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离子液体作为潜在的“绿色”溶剂,具有许多传统溶剂无法比拟的优异性能,在有机合成、催化、液液分离和萃取等领域引起了广泛的研究。而在离子液体领域无机材料的制备是一个较新的发展分支,现已利用其合成出多种具有独特结构和性能的无机材料。本文就离子液体在无机材料制备方面的应用及发展趋势进行了综述。目前,对于制备无机材料,离子液体主要是作为电解液、表面活性剂或溶剂,本文介绍了其在应用中的优缺点,并指出该领域未来的发展趋势是离子热合成和集模板-溶剂-反应物于一身的离子液体反应。 相似文献
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离子液体独特的溶剂性能使它在合成和催化领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,离子液体的经济问题和可能的环境友好性问题使得人们逐渐把目光投向了离子液体自身的催化性能。人们通过对离子液体结构的修饰设计出了各种具有特定催化性能的功能化离子液体。近年来功能化离子液体在催化碳-杂键形成反应方面有了相当多的应用。本文以形成的碳-杂原子键类型为主线,综述了功能化离子液体在催化碳-杂键形成反应方面的最新研究进展,涉及到了酸性离子液体、碱性离子液体、金属有机功能化离子液体、酸碱双功能离子液体、手性离子液体等多种类型的功能化离子液体。 相似文献
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近年来,研究者对室温离子液体极为关注,因为这些离子液体可以作为潜在的替代试剂用于有机合成、提取与分离、电化学和材料科学等方面。在离子液体中,手性离子液体由于可用在手性识别、不对称合成、消旋体的拆分、立体选择聚合、气相色谱、NMR位移试剂和液晶等方面而受到特别注意。尽管手性离子液体由于合成困难和费用昂贵而限制了其广泛应用,但其在不对称合成中可作为手性诱导物的应用前景促使研究者不断地去开发新型的手性离子液体。手性离子液体的制备既可以使用手性源(如氨基酸、胺、氮基醇以及生物碱类),也可以利用不对称合成的手段,其所具有的手性可位于分子的中心、轴或者平面上。本文综述了手性离子液体合成的最新进展,并按照阴离子或阳离子的种类将其分为咪唑类、吡啶类、铵类和噻唑啉盐类,同时简要介绍了一些新的合成技术。 相似文献
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设计新型液液两相催化体系:π配体离子液体 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
π配体催化剂与离子液体体系相结合有助于解决反应效率、产物分离和催化剂循环等一系列均相催化体系不易解决的难题. 近几年相关的研究逐渐深入,由简单地使用离子液体作为π配体催化反应的介质向利用离子液体自身结构的方向发展,相继出现了几类不同的研究思路. 例如,利用π配体催化剂与离子液体形成络合物,使用离子型π配体改善催化剂在离子液体中的溶解性,以及合成功能化阳离子或功能化阴离子的π配体离子液体. 本文结合这几类离子液体化学键联π配体(简称π配体离子液体)的研究进展,从离子液体功能化设计的角度探讨了π配体离子液体的合成思路,为设计具有更好催化性能的功能化离子液体体系提供借鉴. 相似文献
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作为一种新型低污染的绿色溶剂,离子液体近来受到多方关注。文章综述了离子液体合成和功能化设计方面的研究进展,微波和超声波辅助合成离子液体与常规方法相比所需反应时间短、产率高,表现出一定优势。 相似文献
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IntroductionIn 1961 Kerr et al. LI] first synthesized a new zeolite designated ZK-4 whose crystal structure is similar to that of zeolite A, but whose chemical composition differs significantly fromthat of zeolite A. Like zeolite A, ZK-4 contains 24 tetrahedra in a cubic unit cell. However,zeolite ZK--4 has a ratio of silicon to aluminium greater than 1. 0. This increases the siliconcontent of the new zeolite, resulting in smaller unit cell parameters than those of zeolite A.Because the … 相似文献
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UV-Raman and NMR spectroscopic studies on the crystallization of zeolite A and a new synthetic route
Ren L Li C Fan F Guo Q Liang D Feng Z Li C Li S Xiao FS 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,17(22):6162-6169
UV-Raman and NMR spectroscopy, combined with other techniques, have been used to characterize crystallization of zeolite A. In situ UV-Raman spectroscopy shows that the starting gel for crystallization of zeolite A contains a lot of four-ring (4R) building units and the appearance of six-ring (6R) building blocks is the signal for crystal formation. (29)Si NMR spectroscopy results suggest that the starting gel is double four-ring (D4R) rich and during crystallization of zeolite A both α and β cages appear. (27)Al NMR spectroscopy results indicate the absence of Al (2Si) species in the starting gel, suggesting the absence of single 4R building units in the starting gel. Furthermore, composition analysis of both solid and liquid samples shows that the solid rather than liquid phase predominates for the crystallization of zeolite A. Therefore, it is proposed that the crystallization of zeolite A mainly occurs in the solid phase by self-assembly or rearrangement starting from the