中红外下半导体掺杂调制的表面等离子体透射增强效应

理论研究了平面电磁波通过n型重掺GaAs薄膜的透射谱.当GaAs薄膜两表面刻上亚波长的周期性沟槽结构时,透射谱在中红外波段出现了异常的透射增强现象.把这一现象归因于表面等离子体模式和波导模式的耦合.通过优化结构参数可以得到最大的透射效率.此外,发现随着掺杂浓度的升高,透射谱线中的透射峰逐渐向高频方向移动,最优化后透射峰值随掺杂浓度的升高而逐渐降低.这是由于掺杂浓度的改变,导致了不同的等离子体频率和电子碰撞频率,从而影响了激发模式和薄膜对电磁波的吸收. 关键词： 表面等离子体 掺杂半导体 增强透射 掺杂调制     

Long-range surface plasmon polaritons with subwavelength mode expansion in an asymmetrical system

Long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) modes in an asymmetrical system, in which the thin metal film is sandwiched between a semi-infinite substrate and a high permittivity polymer film with a finite thickness, are theoretically calculated and analyzed. Due to the high permittivity of the polymer film, at proper polymer film thicknesses, the index-matching condition of the dielectrics at both sides of the metal can be satisfied for supporting LRSPP modes, and the electromagnetic field above the metal can be localized well. It is found that these LRSPP modes have both long propagation lengths and subwavelength mode expansion above the metal at the optimal polymer film thicknesses. Furthermore, the requirements on the refractive index and the thickness of the polymer film to support LRSPP modes at the optimal thicknesses are found to be not critical.     

Bragg polaritons: strong coupling and amplification in an unfolded microcavity

Periodic incorporation of quantum wells inside a one-dimensional Bragg structure is shown to enhance coherent coupling of excitons to the electromagnetic Bloch waves. We demonstrate strong coupling of quantum well excitons to photonic crystal Bragg modes at the edge of the photonic band gap, which gives rise to mixed Bragg polariton eigenstates. The resulting Bragg polariton branches are in good agreement with the theory and allow demonstration of Bragg polariton parametric amplification.     

Mid-infrared heavily n-doped GaAs extraordinary transmission through subwavelength grooves

Transmission of an electromagnetic wave from a heavily doped n-type GaAs film is studied theoretically. The calculations are performed using the two-dimensional finite-different time-domain method. From the calculations, we find the extraordinary transmission of p-polarized waves through the film with subwavelength grooves on both surfaces at mid-infrared frequencies. By determining a set of groove parameters, we optimize the transmission to as high as 55.2%. We ascribe this extraordinary transmission to the coupling of the surface-plasmon polariton modes and waveguide modes. Such an enhanced transmission device can be useful for mid-infrared wave filters, emitters, and monitors.     

Tunability and linewidth sharpening of plasmon resonances on a periodic gold nanowire array coupled to a thin textured silver film

We theoretically study the plasmon mode spectrum of a multilayer structure consisting of a periodic gold nanowire array and a spatially separated thin silver film with periodic slits. Results show that the plasmon mode spectrum of the multilayer structure depends sensitively on the relative lateral displacement of the Au nanowire array with respect to the textured silver film. This is due to the interaction between the localized surface plasmon (LSP) of the nanowire array and the plasmon modes, including the horizontal LSP and the antisymmetric short-range surface plasmon polariton (SPP), of the textured thin silver film. The strong coupling between the LSP and the antisymmetric short-range SPP results in a redshifted plasmon resonance with a significantly narrow linewidth and a large electromagnetic field enhancement. Moreover, the lateral displacement also has a great influence on the spacer layer controlled dipole-surface interaction. Therefore, this relative lateral displacement provides an efficient way to tune the optical properties of the multilayer structure, and this kind of highly tunable nanostructure can be used as a tunable plasmonic filter or a substrate for LSPs sensor.     

The effect of the surface enhanced polariton field on the tunneling current of a STM

The influence of surface polaritons (SPs), excited on the external (fast mode) and internal (slow mode) surfaces of a gold film, on the tunneling current of a STM is investigated. The role of the surface polaritons is directly demonstrated by the angular excitation spectra of the induced tunneling current. Possible mechanisms which might give rise to the SP induced change in the tunneling current are discussed. An electromagnetic field of SPs within a tunneling gap is estimated to be surface enhanced in order to explain the value of the induced tunneling current. Images of the polariton induced signal distribution over the sample surface taken by means of different SP modes are compared in order to obtain information on the structure of the internal surface of the film.     

