Sb2O3催化二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸苯酯无溶剂热分解制备二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯

研究了无溶剂条件下Sb2O3催化二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸苯酯(MDPC)热分解制备二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),考察了Sb2O3的制备条件与反应条件对MDPC热分解反应性能的影响.结果表明,立方相Sb2O3于400℃焙烧3 h,催化性能最好;适宜的反应条件为立方相Sb2O3用量为原料总重的1.0%,于220℃、0.67 kPa,反应12 min,此时MDPC转化率达到99.3%,MDI选择性84.4%.     

氧化锌催化二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯分解反应

 对氧化锌催化二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)分解制二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)反应进行了研究,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量以及原料浓度等对反应的影响. 结果表明,适宜的反应条件为催化剂用量2.1%, MDC浓度3.5%, 反应温度260 ℃, 反应时间20～30 min, 此时MDC转化率为99.5%, MDI产率为40.0%, 碳化二亚胺改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(C-MDI)的产率为49.7%. 进一步研究发现,15%的醋酸锌溶液经草酸铵沉淀(不陈化)后,在500 ℃下焙烧4 h得到六方相的氧化锌,晶体的平均粒径为100～200 nm, 以其为催化剂时MDC转化率为99.1%, MDI的产率为52.1%, 同时还得到27.7%的 C-MDI.     

4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷与苯乙炔的共聚及共聚物的表征研究

 本文做了4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷的本体热均聚和催化均聚,并用(Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂为催化剂做了4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷与苯乙炔的共聚,对均聚和共聚物中的不溶不熔组分测定了密度、溶胀度、Huggins参数以及交联点间的平均分子量M_c。实验表明,该交联聚合物的最良溶剂是四氢呋喃,溶度参数为9.9ca1^0.5。cm^-1.5,当用四氢呋喃为溶剂时的Huggins参数为0.34,并且在单体摩尔比中4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷用量越多,溶胀度越小,交联度越大。红外光谱分析表明,所有均聚及共聚物都为反式结构。     

一步催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯

研究了以H4SiW12O40-ZrO2/SiO2为催化剂,碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、苯胺和甲醛溶液为原料,一步催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)的反应,考察了反应时间、反应温度和H4SiW12O40负载量等反应条件对催化性能的影响.适宜的反应条件是:DMC/苯胺/甲醛摩尔比为20/1/0.05,H4SiW12O40负载量为10%,443 K下反应7 h后降温到373 K下反应4.5 h.在此优化条件下,MDC的收率为24.9%.     

二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯热分解制备二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的表观动力学研究

在癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯溶剂中研究了二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)的分解反应机理,建立了二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯的分解反应动力学模型。通过实验测定,并对不同温度下体系中各物质的浓度数据进行线性拟合得到反应速率方程。结果表明：MDC的热分解分为两个步骤,均为一级反应。两步反应的活化能分别为：138.82kJ/mol,167.78kJ/mol;指前因子分别为：1.51×1012min-1,5.33×1014min-1。     

Co-MCM-41催化氧化二苯甲烷制备二苯甲酮的反应条件

系统地研究了Co掺杂MCM-41用于液相催化氧化二苯甲烷的反应,并探讨了不同溶剂及溶剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量等对二苯甲烷氧化反应的影响;并得出较优的反应条件:m(二苯甲烷)∶m(催化剂)=10∶1;V(二苯甲烷)∶V(冰醋酸)=1∶10;温度为100℃,时间为10 h,二苯甲烷的转化率21%,二苯甲酮的选择性95.8%。     

4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的高效液相色谱分析

用甲醇做衍牛试剂,把4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)衍生成4,4'-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC),通过高效液相色谱分析MDC的含量来计算MDI的含量.该方法可以将MDI与合成反应中其他化合物完全分离.在测定浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法简单快速,精密度与准确度高.方法既保护了MDI中活泼的异氰酸根,也不需使用运输和储存困难的MDI标准品,能很好地用于化学合成中该产物的分析.     

超临界CO2中合成4,4′-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸乙酯

二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)是生产聚氨酯的重要原料之一,广泛应用于金属粘结剂、玻璃纤维、彩色涂料、聚氨酯弹性体纤维和各种合成革等领域.全世界对MDI的需求以每年8%的速度增长,我国对MDI的需求量已仅次于美国居第二位,并仍将以两位数持续高速增长,市场潜力巨大.目前,工业上生产MDI的工艺主要为液相光气法.     

