铝在阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病及透析病发病中的毒性及减轻铝负荷的药物研究进展

本文综述了近年来铝在阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病及透析脑、骨及血病发病中的毒性及减轻人体铝负荷的药物研究的进展。介绍了该类病的病理学及病源学的研究成果。减轻铝负荷的药物主要涉及了去铁胺、羟基吡啶酮、儿茶酚类、肌醇或其衍生物等铝的螫合剂。讨论了血中铁转移蛋白在铝的存储及传输中的作用。     

阿尔茨海默氏病及其药物治疗研究进展

阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是一种中枢神经系统进行性退变疾病,其病因仍未确定。文章综述了近年来AD的研究以及所出现的AD治疗药物的新进展。     

左旋多巴与帕金森氏病

帕金森氏病是一种典型的中老年疾病。本文介绍了左旋多巴的物化性质和分子的立体结构,概述了帕金森氏病的典型特征以及左旋多巴治疗帕金森氏病的机理和药理。     

帕金森氏病与血清中微量元素关系的研究

以人血清为材料，探讨了帕金森氏病与微量元素的关系。采集了６２例患者血清和３３例健康人血清，用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪进行测定，结果发现，患者组血清锌明显低于对照组、铜、锰低于对照组，还发现患者组轻、中、重分型病人血清铅有明显差异，上述结果提示微量元素可能在帕金森氏病的发生、发展和转归中起着重要的作用。     

帕金森氏病与头发中微量元素关系的研究

以人发为材料，探讨了帕金森氏病与微量元素的关系。采集了６０例患者头发和５０例健康人头发，用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪进行测定，结果发现，患者组头发铜、锌、铁、锰明显低于对照组，患者组轻、中、重分型病人的头发微量元素变化有一定的规律，上述结果提示微量元素与帕金森氏病有重要关系。     

锌与Wilson氏病

用锌剂治疗18例Wilson氏病患者，83％的患者获得满意效果，尤以说话不清、流涎、肢体震颤改善较明显，但血清铜氧化酶无明显改善，Wilson氏病患者的发锌与正常人对照、治疗前后自身对用均无差异，推测高浓度锌可能通过在肠道阻止铜的吸收和促使内源性铜排出面起到治疗作用，但不能根治Wilson氏病，由于锌的毒性小，口服锌剂可作为改善Wilson氏病临床症状的治疗方法之一。     

地方性铝氟病

综述了地方性铝氟病的临床表现和生化特征,骨X线表现,氟与铝的关系,氟、铝与其它元素的关系,骨病理组织学基础,环境及流行病学特征和该病的防治措施与效果。     

纳氏试剂分光光度法测定铝灰渣浸出液中的氨氮含量

随着水土资源环境日益恶化,监测氨氮量对水土的污染程度也备受关注。为了准确测定铝灰渣浸出液中的氨氮量,实验对振荡方法、振荡时间、固液比、试液过滤方式、纳氏试剂加入量以及测定干扰因素进行了研究。确定了以翻转振荡为前处理方式,最佳振荡时间为14 h,固液比为1:10,最佳纳氏试剂加入量为1.0 mL,通过改善过滤方式,降低了空白值。由实验结果可知：在试验范围内,F^-对氨氮量的测定不产生干扰;对于浸出液中Cl^-、Al³⁺和Ca²⁺浓度高的样品,可通过移取稀释液2.00 mL,加入1.0 mL酒石酸钾钠溶液(500 g/L),即可消除其干扰。运用纳氏试剂分光光度法测定铝灰渣浸出液中的氨氮量,得到氨氮标准曲线线性相关系数为0.9998,方法检出限为0.39 mg.L^-1,RSD(n=6)<5%,回收率在94.7%～105%之间。本方法简单快速,精密度高,且具有较低的检出限,适用于大批量铝灰铝渣等固体废物浸出液中氨氮量的测定。     

铝的毒性作用对铁、钙和镁生理功能的影响及相关机理的研究概况

本文综述了近年来铝的毒性作用对铁、钙和镁生理功能的影响及相关机理的研究概况.并讨论了铝在阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzhmers disease, AD),帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease, PD)及透析病中毒性作用机理.引用文献50篇.     

Graves氏病骨髓微量元素的探讨

通过原子吸收光谱技术探讨Gretves氏病人骨髓Zn、Cu、Mn、Se、Cr及Cu／Zu、Cu／Mn、Cu／Se、Cr／Zn、Cr／Mn、Cr／Se的变化，结果表明：患病组骨髓Cu、Cr、Cu／Zn、Cu／Mn，Cu／Se、Cr／Zn、Cr／Se较正常组明显升高，而Zn、Mn，Se明显降低，Cr／Mn两组比较无差异。计算机多因素逐步回归分析结果显示五种元素中Cu与T3关系最密切，六组元素比值中Cu／Se、Cr／Mu与T3关系量密切，Se元素与患者病程长短关系密切。     

铝与人体健康

铝广泛地存在于自然界，由于其具有优良的理化性能，故普遍地用于工业、医药和日常生活中。从铝在体内的吸收、转运、贮存及分布，铝的生理机能，铝的毒性等方面，对铝与人体疾病的关系进行了综述。     

Indirect Voltammetric Determination of Aluminum in Environmental and Biological Samples in the Presence of the Aluminum Chelating Drugs

