稀疏矩阵向量乘的自动调优

分析稀疏矩阵向量乘(SpMV)程序优化的难点,介绍两个自动调优的代表性工作：基于预实现模板的SMAT和从头设计程序的AlphaSparse。详细介绍了它们的设计思路、实现细节、测试结果以及各自的优缺点。最后,对SpMV自动调优的发展趋势进行了分析和预测。     

多层膜优化设计方法

传统多层膜设计所用的全局寻优法的速度非常慢，有时还很难得到理想的膜系。根据Frensnel反射系数公式计算多层膜的反射率，利用单纯形法对软X射线和X射线波段多层膜进行调优，可在短时间内优化出最接近目标光学性能的多层膜膜系结构。计算了不同波长软X射线周期性多层膜的最高理论反射率。单纯形调优算法在保证优化结果与随机搜索法优化结果近似相同的基础上，使优化计算速度提高了十倍以上。同时还用单纯形调优法优化设计了X射线超反射镜，得到了非常理想的非周期膜系。     

光学系统辅助装调技术研究

光学系统装调技术是高功率激光工程中的关键支撑技术之一。对光学系统装调中影响系统光束质量的误差来源进行了分析,并根据像差的装调方式进行了分类。对这两类像差的辅助装调方式进行了比较和仿真模拟。针对第一类像差,在装调模型中代入失调系统检测得到干涉图,利用计算机辅助装调模型计算出失调量的大小和方向,确定出系统的装调方案。仿真结果显示,对系统调整工作有较好指导作用。针对第二类像差,利用元件加工面形之间波像差的互补性,优化调整光学元件的装校姿态。仿真结果显示,系统的光束质量口由预期的4．916优化为1．187,提高了多元件光学系统的光束质量。     

微电流放大器在物理实验中的应用

为用集成运算放大器LM324制作的微电流放大器电路图．集成运算放大器是一种高电压增益、高输入电阻和低输出电阻的多级直接耦合放大电路，它不仅能够放大交流信号，而且能够放大缓慢变化的信号或直流信号．图1中ICI(1／4LM324)为信号放大部分，采用差动输入，外部输出调零．     

中专物理(上册)测试样卷

一、填空题(每题2分,计32分) 请将正确答案填入加有下划线的空白位置.只要求写出结果,不写运算过程. 1.如图1所示,物体质量为优,人的质量为M(M>研),忽略滑轮和绳子的质量及摩擦,人以大小为F的力向下拉绳子(F<优g),重物对面板的压力大小为 . 2.质量为研的物体,静止在倾角为目的斜面上,如图2所示,物体对斜面的压力大小为 ,物体受到的摩擦力的大小为 . 3.一辆汽车原来的速度是36km/h,现在以0.25m/s。的加速度匀加速行驶,则40s末的速度为 .图 8图 2图 3 4.画出如图3所示的静止在斜面上物体的受力图. 5.光滑斜面高3m,斜面长5m,一物块沿斜面下滑…     

角锥棱镜腔激光二极管抽运被动调Q激光器

为了提高传导冷却条件下激光二极管(LD)侧向抽运被动调Q激光器的光束质量和输出稳定性,采用了两组半圆柱面激光二极管阵列侧向交错抽运两根串接的激光棒,实现了均匀抽运和散热。通过实验分析了横模结构对被动调Q稳定性的影响,设计了角锥棱镜-高斯输出镜非稳腔,在显著提高器件光束质量的同时,明显改善了被动调Q的稳定性,并保证了谐振腔的机械稳定性。在此基础上研制了一台重复频率20 Hz、单脉冲能量64 mJ、脉冲宽度7 ns、稳定性优于±5%、光束发散角0.6 mrad、光-光效率9.1%,且光轴指向稳定的工程实用器件。     

用于相位展开的调制度-罗伯特梯度幅值方差质量图

为了减少相位展开过程中噪音的影响并获得正确的相位展开结果,提出了一种新型的质量图。首先分析了传统的相位导数方差质量图和基于调制度信息质量图的缺陷。然后基于各向同性的梯度幅值,融合图像锐化方法和调制度信息,构造出一种新型的"调制度-罗伯特梯度幅值方差"质量图。最后通过计算机模拟图和模型实例图的相位展开,将提出的质量图与传统的相位导数方差和基于调制度信息的质量图进行了对比。实验结果表明,新的质量图更加可靠,有效地弥补了相位导数方差等传统质量图的部分缺陷。     

