冷却流通道内流动对气膜冷却影响的大涡模拟研究

本文采用大涡模拟的方法研究了冷却流通道内流动对气膜冷却的影响。计算结果表明:在本文计算的吹风比0.5的情况下,冷却流通道内流动对气膜横向冷却效率影响不大,但对气膜出流流场有较大的影响。同时计算结果还与RANS的结果进行了比较,采用大涡模拟得到的结果更加接近实验结果,同时大涡模拟能得到气膜出流边界层里更多的湍流场细节。     

气膜冷却计算中湍流黏性系数的修正

燃气轮机高温叶片气膜冷却中的复杂涡系结构使得流动传热很难被准确预测.本文基于平板气膜冷却数值和实验研究结果,指出雷诺平均算法中常用的湍流模型在射流侧向输运和二次涡的捕捉上具有相当的局限性.文中对湍流黏性系数提出了各向异性对数率涡黏模型(ALEV模型)修正,基于ALEV模型修正后的湍流模型增强了射流的侧向输运,减弱了二次...     

气膜孔内流动结构对冷却效率的影响

涡轮叶片气膜孔内的流场结构对气膜射流下游的流动有着明显的影响。本文应用数值模拟的方法计算了平板上四种气膜冷却结构的孔内涡流场,从而分析气膜孔内涡结构对气膜冷却效率的作用规律。结果表明:当射流进入气膜孔并发生偏转时,气膜孔内会生成不同强度的旋转涡对;此对涡会导致气膜孔内射流能量的损失,并对主流内的肾型涡产生作用。当孔内涡对与主流肾型涡转向相同时,主流肾型涡湍流强度增加,气膜冷却效率下降;反之,当孔内涡转向与主流肾型涡相反时,主流肾型涡湍流强度降低,气膜冷却效率提升。通过对孔内涡结构的优化,文中所提的两种气膜孔改型结构能够有效地提高气膜冷却效率。     

平面叶栅气膜冷却流动的数值模拟

为了能够准确地对透平叶栅气膜冷却效率进行数值预测,本文采用了FNM形式的结构化网格,对一个平面叶栅中的气膜冷却流场进行了数值模拟。计算中采用了包括LU-SGS-GE隐式格式和改良型高精度、高分辨率的MUSCL TVD格式的时间推进算法求解三维RANS方程以及低Reynolds数q-ω双方程湍流模型。计算结果表明本文采用的模型及方法在低吹风比的条件下可以较准确地对气膜冷却效率进行数值预测。     

湍流黏性修正在不同孔型气膜计算中的应用

燃气轮机气膜冷却流动中的复杂涡系使得其湍流黏性系数体现出很强的各向异性。本文采用作者提出的代数各向异性湍流黏性系数修正方法(AAEV方法),对不同孔型气膜冷却进行了研究。文中结合平板圆孔、扇形孔气膜冷却实验结果,将传统的湍流模型与修正后的湍流模型获得的模拟结果与实验值进行了比较,得到修正后的结果与实验有较好的吻合度。修正后的湍流模型对不同的孔型有很好的适用性,同时揭示了两种孔不同的三维特性。     

不同吹风比下平面叶栅气膜冷却数值模拟

本文对具有多排冷却孔的某叶栅进行了气膜冷却数值模拟,计算了三种湍流模型在不同吹风比下叶片表面的气膜冷却效率。将数值计算结果与采用压力敏感漆实验技术测量的叶片表面气膜冷却效率分布进行了对比,比较了不同湍流模型的预测准确性,并验证了数值计算对平面叶栅气膜冷却定性预测的可行性。     

带标量修正的气膜冷却各向异性湍流模型

本文采用作者提出的带标量修正的代数各向异性湍流模型,对平板带复合角气膜冷却在带横槽/不带横槽情况下的流动传热进行了研究.通过比较不同工况下的流动传热预测结果,讨论了湍流动量、标量输运对于气膜冷却预测的影响.各向异性修正的雷诺应力项能减弱各向同性湍流模型所带来的肾形涡系强度过预测的问题。而各向异性的湍流标量扩散项则能有效地将雷诺应力和温度梯度对于湍流标量扩散系数的影响体现出来。结果表明带标量修正的各向异性湍流模型能很好地提高气膜冷却的预测精度.     

气膜冷却圆孔射流输运特性的大涡模拟研究

气膜冷却是燃机透平的关键冷却技术,其中射流问题又是气膜冷却的核心物理问题,本文采用大涡模拟方法研究了圆孔冷却射流的输运特性.文中首先采用流向准周期性方法实现了稳定的壁面湍流生成功能.通过对槽道湍流的大涡模拟验证,指出了在两种对流项格式下解析壁面湍流所需要的网格尺度,同时针对六种亚格子模型进行了验证.文中还发展了基于曲面...     

