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高温高压的流动溶液内矿物-水反应动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文着重介绍高温高压下开放流动体系内矿物-水反应动力学的最新研究成果。在研究了连续流动体系中方解石-水的反应速度方程后又在稳态操作的化学动力学实验中发现了偶存于其中的非稳态动力学过程。同时用轴向弥散模型和叠层反应器研究了萤石和钠长石反应动力学机理。本文还研究了不同温压、流速、介质和不同的溶液性质对反应速度的影响及控制因素。 相似文献
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设计制作一种新型耐压电化学池并采用循环伏安(CV)和线性扫描伏安(LSV)技术系统研究了碱浓度、氧气压力以及温度对NaOH溶液中氧气还原反应(ORR)的影响.研究结果表明,碱浓度、氧气压力和温度对ORR动力学和热力学都有很大的影响.随着碱浓度增大,ORR过程逐渐由2电子(生成HO2-)转为1电子(生成O2-)反应,并且由于氧气溶解度减小和体系粘度增大ORR过程受到很大抑制.增大压力可以明显增加氧气溶解度,从而从动力学上促进ORR过程;同时计算得到了氧气在不同浓度NaOH溶液中的亨利系数.随着介质温度升高,由于氧气反应活性增强、扩散系数增大和溶解度减小的共同作用,表现出在给定浓度下存在一最佳温度使得ORR峰电流达到最大. 相似文献
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用DSC研究纯三水铝石溶出动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在DSC上研究了NaOH溶液中合成三水铝石的溶出过程动力学。应用非等温反应动力学模型计算了动力学参数,分析和确定了反应机理。模型计算结果与用DSC测得的结果吻合。 相似文献
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对化学浴沉积法制备的CaWO4薄膜进行了动力学研究。采用Avrami-Erofeev方程进行计算,得到反应温度40~80℃和反应溶液pH值为8~12条件下,CaWO4薄膜的动力学方程。结合实验分析各动力学参数的变化,发现反应温度越高,反应速率常数k越大,薄膜趋向于自发形核生长;反应溶液pH值越高,反应速率常数k显著减小,Avrami指数n则几乎不变。结果可见,pH值对反应速率的影响大,而对成核和生长方式影响小。pH值对反应速率的影响主要在于改变了Ca-EDTA螯合体的络合稳定性,进而影响整个反应的进行速度。通过动力学研究可以明确反映反应参数对薄膜生长的影响,体现了薄膜生长过程的本质,有助于达到有效控制反应过程的目的。 相似文献
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设计制作一种新型耐压电化学池并采用循环伏安(CV)和线性扫描伏安(LSV)技术系统研究了碱浓度、氧气压力以及温度对NaOH溶液中氧气还原反应(ORR)的影响. 研究结果表明,碱浓度、氧气压力和温度对ORR动力学和热力学都有很大的影响. 随着碱浓度增大,ORR过程逐渐由2 电子(生成HO2-)转为1 电子(生成O2-)反应,并且由于氧气溶解度减小和体系粘度增大ORR过程受到很大抑制. 增大压力可以明显增加氧气溶解度,从而从动力学上促进ORR过程;同时计算得到了氧气在不同浓度NaOH溶液中的亨利系数. 随着介质温度升高,由于氧气反应活性增强、扩散系数增大和溶解度减小的共同作用,表现出在给定浓度下存在一最佳温度使得ORR峰电流达到最大. 相似文献
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采用带环旋转圆盘电极,研究了铂电极在不同浓度NaOH与NaOH-NaCl混合溶液中的氧阴极还原,发现C_(OH)~-及C(?)~-均影响液相中间产物进一步反应的动力学.观察到的差别一部份可用高pH溶液中H_2O_2的离解来解释,同时阴、阳离子特性吸附的影响也不容忽视.OH~-对H_2O_2的阴极还原有明显抑阻,而Cl~-则能部分减弱这一效应.在含有NaOH的溶液中均观察到I_DN/I_(R-ω~(-1/2))在高转速区与直线偏离,我们试用中间产物的覆盖度以定性地解释这种现象. 相似文献
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Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Aluminiumaquoxid. II. Böhmit aus Natriumaluminat und Salpetersäure
Preparation and Properties of Aluminium Hydroxide. II. Boehmite from Sodium Aluminate and Nitric Acid A report is given on the physical-chemical characteristics of aluminium hydroxide which contain mainly boehmite, having been obtained by continuous precipitation from sodium aluminate solution with nitric acid using technical raw materials and conditions being very similar to those applied in production. The influence of the reaction conditions (pH value, temperature, concentration and residence time in the precipitation suspension) on the chemical composition, structure and texture of the hydrogels is studied. With rising precipitation temperature the pH range extends, within which already after short residence times pure-phase, relatively well crystalline boehmite hydrogels are obtained in the precipitated solution. 相似文献
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Preparation and Properties of Formed Aluminium Oxide. I. Influence of the Precipitation Conditions of the Boehmite Hydrogel on the Pore Structure of Formed Aluminium Oxide A report is given on the influence of the precipitation conditions of boehmite (pH value, temperature, concentration and residence time in the precipitation suspension) on the cavity structure of aluminium oxide spheres, made by coagulation of boehmite hydrosol in ammonia liquor and subsequent thermal treatment at 110 and 600°C. The boehmite hydrogel was obtained at continuous precipitation conditions by neutralisation of sodium aluminate solution with nitric acid. It is shown that the difference in the pore structure of the formed aluminium oxide obtained by varying the precipitation conditions were caused by the special morphological features of the boehmite crystallization in the precipitation process. 相似文献
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从NaOH试剂浓度、反应温度与反应时间三个方面,对钡离子沉淀法提取不同温度段收集的生物油馏分中的酚类物质进行了实验研究,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对提取效果进行了分析。实验结果表明,钡离子沉淀法对愈创木酚类物质的提取效果较为突出,且NaOH浓度(1.0-6.0mol/L)、反应温度(30-50℃)与反应时间(10-40min)对愈创木酚的提取率影响较大。在NaOH浓度为5.5mol/L、反应温度为35℃、反应时间为20min时,提取率达到最大,其中,三个温度段收集的生物油即低温水相馏分、低温油相馏分与高温馏分中的愈创木酚提取率分别为34.1%、33.8%和33.5%。 相似文献
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Role of base in the formation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using sodium acrylate as a dual reducing and encapsulating agent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nishimura S Mott D Takagaki A Maenosono S Ebitani K 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(20):9335-9343