基于CGH多镜定姿定态的离轴光学系统装调方法

针对离轴光学系统装调过程中自由度高且互相耦合的问题,提出一种新的离轴自由曲面反射式光学系统装调方法,采用计算全息图（CGH）实现多镜共基准定姿定态,解耦合系统各镜片的装调自由度,显著降低系统装调复杂度;分析CGH用于定姿定态时的定位精度,提高系统装调精度和效率,适应不同构型的离轴光学系统。利用上述方法,完成口径为210 mm、视场为2°×2°的近红外长波红外双波段离轴反射式光学系统装调,全视场波像差RMS小于0.126λ（λ=632.8 nm）,达到设计预期,装配周期短,成像质量优良。     

基于主根横断面近红外光谱的西洋参和人参鉴别研究

为了快速准确进行西洋参和人参的品种鉴别,从主根横断面入手,采集其横断面的近红外光谱,分别从物理结构因素和化学因素方面对光谱进行了分析,选定特定波段进行物理因素主导建模、化学因素主导建模、理化因素综合建模,并对三种建模结果进行比较分析,发现三种模型判别率都在96%以上,都能很好的满足批量原材料快速检测的需求。物理因素模型运算简单,但判别率相对低。化学因素判别率较高,但运算量大。理化因素综合模型判别率最高为100%,无需预处理,运算量小,效果最理想,该结果说明近红外定性判别中物理结构因素有时也发挥重要作用。横断面鉴别法准确、便捷,可实际应用于企业原料药材的质量控制,实现对原料药材的快速筛查。     

X射线探测器图像的恢复研究

图像退化是引起X射线探测器图像质量下降的主要原因。图像恢复,可以提高系统的分辨率和对比度灵敏度。通过对射线成像系统图像退化的分析,介绍了反滤波信号恢复方法,并提出了一种近似恢复算法,该算法将反滤波恢复近似为除法运算的恢复。给出了恢复前后的图像及标准差的对比,实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

Cost Optimized Non-Contacting Experimental Modal Analysis Using a Smartphone

The vibrations behavior analysis is an essential step in the mechanical design process. Several methods such as analytical modelling, numerical analysis and experimental measurements can be used for this purpose. However, the numerical or analytical models should be validated through experimental measurements, usually expensive. This paper introduces an inexpensive smartphone as an accurate, non-intrusive vibrations’ behavior measurement device. An experimental measurement procedure based on the video processing method is presented. This procedure allows the measurement of the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of a vibrating structure, simply by using a smartphone built-in camera. The experimental results are compared to those obtained using an accurate analytical model, where the natural frequencies error is less than 2.7% and the modal assurance criterion is higher than 0.89. In order to highlight the obtained results, a comparison has been done using a high quality and high frame per second (fps) camera-based measurement of material properties. Since the highest recovered natural frequency and its associated mode shape depend on the frame per second rate of the recorded video, this procedure has great potential in low frequencies problems such as for big structures like buildings and bridges. This validated technique re-introduces the personal smartphone as an accurate inexpensive non-contacting vibration measurement tool.     

Sound insulation provided by single and double panel walls—a comparison of analytical solutions versus experimental results

The predicted values for acoustic insulation of single and double panel walls, using analytical models previously developed by the authors, are compared with experimental findings. The analytical method used fully takes into account the coupling between the air and the solid panels, and there is no restriction on their thickness, as the Kirchhoff or Mindlin approaches require. The laboratory experiments involved placing test specimens between standard chambers. Results are presented for panels made of glass, concrete and steel. From the results we can conclude that the predictive analytical solutions are in good agreement with the experimental results, except when the area of the panels is very small and the frequencies are very low. At low frequencies, the experimental results appear to be significantly affected by the resonance effects associated with the creation of stationary waves within the acoustic chambers, and the vibration modes introduced into the dynamic system by the restriction on the movement of the panel along its boundary.     

研究生实验操作问题分析及对策探讨

分析了研究生实验操作方面存在的共性问题,探讨了解决策略与途径.通过教学改革实践发现,组织实施大型仪器培训、引导学生参与实验准备工作、改革实验教学模式,有助于提高研究生实验操作技能,对于增强研究生科研素养、提升研究生教育质量具有积极意义.     