The Investigation of Plasmon-Longitudinal Optical Phonon Coupling and Surface Polariton Modes in Donor Doped GaAs-Al0.33Ga0.67As Multi Quantum Wells

Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy has been used to investigate phonon, plasmon, surface polariton and plasma-longitudinal optical phonon coupling in highly donor doped multi quantum wells (GaAs/Al_0.33Ga_0.67As) and direct band gap n- type Al_XGa_1-XAs thin layer on GaAs substrate. Using different samples with different concentration of free carriers. The dispersion equation of coupling modes have been calculated by using the condition which the dielectric functions of samples are zero for longitudinal coupled modes and experimental papameters which have been obtained from the best fit p-polarized oblique incidence far infrared reflection spectra. In MQW samples, the free carriers confined to the well and carriers are quasi two dimensional. So, plasmon- LO phonon coupling occur in the well (GaAs). In n- type Al_XGa_1-XAs thin layer, the coupled modes consist of three branches of the high, intermediate and low frequency modes. Their frequencies depend on both concentration and alloy composition. To analyses the surface polariton modes we carry out attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurements. In order to support our assignment the magnetic field profiles and surface polariton dispersion curves have been calculated.     

Dielectric waveguide model for guided surface polaritons

Although surface polariton modes supported by finite-width interfaces can guide electromagnetic energy in three dimensions, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that such modes can be modeled by the solutions of two-dimensional dielectric slab waveguides. An approximate model is derived by a ray-optics interpretation that is consistent with previous investigations of the Fresnel relations for surface polariton reflection. This model is compared with modal solutions for metal stripe waveguides obtained by full vectorial magnetic-field finite-difference methods. The field-symmetric modes of such waveguides are shown to be in agreement with the normalized dispersion relationship for analogous TE modes of dielectric slab waveguides. Lateral confinement is investigated by comparison of power-density profiles, and implications for the diffraction limit of guided polariton modes are discussed.     

Piezoelectric-induced polariton coupling in a superlattice

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a piezoelectric superlattice is studied. Because of the piezoelectric effect, a coupling between two orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves is induced by the superlattice vibration. As a consequence of the strong coupling, two types of polariton modes are found: one is supported in the band gap while the other prohibited. This unusual coupling effect is not present in classical lattices.     

Classifying the transmission resonances of a subwavelength aperture within a thin metallic film by breaking the symmetry

Here by introducing an I-shape structure to break the symmetry of a thin metallic film, the contributions of Fabry–Perot (FP) resonance-like modes and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance-like are determined. The finite difference-time domain (FDTD) simulation is utilized to provide a clear picture of the electromagnetic field distribution and transmission profile. The FP matrix method is employed to specify the contribution of FP resonance. Some of the predicted resonances of the FP matrix method coincide with the simulation result which is labeled as FP resonance-like modes. The remaining resonance modes in transmission profile are considered as SPP resonance-like modes. Our results provide explicit evidence that both FP resonator modes and SPP resonance are responsible for extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through a subwavelength aperture.     

含单负材料三明治结构的电磁隧穿特性

在理论分析的基础上,结合实验研究了单负材料/正折射率材料(或单负材料)/单负材料三明治结构的电磁隧穿性质.这种结构的电磁隧穿来源于入射平面波与结构的表面或体极化激元的耦合,从理论上讨论并计算了正入射情况下这种结构中的极化激元的色散关系.发现:由单负材料作为边界而正折射率材料为中间层的三明治结构具有体极化激元,这种极化激元的共振频率随着中间层厚度的增加向低频移动;由不同性质的单负材料构成的三明治结构具有两条色散曲线,这两条色散曲线随着中间层厚度的增加而简并.随后基于L-C传输线技 关键词： 单负材料 极化激元 隧穿 L-C传输线')" href="#">L-C传输线     

Hybrid states of Tamm plasmons and exciton-polaritons

We have demonstrated theoretically that it is possible to use the resonant coupling of exciton-polaritons in a planar microcavity and Tamm plasmons at a metal film on the surface of the structure to provide lateral spatial control of the exciton-polaritons within the cavity. The resonant coupling of the Tamm plasmons to cavity exciton-polaritons results in a triplet of hybrid plasmon–exciton-polariton modes with the lowest at a significantly lower energy than that of the unperturbed exciton-polaritons. Further, a patterned metal film on the structure surface can provide a sufficiently large lateral modulation of the excitation energy that localization of the exciton-polaritons within chosen regions of the cavity is possible. We show how the approach opens the way to a practical demonstration of polariton channels, traps, and devices, including logic gates.     

Nonlinear spoof surface plasmon polariton phenomena based on conductor metamaterials

We present nonlinear phenomena produced from spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) modes. Below the THz spectrum, artificially textured conducting metastructures on a subwavelength scale generate surface-bound modes and are called SSPP modes, similar to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in the visible spectrum. Even though nonlinear effects in the THz domain are negligible, subwavelength metallic gap structures are ideal candidates to realize nonlinear behavior in the THz domain because of slow light propagation, strong electromagnetic confinement, and a high quality factor Q. In particular, when SSPP structures are combined with Kerr nonlinear materials, nonlinear-bistable curves can be observed below the THz spectrum.     