A simple indirect method using aluminum chelating drugs as electroactive complexation ligands for the voltammetric determination of aluminum in environmental and biological samples on glassy carbon working electrode is studied. In the range of pH 8–9, desferrioxamine (DFO), 1,2‐dimethy‐3‐hydroxypyrid‐4‐one (Hdmp), 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (Hma) and 2,3‐dihydroxypyridine (DHP) yielded good anodic peaks. It was demonstrated that the decrease of the anodic peak current of the drugs was linear with the increase of aluminum concentration. Among them, Hdmp was found the best complexible ligand and chosen for the voltammetric determination of aluminum with EDTA as chelant, which was used for masking most of the interferences. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range for determination of Al by Hdmp was 5×10^?7–3×10^?5 mol L^?1 Al(III), the detection limit was 2×10^?7 mol L^?1, and the relative standard deviation for 3×10^?6 mol L^?1 Al(III) was 2.6% (n=7). The proposed method was applied to the determination of Al in real water samples and biological samples. The Al concentration in serum samples can be measured directly without time‐consuming digestion pretreatment.     

116例冠心病患者血清中钙镁钡铝锶含量的研究

测定１１６例冠心病患者血清中钙，镁，钡，铝和锶的含量并与正常值比较，常量元素钙，镁和微量元素锶降低，而微量元素钡和铝升高，它们之间的差异都有显著或高度显著性。Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１。     

柠檬酸铝溶液中铝的形态研究

采用27Al NMR法、渗析法与原子吸收分光光度法,研究了柠檬酸铝(AlCit)溶液中铝的形态及pH值的影响.结果表明,在AlCit溶液中存在两种形态的Al,一种是分子态AlCit,另一种是胶态Al, pH值增加时,分子态AlCit的量减少而胶态Al的量增加.     

载脂蛋白E与阿尔兹海默病的相关研究进展*

载脂蛋白E（Apolipoprotein E,ApoE ）的等位基因ε4是阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）主要的危险遗传因子，它主要与晚发型以及散发型阿尔兹海默病相关。阿尔兹海默病的两个主要病理学特征均被发现与ApoE 有着极为密切的关系。本文介绍了ApoE在阿尔兹海默病中所起的主要作用的研究进展以及目前国内外关于基于ApoE的阿尔兹海默病相关药物研究。     

Aluminum modulation of proteolytic activities

The effect of aluminum ions on the activity of proteolyic activities, mainly serine proteases and calpains, has been examined. Aluminum affects the biological activity of proteolytic activities either through a direct effect on the enzyme molecule or through a deregulation of the control mechanisms acting on them. Binding of the ion, most likely results in molecular rearrangements affecting both the substrates binding site and the site involved in the recognition of macromolecular inhibitors. As whole, the data reported clearly indicate that aluminum significatively affects the intracellular protein turnover, most likely triggering catastrophic events for the cellular life. The physiopathological significance of these effects has been discussed, in particular for neurological disorders (the Alzheimer's disease included) where an imbalance of proteolytic as well as antiproteolytic systems appears a crucial event both for the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles which are the major hallmarks of the disease.     

Study on the In-situ Synthesis of Aluminum Titanate Sintered by Waste Aluminum Slag

Aluminum titanate was in-situ synthesized by using industrial waste-residue in the aluminum factory and TiO2 as the main raw materials and the influence of different reaction temperatures on the purity and microstructures of synthesized products were mainly discussed. The obtained Al2TiO5 was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and relevant analytical software. The results show that elevating the sintering temperature can increase the content of aluminum titanate; and at 1420 ℃, it reaches the highest in the synthesized ceramic. When the sintering temperature continues to increase, the produced aluminum titanate will decompose resulting in the drop of its content. Therefore, the optimum sintering temperature of in-situ synthesis of aluminum titanate is determined as 1420 ℃, at which the grains of aluminum titanate grow completely, the purity of aluminum titanate is 89.3wt%., the highest density is 2.75 g/cm^3, and the porosity is 9%.     

铝壶煮沸的饮用水中铝的形态分析

用过滤、离子交换和光解氧化分离自来水和经铝壶煮沸的饮用水中铝的形态,以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铝的浓度,采用化学平衡模式计算铝的形态分布。实验结果表明：经铝壶煮沸１ｍｉｎ的饮用水中颗凿态铝量比自来水降低了３．３倍,可交换态、不可交换有机态、不可交换无机态铝量分别２增加了１．４、０．５和１．２８倍,可交换态和不可交换无机态是铝的主要存在形态。随着煮沸时间的增加,可交换态、不可交换有机态、不可交换无机     

异丙醇铝合成中原料铝所含铁杂质与异丙醇反应活性研究

理论上金属铁与异丙醇是不发生化学反应的. 针对异丙醇铝合成反应中, 金属铝原料所含铁杂质与醇生成含铁低沸点有机物这一事实, 研究了体相铁对铝中铁杂质与异丙醇反应的影响, 同时研究了不同含铁量铝片/铁铝合金中铁杂质与异丙醇反应的规律. 反应产物经减压蒸馏后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱方法(ICP-AES)进行铁含量分析. 基于实验结果和理论分析提出了小尺寸铁微粒高反应活性的反应机理. 并对产品采用元素分析, ¹H NMR, IR进行初步表征.