大气压旋转螺旋状电极辉光放电等离子体催化甲烷偶联

采用新研制的具有旋转螺旋状电极的大气压辉光放电等离子体反应器催化甲烷偶联制碳二烃. 实验采用铜电极和不锈钢电极分别考察了输入电场峰值电压和甲烷、氢气进料流量等参数对甲烷转化率和碳二烃收率、选择性的影响. 在长时间连续反应无明显积碳的情况下, 最佳试验结果是电极材料为金属铜, 进料流量为60 mL•min^-1, V(CH₄ )/V(H₂)=1的条件下, 输入电场峰值电压为2.3 kV时, 甲烷转化率为70.64%, 碳二烃单程收率及其选择性分别为69.85%和 99.14%.     

新型反相微乳液制备纳米结构甲烷催化燃烧催化剂La0.95Ba0.05MnAl11O19-α的研究

提出一种由水, 异丙醇, 正丁醇组成的新型微乳液, 并以其为反应介质制备了甲烷高温燃烧La_0.95Ba_0.05MnAl₁₁O_19-a催化剂. 采用¹H NMR, FT-IR, 电导法及激光粒度散射法研究了新型微乳液中水的结构及相特性. 新型微乳液中水的体积分数小于一定值时, 电导率与水含量成非线性关系, k～φ曲线上存在一临界值(φ^P＝0.15). 水质子的化学位移随水含量的降低移向高场. 加入4% D₂O测定的O—D键的伸缩振动随水含量增加而向高波数方向移动. 异丙醇铝在新型微乳液中水解形成的Al(OH)₃ 胶体粒子的粒径范围为226～329 nm. 采用新型微乳液作为反应介质制备的Ba_0.05La_0.95MnAl₁₁O_19-α催化剂的粒径在30 nm, 明显小于纯水制备的样品(100 nm). BET 比表面积为65 m²/g, 比纯水制备样品高出约一倍. XRD结果显示, 1200 ℃焙烧10 h即可获得含单一β-Al₂O₃相的催化剂. Ba_0.05La_0.95MnAl₁₁O_19-α催化剂甲烷催化燃烧的T₁₀为420 ℃, 比纯水制备样品下降了90 ℃. 甲烷催化燃烧活性提高是由于含有较多Mnⁿ⁺纳米结构六铝酸盐的形成.     

Influences of evolved gases on the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate hydroxide evaluated by controlled rate evolved gas analysis coupled With TG

The influences of atmospheric CO₂ and H₂O on the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate hydroxide, Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆, were investigated by means of controlled rate evolved gas analysis (CREGA) coupled with TG. Although CO₂ and H₂O were evolved simultaneously in a single mass-loss step of the thermal decomposition, different effects of those evolved gases on the kinetic rate behavior were observed. No distinguished effect of atmospheric CO₂ was detected within the possible range of self-generated CO₂ concentration. On the other hand, apparent acceleration effect by the increase in the concentration of atmospheric H₂O was observed as the reduction of reaction temperature during the course of constant rate thermal decomposition. The catalytic effect was characterized by the decrease in the apparent activation energy for the established reaction with increasing the concentration of atmospheric H₂O, accompanied by the partially compensating decrease in the pre-exponential factor.     

Investigations of the interaction between cuprous oxide nanoparticles and Staphylococcus aureus

In this study, cuprous oxide nanoparticles of 30–50 nm in size were prepared in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). By taking Staphylococcus aureus (S.a), which always causes a variety of suppurative infections and toxinoses in humans, as a model bioparticle, the negative bioeffect of nano-Cu₂O on S.a cells was evaluated, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by imitating the MIC of antibiotics. Cellularity and bactericidal effect were measured by flow cytometry (FCM), dark field light scattering imaging and SEM photography. The results showed that nano-Cu₂O particles may, by absorbing on the cell surface, impair the cell wall, damage the cell membrane, and finally increase permeability of the cell membrane, thus leading to a decrease in the viability of bacteria in the nano-Cu₂O solution. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30570465 & 20425517)     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHTHALAZINONE POLY(ARYL ETHER SULFONE KETONE)WITH CARBONYL GROUP*