不同主流进口湍流度下的超音速气膜冷却

本文通过数值模拟的方法计算并分析主流进口湍流度、冷却流进口高度和进口马赫数对超音速气膜冷却的影响。计算结果表明,主流进口湍流度对超音速气膜冷却有较大影响,增大主流进口湍流度会减弱超音速气膜冷却效率,同时还表明,增大冷却流进口高度以及进口马赫数,能减弱主流湍流度对超音速气膜冷却的影响。     

空冷透平静叶气膜冷却数值研究

为了深入了解空冷透平气膜冷却机理及三维流动特性,对某型燃气轮机透平静叶进行了详细的数值模拟。计算采用三维N-S方程有限体积解法,湍流模型为标准k-ε模型加改进的壁面函数方法,网格为非结构。计算域扩展到多排气膜冷却孔及与其相连的冷气通道内,求解亦包含所有冷却孔内部流动。根据计算结果重点对前缘气膜冷却复杂三维流动以及整个叶片的气膜冷却特性进行分析。     

Constrained large-eddy simulation of separated flow in a channel with streamwise-periodic constrictions

Constrained large-eddy simulation (CLES) method has been recently developed by Chen and his colleagues for simulating attached and detached wall-bounded turbulent flows. In CLES, the whole domain is simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES) while a Reynolds stress constraint is enforced on the subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model for near wall regions. In this paper, CLES is used to simulate the separated flow in a channel with streamwise-periodic constrictions at Re = 10,595. The results of CLES are compared with those of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, LES, detached eddy simulation (DES) and previous LES results by Breuer et al. and Ziefle et al. Although a coarse grid is used, our results from the present LES, DES and CLES do not show large deviations from the reference results using much finer grid resolution. The comparison also shows that CLES performs the best among different turbulence models tested, demonstrating that the CLES provides an excellent alternative model for separated flows. Furthermore, the cross-comparisons among different CLES implementations have been carried out. Our simulation results are in favor of using the constraint from algebraic RANS model or solving the RANS model equations in the whole domain with a length scale modification according to the idea from DES.     

A comparative study of turbulence models for non-premixed swirl-stabilized flames

ABSTRACT

The accuracy of turbulent swirl-stabilized flame simulation strongly depends on the choice of turbulence model. In this study, four 3D unsteady turbulence closures, including large eddy simulation, scale-adaptive simulation, and two detached eddy simulation variants, along with four RANS models, including RNG k??, SST k?ω, transition SST, and RSM, are examined for moderate- and high-swirl case studies. It is observed that the scale-adaptive simulation provides the most accurate results for almost all variables and both swirl conditions in the reactive flow. Only the 3D unsteady models predict the vortex breakdown bubble and flame attachment state correctly. However, based on our error analysis, the flow and composition fields predicted by the RANS models are in acceptable agreement with the experimental fields, especially the ones of transition SST when higher swirl number cases or minor species concentration are of interest. Moreover, it is concluded that the viscosity ratio criterion is a better measure of the local LES quality than the turbulent kinetic energy ratio, and the accuracy of a hybrid simulation may be much more dependent on the ability of the model to operate close to the RANS mode where the grid resolution is not sufficient for a resolving simulation than the fraction of the resolved kinetic energy. Finally, the propriety of the base (RANS) model of a DES for the application of interest is important, such that DES with realizable k?? outperforms the commonly used DES with SST k?ω model.     

Large eddy simulation of a light gas stratification break-up by an entraining turbulent fountain

The erosion process of a stably stratified light gas layer by a vertical turbulent fountain of denser fluid inside a generic containment – for which experimental reference data are available – is studied computationally using large eddy simulation (LES). In addition, various Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models are applied aiming at a comparative assessment of different computational approaches for the considered case. With the LES methodology included into the present modelling study, a novelty to date is established for fountain-stratification interaction inside generic containments. The high Reynolds number RANS models applied in the framework of this study include both the realisable k–? eddy viscosity model (EVM) as well as the basic Reynolds stress model (RSM). Furthermore, we show that certain regimes of the present configuration can be predicted using an analytically derived scaling approach. Various data beyond the experimentally obtained ones are computationally provided in order to facilitate the calibration of less costly statistical turbulence models and lumped parameter codes, since the presently considered configuration is regarded to be a valuable small-scale equivalent for containment flow applications.     

