用膜片钳研究BaCl2对萝卜液泡膜SV通道的影响

用膜片钳全液泡记录方式研究了BaCl₂对萝卜(Raphanus satirus L.)慢液泡(SV)通道电流的影响. 已有研究资料表明, SV通道为阳离子选择性通道, 具有时间和电压依赖性. 细胞质钙可激活此通道, 且表现出钙依赖性. 当在电极内液中加入1 mmol/L BaCl₂时, SV通道电流被抑制; 而当不同浓度的BaCl₂加入到外液中时, 对SV通道电流的影响不同: 低浓度的钡( < 3 mmol/L) 能促进通道电流, 当BaCl₂浓度在1 mmol/L至1 mmol/L区间时,对SV通道电流的激活最强、基本上达到饱和; 而高浓度的钡 (≥3 mmol/L)对SV通道电流则表现为抑制作用. 这一结果为进一步研究钡对植物生理活动的影响以及其毒害在通道水平上提供了重要的依据.     

膜片钳法研究镁离子对萝卜液泡膜SV通道的影响

用膜片钳全液泡记录方式研究了Mg^2＋对萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)液泡膜上SV通道电流的影响. 结果表明: 用EGTA配位Ca^2＋后, 胞质Mg^2＋不能够代替Ca^2＋来激活SV通道; 外液中不同浓度的Mg^2＋对通道电流有抑制作用, 并且呈一定的浓度依赖性, 用Hill方程拟合浓度依赖性曲线, 得抑制常数K_i＝(1.94±0.11) mmol/L, 而内液中的Mg^2＋不影响通道电流. 这一结果为进一步研究镁对植物生理活动的影响从通道水平提供了重要依据.     

铜离子对SV通道电流特性的影响

利用全液泡膜片钳技术, 在液泡上研究了氯化铜对钙离子激活的慢液泡阳离子通道电流特性的影响. 外液中加入氯化铜后, 在高浓度时, 抑制通道电流, 并且抑制率随浓度增大而增大, 并随电压的变化而变化; 而在低浓度时, 则促进通道电流, 对SV通道电流的促进率随着刺激电压增大而减小; 而且通道电流的激活时间常数明显减小, 且当刺激电压在20 ~ 120 mV时, 激活时间常数减小的幅度比较大; 而当大于120 mV时, 则不太明显. 这些提示SV通道上可能存在着铜离子的结合位点, 此结合位点结合铜离子后, 可能会改变通道的一些特性.     

壳聚糖-铜复合物修饰电极对过氧化氢电催化性能的研究

将壳聚糖与铜盐通过配位结合制得壳聚糖-铜复合物(CTS-Cu),并用其修饰玻碳电极,使用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的电催化性能,对其催化机理进行了探讨.优化的实验条件为:以0.1 mol/L.磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS,pH 7.0)为反应介质,CTS-Cu修饰液中的铜离子浓度为6 mmol/L,工作电...     

采用微量热法研究重金属离子对脲酶催化水解反应的影响

利用微量热计Micro DSCⅢ对重金属离子影响脲酶催化水解反应的过程进行研究, 并探讨重金属离子联合抑制作用对脲酶催化反应的影响. 结果表明, 在25℃下, 重金属离子对脲酶水解反应热有影响, 在广泛浓度范围(0.1, 1, 10, 100和10³ mg/L)内, 这种影响不仅表现在抑制作用方面, 而且会促进其水解反应的进行, 如铜离子在100和1000 mg/L时抑制率分别为(0.49±0.20)%和(-11.93±1.34)%. 重金属离子浓度与抑制率具有显著或极显著的相关性, 抑制效果的顺序为砷离子>铅离子>镉离子>铜离子. 当重金属离子联合抑制时, 其抑制效果与抑制率较高的重金属离子的抑制作用接近.     

镧对MC3T3细胞钙激活钾电流及其动力学的影响

利用全细胞膜片钳技术,研究了稀土镧离子对非兴奋性小鼠成骨细胞(MC3T3)钙激活外向钾电流及其激活和失活动力学的影响.结果表明:MC3T3细胞钙激活外向钾电流随着电极内液中游离Ca2+浓度的增加而增加,且具有电压和胞内游离Ca2+依赖性特征.细胞外液中的稀土镧可浓度依赖性地抑制MC3T3细胞钙激活外向钾电流,其半数抑制浓度(EC50)为8.23±1.45μmol/L.50μmol/L氯化镧可使钾电流的激活曲线向正电位方向移动,而使其失活曲线向负电位方向移动,但对激活曲线和失活曲线的斜率因子k值影响都不大.研究表明:抑制钾通道电流,可使细胞膜去极化,细胞的兴奋性增加,从而增加胞外Ca2+向胞内流动,引起胞内Ca2+浓度的增加,由此而诱发一系列的生理和分子生物学事件.这一过程可能是稀土镧影响MC3T3成骨细胞生长和功能的分子作用机制之一.     