A kind of novel heat-resistant, high performance engineering thermoplastic phthalazinone poly(aryl ether sulfoneketone) (PPESK) containing a carboxyl group in its side chain was prepared by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of 4-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone with di(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, 4,4'-difluoro-benzophenone and phenolphthalin insulfolane in the presence of K_2CO_3 to produce high molecular weight polymers which can be dissolved in some polarsolvents such as chloroform and nitrobenzene at room temperature and can be easily can into flexible, yellowish andtransparent films. PPESK is an amorphous polymer having a decomposition temperature above 400℃, which indicates that ithas high thermal stability. At the same time, the thermal properties of PPESKs with dicyandiamide (DICY) as curing agentindicated that the heat-resistance properties of the PPESKs are improved after curing. The apparent activation energy (ΔE) ofthe cross-linking reaction and the reaction order (n) of PPESK/DICY were found to be 52.2 kJ/mol and ca. 1.0, respectively.Therefore, the cross-linking reaction is approximately a first order reaction.     

Catalyseurs Zieger-Natta supportés sur MgCl2 pour la polymérisation stéréorégulée du propène. II. Système catalytique simple: Solide binaire MgCl2-TiCl4 et solution cocatalytique triéthylaluminium,benzoate d'ethyle

The kinetics of propene polymerization in heptane slurry at 1–4 bars was studied with a catalytic system that consisted of a solid catalyst prepared by adsorption of TiCI₄ on pure porous MgCl₂ (by dehydrating MgCl₂, 6 H₂O with thionyl chloride) and a cocatalytic, heptanic solution of ethylbenzoate (BE) and triethylaluminium (TEA). At a temperature approaching 60°C/polymerization began immediately after the introduction of the monomer. The polymerization rate decreased continuously during the reaction. The loss in activity, however, was not due to a diffusional effect (e.g., blocking of the catalyst by the growing polymer). Studies of the ageing of the catalytic system showed a deactivation of the catalytic system itself as a function of the time of contact between the catalyst and the cocatalyst. The product of the thermal decomposition of the complex 1:2 formed by the reaction of BE with TEA was not associated with the deactivation process or stereospecific control, which depend on the BE/AI ratio and the presence of the complex.     

镁铝混合氧化物负载镍催化剂的制备及在液化石油气低温重整反应中的催化性能

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了不同Ni 含量的 Ni/Mg(Al)O 催化剂并用于液化石油气(LPG)的低温水蒸气重整反应. X 射线衍射和程序升温还原结果表明, 在 800 ℃焙烧的 Ni/Mg(Al)O 催化剂中, NiO 与 MgO 反应生成 Mg-Ni-O 固溶体, 还原后形成金属 Ni 纳米颗粒. 详细研究了 Ni 含量(质量分数)、反应温度和水/碳摩尔比(n_H2O/n_C) 等对催化剂性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 15%Ni/Mg(Al)O 催化剂对 LPG 低温重整反应具有最佳的催化性能. 提高反应温度能显著提高 Ni/Mg(Al)O 催化剂的催化性能. 当n_H2O/n_C=2时, 在400~500 ℃的温度范围使LPG完全转化的最大反应空速从 28900 mL·h^-1·g^-1Cat提高到 86800 mL·h^-1·g^-1Cat. 适当增大水/碳摩尔比有利于 LPG 转化为小分子气体, 但在 LPG 摩尔流量不变的情况下, 反应气中水含量过高会导致 LPG 转化率降低. 反应后催化剂的X射线衍射谱(XRD)和热重分析(TG)结果表明, Ni/Mg(Al)O催化剂优良的催化活性和反应稳定性可归因于催化剂表面Ni晶粒较高的稳定性和抗积炭性能.     

Chemical structure and glass transition temperature of non-ionic cellulose ethers

New zinc(II) propionate complexes (CH₃CH₂COO)₂Zn·Ln·xH₂O, where n=1-2, x=0 or 2, were prepared by reaction of zinc(II) propionate with heterocyclic ligands (L=theophylline, nicotinamide, methyl-3-pyridyl carbamate) and their thermal properties were studied. The prepared complex compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. TG/DTG and DTA measurements of the prepared compounds were performed in the air atmosphere under dynamic conditions. The thermal decomposition can be characterized as a multi-step process. The first step is attributed to the elimination of water or N-donor ligand molecules. It is followed by the decomposition of propionate anion when diethyl ketone and carbon dioxide were released. Zinc oxide was found as a final product of the thermal decomposition of the complex compounds under study. The volatile intermediate products of the thermal decomposition of zinc(II) propionate complexes were identified by IR-spectroscopy, qualitative chemical analyses and final solid product by X-ray powder diffraction method. Moreover, IR spectra suggest monodentate coordination of propionate anion to zinc. The complexes were tested against bacteria and filamentous fungi and show both antimicrobial activity and fungistatic effect towards pathogens as well as probiotic activity towards Lactobacillus paracasei.     