Prediction of airborne sound and impact sound insulation provided by single and multilayer systems using analytical expressions

In this work, the authors use analytical solutions to assess the airborne sound and impact insulation provided by homogeneous partitions that are infinite along their plane. The algorithm uses Green’s functions, derived on the basis of previous work by the authors on the prediction of airborne sound insulation provided by single and double panels. The model is now extended to handle multilayer systems, allowing the simulation of three-dimensional loads applied in both the acoustic and solid media.The model is validated against experimental results and compared with simplified expressions for single, double and triple panels. The results provided by the analytical model were found to provide a good agreement with the experimental results, except in the vicinity of the coincidence effect in the presence of thicker panels.The applicability of the proposed tool is then illustrated by analyzing the acoustic behavior provided by single layers and by a suspended ceiling. Different variables are studied, such as the mass, the stiffness of the layers, the position and direction of the load within the elastic medium and the presence of porous material in the fluid layers. It was found that the model is able to simulate the acoustic phenomena involved in single and multilayer systems.     

Laser transmission welding of composites – Part B: Experimental validation of numerical model

In this paper, experimental measurements are performed to confirm the global analytical model (refraction and absorption phenomena) presented in the previous work. Initially, an experimental approach to the estimation of the laser beam spread in a semi-transparent composite and at interface (width of the output beam) subjected to an incident heat flux, was presented. This parameter represents a fundamental input data for the global analytical model (refraction and absorption) during the numerical simulation of transmission infrared welding. Then, an experimental setup for the temperature measurement is performed using infrared camera, during infrared transmission welding of materials joints to validate the welding simulation results (a transient numerical model, based both on conduction and radiation mode heat transfer) with the developed analytical model. The commercial FEM software COMSOL Multiphysics® is used to compute temperature distribution by implementing a radiative source term. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental data. The agreement between simulations and experiments is fair, which gives confidence to use the developed model with acceptable accuracy.     

HL-2M 实验网络与数据管理系统的设计与实现

HL-2M 网络与数据管理包含了实验网络系统、数据存储与备份系统,以及实验数据库与实验信息管 理系统等。实验网络系统是装置运行的支持骨架,为各子系统提供互联通道和信号传输能力;数据存储与备份系 统为托卡马克实验提供数据的存储管理与容灾备份服务;实验数据库系统为元数据与科学数据提供了高效的检 索、访问与管理;实验信息管理系统为装置各子系统提供了参数配置管理、运行日志记录与运行值守管理,实现 了实验运行管理信息化,提高了实验运行效率。     

Effects of experimental parameters on elemental analysis of coal by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The purpose of this work is to improve the precision of the elemental analysis of coal using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS technique has the ability to allow simultaneous elemental analysis and on-line determination, so it could be used in the elemental analysis of coal. Organic components such as C, H, O, N and inorganic components such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Si, Ti, Na, and K of coal have been identified. The precision of the LIBS technique depends strongly on the experimental conditions, and the choice of experimental parameters should be aimed at optimizing the repeatability of the measurements. The dependences of the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the LIBS measurements on the experimental parameters including the sample preparation parameters, lens-to-sample distance, sample operation mode, and ambient gas have been investigated. The results indicate that the precision of LIBS measurements for the coal sample can be improved by using the optimum experimental parameters.     

Analytical Representation of the Bragg Curve for Operating a TV-Type Detector at the Radiotherapeutic Accelerator

A mathematical model of the TV-type detector calculator operation with analytical approximation of the Bragg curve in the simple form for fast calculations is proposed. An analytical formula is obtained, based on the combination of parabolic cylinder functions, well consistent with numerical methods and experimental data, which is valid for proton energies from 60 to 180 MeV.     

科技考古课程教学中紫外可见吸收、分子荧光光谱实验教学设计

学习紫外可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱相关基础知识,并掌握相关实验操作和数据分析技能是科技考古专业研究生培养环节中的重要组成部分。针对目前科技考古专业研究生实际情况,通过设计紫外可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱实验对紫外可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱教学进行初步探索,取得较好效果。     

Lock‐In Thermography to Analyze Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dispersions

The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) strongly rely on their colloidal stability, and any given dispersion can display remarkably different features, depending on whether it contains single particles or clusters. Thus, developing efficient experimental methods that are able to provide accurate and reproducible measures of the NP properties is a considerable challenge for both research and industrial development. By analyzing different NPs, through size and concentration, it is demonstrated that lock‐in thermography, based on light absorption and heat generation, is able to detect and differentiate the distinct aggregation and re‐dispersion behavior of plasmonic NPs, e.g., gold and silver. Most importantly, the approach is nonintrusive and potentially highly cost‐effective compared to standard analytical techniques.