The formation mechanism of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with a wet-chemical reduction method using sodium acrylate as a dual reducing and capping agent was investigated with various analytical techniques. The time course of the state of the reaction solution was investigated using UV-vis and XAFS spectroscopies which showed that the NP formation rate increased with increasing concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The detailed kinetic analyses reveal that both the reduction rate of Ag ions and the nucleation rate of Ag NPs are dramatically increased with increasing NaOH concentration. XANES analyses imply that another reaction pathway via alternative Ag(+) species, such as Ag(OH)(x), was developed in the presence of NaOH. Consequently, NaOH is found to play an important role not only in creating specific intermediates in the reduction of Ag(+) to Ag(0), but also in accelerating the reduction and nucleation rates by enhancing the oxidation of sodium acrylate, thereby increasing the rate of formation of the Ag NPs. 相似文献
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The dehydrobromination reaction 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl bromide + OH? was investigated in several alkanediyl-α-ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) bromide, 12-s-12,2Br? (with s = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12) micellar solutions, in the presence of NaOH 5 × 10?3 M. The kinetic data were quantitatively rationalized within the whole surfactant concentration range by using an equation based on the pseudophase ion-exchange model and taking the variations in the micellar ionization degree caused by the morphological transitions into account. The agreement between the theoretical and the experimental data was good in all the dimeric micellar media studied, except for the 12-2-12,2Br? micellar solutions. In this case, the strong tendency to micellar growth shown by the 12-2-12,2Br? micelles could be responsible for the lack of accordance. Results showed that the dimeric micelles accelerate the reaction more than two orders of magnitude as compared to water. 相似文献
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Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Aluminiumaquoxid. I. Böhmit aus Aluminiumnitrat und Ammoniakwasser
J. Hille U. Bollmann W. Weinhold K. Becker H. Bremer F. Vogt H.-D. Berrouschot 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》1989,579(1):211-220
Preparation and Properties of Aluminium Hydroxide. I. Boehmite from Aluminium Nitrate and Ammonia The physical-chemical properties of mainly boehmite containing aluminium hydroxide are studied which were made by continuous precipitation from aluminium nitrate solution with ammonia liquor using technical raw materials and test conditions being very similar to those applied in production. The influence of the precipitation conditions (pH value, temperature, concentration and residence time in the precipitation solution) on the composition, structure and texture of the precipitation products is investigated and information about their effect on the filtration behaviour are given. In the case of a continuous precipitation it is possible to obtain phase-pure boehmite being relatively well crystallised. The crystallinity and dispersity of the precipitated hydroxide determine their filterability and the cavity structure. 相似文献
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黏胶废液对福建无烟煤水蒸气催化气化的动力学和补偿效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用黏胶废液为催化剂,对福建尤溪无烟粉煤在常压热分析仪中的水蒸气催化气化动力学进行了研究。在850℃~950℃测定了黏胶废液催化剂添加量(NaOH浓度为计算基准)从0~12%时的碳转化率随气化时间的变化,表明黏胶废液具有提高碳转化率和气化速率的作用,同时确定了该黏胶废液催化剂的加载饱和浓度。基此得出的尤溪无烟粉煤水蒸气催化气化反应动力学符合缩芯模型,并给出相应的动力学参数。进而分析表明,该催化气化过程存在明显的补偿效应,最后给出黏胶废液对尤溪无烟粉煤水蒸气催化气化包括补偿效应的动力学方程。 相似文献
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以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为单体,在水与丙酮混合溶剂中通过沉淀聚合一步法制备了富含胺基的聚脲多孔材料(PPU),通过扫描电镜和压汞法对其表面形貌和孔结构进行了表征.PPU经戊二醛(GA)活化后用于荧光假单胞菌脂肪酶(PFL)的固定,考察了GA活化过程中GA浓度对酶固定量及固定酶活性的影响.结果表明,PPU是一种粒子尺寸分布在30~50μm范围的形状不规则的多孔粒子,孔径在2 nm~100μm之间呈连续分布.在pH=8.0的缓冲溶液中用0.17 mol/L的GA对PPU进行改性,将改性后的PPU用于PFL的固定,当酶溶液浓度为2.56 mg/m L时,得到酶的最大固定量为95.2 mg/g,固定酶的活性为375 U/mg,相对活性为76%.将此固定酶作为催化剂,用于1-苯乙醇外消旋化合物的手性拆分,并与游离酶催化的结果相比较.结果表明,固定酶的反应活性和立体选择性都明显优于游离酶.通过沉淀聚合制备的聚脲多孔材料在酶固定及手性分子拆分方面具有应用前景. 相似文献