The near field correlation spectrum of a metallic film

The spatial two-point coherence function of the thermal radiation field at subwave-distance from a metallic film is calculated within fluctuation electrodynamics. Long-range oscillations as a function of lateral separation are seen; we interpret their features by comparing to the dispersion relations of surface plasmon polariton modes on the thin film. The hybridization of the surface modes on the top and bottom interfaces leads to a beatnote in the field correlations, for specific detector setups.     

Optical interaction in a plasmonic metallic particle chain coupled to a metallic film

We study the coupling of localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton modes in a system composed of a metallic nanoparticle chain imbedded in a dielectric–metal–dielectric substrate. The results show the influence of outside parts and imbedded parts of particles on the interaction between localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton modes. An enhancement can be observed in our structure. This kind of the structure has a very promising candidate for biosensing and surface enhanced spectroscopy applications.     

Confined plasmonic modes in a nanocavity

The effect of confinement on surface plasmon polariton in a planar nanocavity was studied. The generalized modes were obtained and studied in detail. It was demonstrated that these modes result from the strong coupling of plasmon-like and photon-like modes.     

Shear Bloch waves and coupled phonon–polariton in periodic piezoelectric waveguides

Coupled electro-elastic SH waves propagating in a periodic piezoelectric finite-width waveguide are considered in the framework of the full system of Maxwell’s electrodynamic equations. We investigate Bloch–Floquet waves under homogeneous or alternating boundary conditions for the elastic and electromagnetic fields along the guide walls. Zero frequency stop bands, trapped modes as well as some anomalous features due to piezoelectricity are identified. For mixed boundary conditions, by modulating the ratio of the length of the unit cell to the width of the waveguide, the minimum widths of the stop bands can be moved to the middle of the Brillouin zone. The dispersion equation has been investigated also for phonon–polariton band gaps. It is shown that for waveguides at acoustic frequencies, acousto-optic coupling gives rise to polariton behavior at wavelengths much larger than the length of the unit cell but at optical frequencies polariton resonance occurs at wavelengths comparable with the period of the waveguide.     

Thermally driven sensitive surface phonon polariton modes in thin-film SiC

The results of this work show that significant changes to the spectral properties of thermal emission may be accomplished by taking advantage of surface phonon polariton (SPP) modes that are very sensitive to small refractive index changes. Surface phonon polaritons are interface restricted wave modes that do not usually participate in thermal radiative energy exchange. In this work, the possibility of varying the spectral properties by using a thin-film surface active material, layered between dielectrics, is explored. Unlike surface gratings, the multilayered structure discussed in this work couples the surface modes into radiative modes using subtle changes in refractive index. The proposed multilayer effect is studied by first developing the SPP mode dispersion relation to identify the spectral location of the surface modes. The relationship between SPP coupling and refractive index change is then developed. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem and an impedance boundary condition is used to theoretically show how thermal radiation can excite SPP modes. Results are then presented that show how film thickness and substrate properties act to support SPP modes that are particularly sensitive to changes in refractive index and therefore offers opportunities for dramatic changes to the spectral properties.     

太赫兹表面极化激元

作为束缚于表面或界面的电磁波与极性元激发的耦合模量子,表面极化激元是克服衍射极限的核心物理.在紫外、可见以及近红外波段,表面等离子极化激元展现出了亚波长特性,具有高分辨成像等应用,并发展成为"表面等离子极化激元亚波长光学"学科;在中红外波段,表面声子极化激元发挥着同样的作用.太赫兹波段曾是人类认识的空白区域,近三十年来得以高速发展,其战略意义重大.具有克服衍射极限能力的太赫兹表面极化激元同样是小型化与集成化太赫兹器件,以及太赫兹超高分辨成像的重要物理基础.近几年来,对以石墨烯为代表的二维材料的研究突飞猛进,诞生了"石墨烯表面等离子极化激元亚波长光学"这门学科,并贡献于太赫兹领域.本文对可在太赫兹波段工作的人工超构材料、掺杂半导体、二维电子气、二维材料、拓扑绝缘体等结构材料的表面极化激元进行了较为全面的总结与介绍,为研制克服衍射极限的太赫兹集成光子学器件提供可资借鉴的物理基础.     

Hybrid waveguide-surface plasmon polariton modes in a guided-mode resonance grating

We analyze the coupling between surface plasmon polaritons in a metal grating and the guided modes of a dielectric waveguide. Our model structure is a gold wire grating on a slab waveguide made of silicon nitride on silica wafer. The excitation of guided-mode resonances, surface plasmon polariton modes and hybrid waveguide-plasmon modes are observed in numerical simulations. Our experiments verify the existence of the predicted modes. These hybrid modes add significant degrees of freedom in designing structures for plasmonic applications.