Large eddy simulation of stably stratified turbulence

Stable stratification turbulence, as a common phenomenon in atmospheric and oceanic flows, is an important mechanism for numerical prediction of such flows. In this paper the large eddy simulation is utilized for investigating stable stratification turbulence numerically. The paper is expected to provide correct statistical results in agreement with those measured in the atmosphere or ocean. The fully developed turbulence is obtained in the stable stratification fluid by large eddy simulation with different...     

Simulation of diesel spray combustion using LES and a multicomponent vapourisation model

Diesel spray and combustion in a constant-volume engine cylinder was simulated by a large eddy simulation (LES) approach coupling with a multicomponent vapourisation (MCV) modelling. The simulation focused on the inclusion of the interaction between fuel spray and gas-phase turbulence flow at the sub-grid scale. The LES was based on the dynamic structure sub-grid model, and an additional source term was added to the filtered momentum equation to account for the effect of drop motion on the gas-phase turbulence. The multicomponent drop vapourisation modelling was based on the continuous thermodynamics approach using a gamma distribution to describe the complex diesel fuel composition and was capable of predicting a more complex drop vapourisation process. The effect of gas-phase turbulence flow on the fuel drop vapourisation process was evaluated through the solution of the gas-phase moments of the distribution in the present LES framework. A non-evaporative spray in a constant-volume engine cylinder was first simulated to examine the behaviours of LES, in comparison with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation based on the RNG k–? model. More realistic diesel spray structures and improved agreement on liquid penetration length with the corresponding experimental data were predicted by the LES, using a grid resolution close to that of RANS. A more comprehensive simulation of diesel spray and combustion in cylindrical combustor was also performed. Predicted distributions of soot particles were compared to the experimental image, and improved agreement with the experimental data was also observed by using the present LES and MCV models. Consequently, results of the present models proved that improved overall performance of the fuel spray simulation can be achieved by the LES without a significant increase in the computational load compared to the RANS.     

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes initialization and benchmarking in shock-driven turbulent mixing

We investigate a strategy for benchmarking Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models by comparing moments extracted from averaged large eddy simulation (LES) data and those predicted directly by RANS. We consider the Besnard–Harlow–Rauenzahn (BHR) RANS approach designed for variable-density compressible flows, which has been previously applied to a wide variety of turbulence problems of interest. We focus on the model's ability to predict moments relevant to shock-driven material mixing. A prototypical inverse chevron shock tube configuration is considered, for which laboratory and previous LES studies are available for comparison and validation. We show that when appropriately initialized, BHR is capable of accurately capturing various characteristic integral measures of the flow; strategies for initialization are demonstrated while addressing sensitivity of BHR predictions to closure and initialization specifics, initial material interface conditions, and grid resolution. The reference simulations are performed using implicit LES based on the Los Alamos National Laboratory RAGE hydrodynamics code.     

翼型前缘分离流动在等离子体激励器控制下的响应

将等离子体对中性气体的作用模型化为彻体力矢量,采用DES(Detached Eddy Simulation)和DDES(Delayed-Detached Eddy Simulation)方法,求解带彻体力源项的Navier-Stokes方程,研究NACA0015翼型16°迎角下,前缘分离流动在等离子体激励器控制下的响应过程.激励器工作后,DDES计算结果显示,分离流动经历一个渐近的再附过程;DES计算因发生网格诱导分离,得到了非定常的响应过程.     

Investigation of turbulence models for computation of swirling flows

Different turbulence models were studied in application to calculation of swirling flows. The differential models of turbulent viscosity considering streamline curvature and the method of detached eddy simulation were used. Weakly and strongly swirling flows were considered at the example of concentrated vortex in a tube, swirling flow in a diffuser, and vortex breakdown through an abrupt expansion. The RANS models with correction to flow swirling represented well the experimental data for the weakly swirling flows. In case of strongly swirling flows, it was more correct to use the method of detached eddy simulation.     

汽车涡轮增压器同步谐波噪声仿真与优化*

针对增压发动机急加速急减速时产生的增压器同步谐波噪声问题,该文通过噪声仿真技术进行分析与优化。首先,分析该噪声的特征与传播路径;其次,建立流场仿真模型。利用剪切应力输运湍流模型与分离涡流模拟湍流模型对增压器进行稳态与非稳态瞬态流场分析,提取非稳态流场的叶轮与压气机流道表面的偶极子声源;最后,建立噪声传播模型,计算该增压器压气机的进气口声场分布。通过理论分析与试验相结合的方法,优化叶轮轮缘与压气机壳体的配合型线,将该增压器噪声的阶次峰值最大降低约15.3 dB(A),消除了同步谐波噪声,且对发动机性能几乎无影响。该噪声的解决方法可以为压气机气动噪声优化提供有价值的参考。