金属有机骨架材料MIL-53(Al)负载钴催化剂的CO催化氧化反应性能

采用溶剂法合成了热稳定性高的金属有机骨架材料MIL-53(Al)(MIL:Materials of Institut Lavoisier),用此材料为载体负载钴催化剂用于CO的催化氧化反应,并与Al2O3负载的钴催化剂进行了对比.采用热重-差热扫描量热(TG-DSC)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等方法对催化剂的结构性质进行了表征.TG和N2物理吸附-脱附结果表明,载体MIL-53(Al)有好的稳定性和高的比表面积;XRD以及TEM结果表明Co/MIL-53(Al)上负载的Co3O4颗粒粒径(平均约为5.03 nm)明显小于Al2O3上Co3O4颗粒粒径(平均约为7.83 nm).MIL-53(Al)的三维多孔结构中分布均匀的位点能很好地分散固定Co3O4颗粒,高度分散的Co3O4颗粒有利于CO的催化氧化反应.H2-TPR实验发现Co/MIL(Al)催化剂的还原温度低于Co/Al2O3催化剂的还原温度,低的还原温度表现为高的催化氧化活性.CO催化氧化结果表明,MIL-53(Al)负载钴催化剂的催化活性明显高于Al2O3负载钴催化剂,MIL-53(Al)负载钴催化剂在160°C时使CO氧化的转化率达到98%,到180°C时CO则完全转化,催化剂的结构在催化反应过程中保持稳定.     

Effects of preparation and operation conditions on precipitated iron nickel catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Iron nickel oxide catalysts were prepared using co-precipitation procedure and studied for the conversion of synthesis gas to light olefins. In particular, the effects of a range of preparation variables such as [Fe]/[Ni] molar ratios of the precipitation solution, precipitate aging times, calcination conditions, different supports and loading of optimum support on the structure of catalysts and their catalytic performance for the tested reaction were investigated. It was found that the catalyst containing 40%Fe/60%Ni/40wt%Al2O3, which was aged for 180 min and calcined at 600 ℃ for 6 h was the optimum modified catalyst. The catalytic performance of optimal catalyst has been studied in different operation conditions such as reaction temperatures, H2/CO molar feed ratios and reaction total pressure. Characterization of both precursors and calcined catalysts was carried out by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, thermal analysis methods such as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Effect of atmosphericwater vapor on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate hydroxide

The effect of atmospheric water vapor on the kinetic rate behavior of the thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate hydroxide, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, was investigated by means of TG-DTA coupled with a programmable humidity controller. With increasing water vapor pressure p(H₂O) from 0.8 to 10.6 kPa, a systematic reduction of the reaction temperature of the thermal decomposition was observed as the continuous trend from the previous works at the lower p(H₂O). Through a comparative kinetic analysis of the reaction at different p(H₂O), a catalytic action of the atmospheric water vapor on the nucleation process at the first half of the reaction was identified as the possible origin of the reduction of the reaction temperature.     

Reducing the formation of six-membered ring ester during thermal degradation of biodegradable PHBV to enhance its thermal stability

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) has attracted the attention of academia and industry because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and plastic-like properties. However, PHBV is unstable above 160 °C during melt processing at a temperature above the melting temperature, which restricts practical applications as a commodity material. It is widely believed that thermal degradation of PHBV occurs almost exclusively via a random chain scission mechanism involving a six-membered ring transition state. Here, 2,2′-bis(2-oxazoline) (BOX) was selected to modify PHBV to control the formation of six-membered ring ester during thermal degradation. The resulting hydroxyl-terminated PHBVs (HT-PHBVs) had improved thermal stability due to a decrease in the negative inductive effect of the neighboring group of methylene groups at the β-position to the ester oxygen, and a decrease in the electron-denoting effect of substituent group of carbon atoms at α-position to the ester oxygen. The optimal reaction temperature and time were determined to be 95 °C and 6 h, respectively. Compared with those of original PHBV, the temperature determined at 5% weight loss (T_5%), the initial decomposition temperature (T₀), the maximum decomposition temperature (T_max), the complete decomposition temperature (T_f) of HT-PHBV prepared under the optimal conditions increased by 31, 24, 19 and 19.1 °C, respectively.