羊抗人IgG在金纳米通道中的迁移

以聚碳酸酯超滤膜为基板,用化学镀的方法在超滤膜上沉积金,制得直径在45nm左右的金纳米通道阵列,利用制得的金纳米通道阵列搭建离子电流测量平台,可实现对羊抗人IgG分子的浓度检测.当羊抗人IgG分子通过直径45nm的金纳米通道时,由于物理占位及表面电荷的影响,会引起离子电流发生变化;在KCl浓度为0.15mol/L(pH7.48)溶液中,IgG分子的物理占位对离子电流有阻塞作用,会导致电流减小,IgG浓度在1.8～18ng/mL范围内,减小量与浓度成线性关系;实现了对IgG的定量检测.KCl浓度降低到0.025mol/L时,由于IgG分子扩散层内反离子对通道内离子浓度的贡献占主导地位,从而造成离子电流随着IgG浓度增大而增大.     

大气中三甲胺的离子色谱法测定

研究三甲胺的采样方法及离子色谱测定方法。采用模拟发生装置生成含有三甲胺的混合大气,以50mmol/L HCl水溶液作为吸收液,用大气采样器以0.5 L/min流量采样20 min。采样后的三甲胺盐酸盐水溶液用离子色谱进行测定,采用Ion Pac CS12A阳离子交换柱(250 mm×4 mm i.d.)及相应的CG12A保护柱(50 mm×4 mm i.d.),18 mmol/L甲磺酸水溶液为淋洗液。研究表明,三甲胺盐酸盐在0.40~40.4 mg/L时,峰面积和峰高与样品质量浓度均有很好的线性关系(r2=0.999 1),吸收液中三甲胺的检出限为0.1 mg/L。     

镧对保卫细胞质膜内向钾通道的作用研究

用膜片钳全细胞记录方式研究了La³⁺对蚕豆气孔保卫细胞质膜内向钾通道(K⁺_in)电流的影响. 结果表明, 在细胞外液和细胞内液中的La³⁺对K⁺_in电流都产生抑制作用, 说明在保卫细胞质膜K⁺_in通道的细胞膜外侧和内侧存在La³⁺的结合位点; 在细胞外La³⁺对K⁺_in电流的阻断常数K_i为(2.56±0.25) mmol/L, 在细胞内La³⁺对K⁺_in电流的阻断常数K_i为(1.18±0.11)×10^&#8722;15 mol/L, 可见La³⁺在细胞内比细胞外对K⁺_in电流产生更强的抑制作用, 也说明在蚕豆保卫细胞质膜K⁺_in通道, 细胞膜内侧比外侧存在更强的La³⁺结合位点. 离子通道的活性变化与植物叶片上的气孔运动和植物水分状况密切相关, 这提示稀土对于调节植物的水分散失, 增强植物耐旱性可能具有潜在的应用价值.     

含氧酸根及4-硝基苯酚在氧化钨/聚苯胺修饰电极上的电催化还原

采用循环伏安(CV)、方波脉冲伏安(SWV)和计时电流(CA)技术研究了含氧酸根离子 , , 和4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)在WO₃/PANI修饰电极上的电催化还原. 实验结果表明, WO₃/PANI对 , , 以及4-NP电化学还原都具有良好的催化活性. 恒电位时, WO₃/PANI对相应底物有快速的电流响应, 在40 mmol/L～1.2 mmol/L ( ), 0.12～20 mmol/L ( ), 40 mmol/L～2.50 mmol/L ( ), 50～400 mmol/L (4-NP)浓度范围内, 响应电流与底物浓度呈线性关系, 检测灵敏度及检测限(S/N＝3)分别为0.202 mA/(mmol/L), 4.8 mmol/L ( )|0.035 mA/(mmol/L), 23 mmol/L ( )|0.120 mA/(mmol/L), 5.9 mmol/L ( )|0.443 mA/(mmol/L), 8.8 mmol/L (4-NP).     

Effects of BaCl_2 on slow vacuolar ion channels on radish by patch-clamp

Effects of BaCl2 on slow vacuolar ion channels on radish by patch-clamp YANG Pin (杨 频) & ZHANG Liping (张丽平) Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yang Pin (email: yangpin@sxu.edu.cn)     

Effects of BaCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> on slow vacuolar ion channels on radish by patch-clamp

The effects of BaCl₂ on slow vacuolar (SV) currents of radish are studied by using the whole-vacuolar patch-clamp recording mode. The Ca²⁺-dependent SV channel can be activated by cytosolic Ca²⁺. When 1 mmol/L BaCl₂ is added into pipette solution, SV currents are suppressed remarkably. Then adding BaCl₂ of different concentrations into the bath solution, SV currents reflect different effects. The results show that BaCl₂ with a lower concentration (<3 mmol/L) promotes the channel currents and the currents are saturated when BaCl₂ concentrations are between 1 μmol/L and 1 mmol/L, but BaCl₂ with higher concentration (≥ 3 mmol/L) inhibits SV currents.     