zeolite building units mainly consisting of D4R. The essential role of D4R is directly confirmed by successful conversion from a solution of D4R to zeolite A in the presence of NaCl, and the importance of solid phase is reasonably demonstrated by the successful synthesis of zeolite A from a dry aluminosilicate gel. By considering that the solid phase has a major contribution to crystallization, a novel route was designed to synthesizing zeolite A from the raw materials water glass (Na(2)SiO(3) in aqueous solution) and NaAlO(2), without additional water and NaOH; this route not only simplifies synthetic procedures, but reduces water consumption. 相似文献
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Fan W Morozumi K Kimura R Yokoi T Okubo T 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2008,24(13):6952-6958
Aggregates (80 nm) of sodalite nanocrystals with crystallite sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm have been synthesized from a sodium aluminosilicate solution at low temperature, without adding any organic additives, while paying attention to the key factors for the synthesis of nanosized zeolite crystals. The physical properties of nanosized sodalite crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, 29Si solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, and N2 adsorption. As expected, the external surface area of nanosized sodalite crystals is significantly increased compared with that of microsized sodalite crystals. The size of synthesized sodalite crystals can be controlled from 20 nm to 10 microm. It is found that the preparation of a homogeneous aluminosilicate solution followed by the formation of an aluminosilicate hard gel by adjusting the initial composition, for example, SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/H2O ratios, is critical for synthesis. 相似文献
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N. E. Gordina V. Yu. Prokof’ev T. N. Borisova A. M. Elizarova 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2018,91(2):180-186
Possibility was examined of synthesizing zeolites granulated without a binder with the use of a preliminary ultrasonic treatment of the suspension at a frequency of 22 kHz from mixtures of sodium metasilicate and aluminum and silicon oxides with various Si: Al ratios. It was found that, after the preliminary treatment, extrusion of grains, and calcination at 650°C, crystalline phases Na6Al4Si4O17, Na8Al4Si4O18, Na2Al2O4, and Na2SiO3 phases are formed in the sample with Si: Al = 1. These phases are precursors for synthesis of NaA and NaP zeolites and sodalite via hydrothermal crystallization in a NaOH solution with concentration of 2 M. Upon a similar treatment of a sample with Si: Al = 2, there are crystalline phases α- and β-Na2Si2O5, from which only NaP zeolite is formed in the course of crystallization. The hydrothermal crystallization in a 6 M alkali solution yields sodalite, irrespective of the Si: Al ratio. It was shown that an ultrasonic treatment gives a gel-like system at Si: Al = 1 and a powdered material at Si: Al = 2, which yields by the end of synthesis samples with cactus-like or wool-like morphology, respectively. 相似文献
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一步法合成多级孔结构ZSM分子筛 《燃料化学学报》2016,44(11):1363-1369
