed on pairs of spin-12 nuclei. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Frequency-selective heteronuclear dephasing and selective carbonyl labeling to deconvolute crowded spectra of membrane proteins by magic angle spinning NMR

We present a new method that combines carbonyl-selective labeling with frequency-selective heteronuclear recoupling to resolve the spectral overlap of magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of membrane proteins in fluid lipid membranes with broad lines and high redundancy in the primary sequence. We implemented this approach in both heteronuclear (15)N-(13)C(α) and homonuclear (13)C-(13)C dipolar assisted rotational resonance (DARR) correlation experiments. We demonstrate its efficacy for the membrane protein phospholamban reconstituted in fluid PC/PE/PA lipid bilayers. The main advantage of this method is to discriminate overlapped (13)C(α) resonances by strategically labeling the preceding residue. This method is highly complementary to (13)C(i-1)(')-(15)N(i)-(13)C(i)(α) and (13)C(i-1)(α)-(15)N(i-1)-(13)C(i)(') experiments to distinguish inter-residue spin systems at a minimal cost to signal-to-noise.     

雷公藤精（Wilforgine）的2D NMR研究

用２Ｄ ＮＭＲ（＾１Ｈ－＾１ＨＣＯＳＹ，＾１Ｈ－＾１３Ｃ ＣＯＳＹ，ＴＯＣＳＹ，ＮＯＥＳＹ和ＣＯＬＯＣ）技术研究了从雷公藤中分离到的雷公藤精，对＾１Ｈ和＾１３Ｃ谱进行了归属。     

3（或）4—取代苯甲亚氨酸酯中取代基效应的^13C—NMR研究

本文测定了三个3(或4)-取代苯甲亚氨酸乙酯(1)和八个N-氰甲基-3(或4)-取代苯甲亚氨酸乙酯(2)的~(13)C-NMR谱。归属了1 和2和各碳化学位移。求得了的取代基化学位移(substituent Chemical Shift,SCS)。碳-13化学位移与单取代苯的取代基化学位移(SCS)的相关分析表明:4-取代苯甲亚氨酸酯1 b～g和2b～e中,除C_(2,6)外,其他各芳碳的化学位移值与加和规则基本相符;3-取代苯甲亚氨酸酯1h～j和2f～h中,除C_1外,其他各芳碳的化学位移值与加和规则基本相符。另外,本文还进行了碳-13化学位移与σ_(I)/σ_(R)~O和F/M的双参数相关分析。     

SPECTRAL SPECIFICITY OF AJUGASTERONE C

筋骨草甾酮Ｃ是分布于植物中的植物甾酮类化合物，具有抗氧化的作用．本文标定了该化合物中所有的碳信号，并通过１３Ｃ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ和１Ｈ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ技术纠正了文献中氢信号归属的错误．     

赤霉酸甲酯及其类似物的2D NMR研究

应用¹H-¹H COSY,NOESY,¹³C-¹H COSY等2DNMR和DEPT技术,完成了赤霉酸甲酯(2),13-O-乙酰基赤霉素甲酯(3)及其3位差向异构体(4)的¹H和¹³CNMR化学位移的全指定,并探讨了它们的相对构型,相关质子间的偶合常数也支持所得结果。     

氨基酸合成方法研究—(XI)N-取代亚氨酸酯与芳醛缩合产物—去氢氨基酸衍生物的构型及其NMR研究

通过~1H NMR、NOE差谱和门控去偶~(13)C NMR等的研究确定了新合成的五对α-去氢氨基酸衍生物的构型,并利用部分弛豫、APT~(13)C NMR二维碳氢相关谱及~(13)C-~(19)F偶合常数等对NMR谱线进行了归属.