Effects of Cu~(2+) on characteristic of SV currents

Applying the patch-clamp technique to vacuoles from Radish we studied the effects of Cu2 on Slow Vacuolar (SV) current’s characteristic. Our results show that Cu2 in bath solution at higher concentration inhibits SV currents and the percentage of inhibition increases with increasing concentration and changes with different voltage. When at lower concentration, Cu2 significantly promotes the SV currents and the promotion ratio decrease with increasing voltage. At the same time, the time constants of activation become lesser after adding Cu2 . These results show that there may be some Cu2 binding sites on SV channels and binding to which can change SV current’s characteristic.     

Effects of Cu2+ on characteristic of SV currents

Applying the patch-clamp technique to vacuoles from Radish we studied the effects of Cu²⁺ on Slow Vaculolar (SV) current’s characteristic. Our results show that Cu²⁺ in bath solution at higher concentration inhibits SV currents and the percentage of inhibition increases with increasing concentration and changes with different voltage. When at lower concentration, Cu²⁺ significantly promotes the SV currents and the promotion ratio decrease with increasing voltage. At the same time, the time constants of activation become lesser after adding Cu²⁺. These results show that there may be some Cu²⁺ binding sites on SV channels and binding to which can change SV current’s characteristic.     

Quantitative study on La~(3+) influx mediated by sodium-calcium exchanger in human lymphocytes

Whether La3+ can enter human peripheral blood lymphocytes by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger or not and the effect of La3+on the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity are examined by fura-2 technique. And that whether La3+ is sequestered by intracellular organelles (mainly endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) is studied by this method. La3+uptake is obviously stimulated by pre-treating the cells with ouabain and by removing extracellular Na+, and intracellular La3+concentration ([La3+]i) is directly proportional to its extracellular concentration ([La3+]o). But when [La3+]o exceeds 0.4 mmol/L, the 340/380 nm ratio of fluorescence is no longer varied and the maximum [La3+], is 1.5×10-12 mol · L-1. The higher concentration of La3+ (0.1 mmol/L) increases Na+/Ca2+ exchange-mediated calcium influx, but lower concentration (10 μmol/L) appears to block calcium influx. The results also suggest that cytosolic La3+ is transported by the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump. Intracellular Ca2+ stores are depleted by ionomycin, and then ion     

Na~+/Ca~(2+) Exchange-mediated La~(3+) Entry in Human Lymphocytes

With extensive applications the rare earth elements to agriculture, medicine and animal husbandry, whether rare earth ions can cross cell membranes and participate in the metabolism of animals and plants is not clear until now. Otherwise, rare earth ions have different interaction fashions to different kinds of cells, therefore, in this study we determined whether La3+ enter human peripheral blood lymphocytes via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (measured with fura-2).Relative sensitivity of fura-2 to Ca2+…     

Influence of solvent and counter ion on copper complexes with N-alkyl-pyridine-2-carboxamides as studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The interactions of copper(II) with N-alkyl-pyridine-2-carboxamides (M) were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The influence of solvent and counter ion (Cl-, ClO4-) on the type of ions (complexes) observed was discussed. By cone voltage increase, the fragmentation "in source" of the ions discussed was achieved. In methanol solution containing N-alkyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (M) and CuCl2 the singly- and doubly charged-ions [M+CuCl]+ and [M2+Cu]+2 were detected. In acetonitrile solution containing N-alkyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide and CuCl2, the copper(I)-containing ions [M+CH3CN+Cu]+ were formed. The use of Cu(ClO4)2 instead of CuCl2 resulted in more abundant doubly-charged ions in both methanol and acetonitrlile solutions and, for the former solution, the ions containing methoxyl anion, namely [M+CuOCH3]+, were observed. When water was used as a solvent, the abundant ions corresponding to the protonated ligands were formed, while the ions corresponding to copper complexes were characterised by low abundances.     

H3PO4改性PS-EDTA树脂对水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附性能研究

大孔氯甲基化聚苯乙烯小球先后与乙二胺、2-氯乙酸反应得EDTA型螯合树脂(PS-EDTA),再用磷酸在室温处理得PS-EDTA/P树脂。PS-EDTA/P树脂被用于水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附净化处理,探讨了溶液的pH值、初始金属离子浓度、时间、温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了其对重金属离子的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温式、对Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温式,准二级吸附动力学方程能够很好地描述3种金属离子在树脂上的吸附动力学行为。同时,PS-EDTA/P树脂对重金属吸附的热力学参数表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附是一个自发的、吸热的过程。已吸附Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的树脂可以用0.1mol/L HCl解吸,解吸后的树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+仍具有较高的吸附量。     

P204萃取色谱法对Co~(2+)的分离研究

对萃取色谱法分离钴与铜、镉、锰、锌、铁等金属离子进行了研究。用含Ｐ２０４萃取剂的萃淋树脂,经过ｐＨ４．０的ＮａＡｃ溶液转型后,只需用ｐＨ２．５的氯乙酸－氯乙酸钠缓冲溶液作为流动相淋洗,就可将钴与其它金属离子分离。方法分离效果好,操作简单方便,是分离分析钴的一种新方法。