多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛的合成过程复杂。利用双模板剂,通过优化晶化条件(如晶化时间与晶化温度)和Si/Al物质的量比等一步水热晶化合成了具有多级孔结构的ZSM-5分子筛,并采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶红外吸脱附、SEM和TEM等方法对样品的晶体结构、孔道结构、表面酸性和形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,一步法合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛的适宜条件是:晶化温度160-180℃,晶化时间24-96 h,反应物组成为SiO2/Al2O3/Na2O/CTAB/TPABr/H2O=1/x/0.4/0.05/0.12/280,(x:50-240)。其中,晶化温度160℃、晶化时间48 h和以Si/Al物质的量比50的凝胶合成的样品具有有序的介孔(平均尺寸3.60 nm)结构、较高的结晶度和较强的酸性。 相似文献
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超微NaY分子筛的合成(Ⅰ)──添加轻稀土离子的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
导向剂的陈化时间和反应胶的晶化温度可以影响NaY分子筛的晶化行为.随导向剂陈化时间的增加,NaY分子筛的晶化速度加快,晶粒尺寸减小;随晶化温度的升高,NaY分子筛的晶化速度加快,但晶粒尺寸增加.而向合成体系中添加轻稀土离子(Ln3+)对NaY分子筛的晶化行为影响更为明显.与未添加稀土离子时相比较,在一定的稀土离子添加量范围内[n(Ln3+)/n(Al3+)<0.2],NaY分子筛的晶化速度明显加快而晶粒尺寸显著减小,同时所合成出的NaY分子筛的n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)比也有较大的提高.添加稀土离子使合成体系中形成异晶晶种的Ln(OH)3微晶,从而进一步引发NaY分子筛的成核. 相似文献
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Zeolite ZSM-5 was synthesized for the first time in an anionic emulsion system composed of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,
pentanol, cyclohexane and zeolite synthesis mixture, and subsequently characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TG and N2 adsorption techniques. It is found that altering emulsion composition and adding electrolyte can effectively change the morphologies
and/or Si/Al ratios of the ZSM-5 samples. Besides the commonly seen coffin morphology, ZSM-5 particles with rare elliptic
cylinder, column and ellipsoid morphologies are also obtained. Depending on the weight ratios of anionic surfactant and zeolite
reaction mixture, the framework Si/Al ratios of ZSM-5 samples vary slightly. Investigations on the crystallization process
further show the emulsion system can induce rapid crystallization by virtue of shortening the induction time. The ways that
the emulsion system affects zeolite crystallization, framework Si/Al ratio and particle morphology are tentatively discussed. 相似文献
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考察了以拟薄水铝石为铝源、固体硅胶为硅源、四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂时不同晶化混合液SiO2/Al2O3比和不同晶化温度对β沸石合成的影响。XRD、TGA、ICP及SEM研究结果表明,在晶化混合液SiO2/Al2O3比为20至50之间、晶化温度为140℃~160℃范围内能合成出高结晶度的β沸石,且β沸石硅铝比与晶化混合液硅铝比呈良好的线性关系:TGA总失重量随β沸石硅铝比增加而增加,晶化温度对β沸石的晶粒度没有明显影响。此外,所制备的Hβ沸石对甲苯与C9芳烃歧化和烷基转移反应具有良好的催化性能。 相似文献
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Chrispin O. Kowenje Barry R. Jones David C. Doetschman Szu-Wei Yang Charles W. Kanyi 《Chemical physics》2006,330(3):401-409
Copper(II) exchanged Na X Faujasite zeolite was cation exchanged at levels from one Cu(II) in 30 unit cells (0.033 Cu(II)/UC) to 38 Cu(II) per unit cell (38 Cu/UC) and was examined by continuous wave and two-pulse and three-pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at temperatures from 10 K to 300 K. In this work exchange of Cu2+ into X Faujasite zeolite is shown by EPR spectral and pulsed EPR relaxation measurements to begin into site I′, where it lies coordinated to a hexagonal prism face with Si:Al ratios of predominantly 4:2 and 5:1. Spin–spin interactions influence EPR g-value averaging, spin–spin relaxation, and spin spectral diffusion in a manner highly dependent on Cu exchange. Spin–lattice relaxation is relatively independent of exchange. The marked increase observed in spin–spin relaxation and g-value averaging at 8 Cu/UC and an effective Cu–Cu distance of 1.2 nm can be understood in terms of filling sodalite cages with an average of 1 Cu2+ each. 相似文献