十二烷基苯磺酸钠在SiO2表面聚集的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在无定形SiO2固体表面的吸附.设置不同的水层厚度,观察同液界面和气液界面吸附的差异.模拟发现表面活性剂分子能够在短时间内吸附到SiO2表面,受碳链和固体表面之间相互作用的影响形成表面活性剂分子层,并依据吸附量的大小形成不同的聚集结构;在水层足够厚的情况下,由于有较多的表面活性剂分子吸附在固体表面,从而形成带有疏水核心的半胶束结构;计算得到的成对势表明极性头与钠离子或水分子之间的结合或解离与二者之间的能垒有关,解离能垒远大于结合能垒,引起更多Na+聚集在极性头周围而只有少数Na+存在于溶液中;无论气液还是固液界面,极性头均伸向水相,与水分子形成不同类型的氢键.模拟表明,分子动力学方法可以作为实验的一种补充,为实验提供必要的微观结构信息.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠在SiO2表面聚集的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在无定形SiO2固体表面的吸附. 设置不同的水层厚度, 观察固液界面和气液界面吸附的差异. 模拟发现表面活性剂分子能够在短时间内吸附到SiO2表面, 受碳链和固体表面之间相互作用的影响形成表面活性剂分子层, 并依据吸附量的大小形成不同的聚集结构; 在水层足够厚的情况下, 由于有较多的表面活性剂分子吸附在固体表面,从而形成带有疏水核心的半胶束结构; 计算得到的成对势表明极性头与钠离子或水分子之间的结合或解离与二者之间的能垒有关, 解离能垒远大于结合能垒, 引起更多Na+聚集在极性头周围而只有少数Na+存在于溶液中; 无论气液还是固液界面, 极性头均伸向水相, 与水分子形成不同类型的氢键. 模拟表明, 分子动力学方法可以作为实验的一种补充, 为实验提供必要的微观结构信息.     

阴离子Gemini表面活性剂在油/水界面行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了磺酸盐型阴离子Gemini表面活性剂在油/水界面的吸附行为, 考察了不同长度的连接基(Spacer)对表面活性剂在界面的聚集形态及界面性质的影响. 密度分布和微观结构信息显示, Gemini表面活性剂能在油/水界面形成单层膜结构. Gemini表面活性剂能使油/水界面的厚度显著增大, 并使界面形成能降低. 当连接基为6个碳时, 此类磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的界面厚度最大, 形成的界面最稳定. 连接基长度对Gemini表面活性剂单层膜周围的水分子和Na⁺的吸附结构影响不大, 但是能影响水分子的扩散行为.     

油/水界面表面活性剂的复配协同机制

采用耗散颗粒动力学(DPD)方法模拟了椰油酸二乙醇酰胺(6501)分别与十二烷基-α-烯烃磺酸钠(DAOS)、椰油酰胺丙基二甲基甜菜碱(CAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系中表面活性剂在油/水界面的排布行为, 探讨了盐度及分子结构对单一和复配表面活性剂界面活性的影响, 从界面效率、界面密度和分子排布等角度讨论了油水界面表面活性剂混合体系的复配协同增效机制.     

表面活性剂对驱油聚合物界面剪切流变性质的影响

利用双锥法研究了表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对油田现场用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPAM)和疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺(HMPAM)溶液的界面剪切流变性质的影响,实验结果表明:HMPAM分子通过疏水作用形成界面网络结构,界面剪切复合模量明显高于PHPAM.SDBS和CTAB通过疏水相互作用与HMPAM分子中的疏水嵌段形成聚集体,破坏界面网络结构,剪切模量随表面活性剂浓度增大明显降低.同时,界面膜从粘性膜向弹性膜转变.低SDBS浓度时,少量SDBS分子与PHPAM形成混合吸附膜,界面膜强度略有升高;SDBS浓度较高时,界面层中PHPAM分子被顶替,吸附膜强度开始减弱.阳离子表面活性剂CTAB通过静电相互作用中和PHPAM分子的负电性,造成聚合物链的部分卷曲,从而降低界面膜强度.弛豫实验结果证实了表面活性剂破坏HMPAM网络结构的机理.     

吸附与润湿I非离子表面活性剂在SiO2/水和SiO2/环己烷界面的吸附层结构

根据Triton X-100在硅胶/水和硅胶/环己烷界面以及Triton x-305在硅胶/水界面的吸附结果,提出了两种简单的吸附模型,在硅胶/环己烷界面上形成的是单分子吸附层,吸附质分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链伸入环己烷的方式取向.在硅胶/水界面上形成的是双分子吸附层,第一层中的分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链朝外;第二层中的分子取向相反,即以碳氢链朝向第一层分子形成的碳氢链层,而以乙氧基链伸进水中,对石英玻璃-水-环己烷的接触角(θ水)的测定结果表明,θ水随水相中表面活性剂浓度的增加先升后降,进一步支持了上述吸附模型。     

生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂及其复配体系界面行为和性质的介观模拟

采用介观模拟耗散颗粒动力学（DPD）方法研究不同结构的鼠李糖脂在油/水界面行为差异和结构对活性的影响,并探讨了其与不同类型表面活性剂如十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO3）复配时体系的界面性质,给出不同结构的鼠李糖脂的行为特点及与常用合成表面活性剂在油/水界面的相互作用规律...     

阴、阳离子表面活性剂混合体系在硅胶/水及硅胶/矿化水界面上的吸附

研究阴、阳离子表面活性剂混合体系(十二烷基氯代吡啶,辛基磺酸钠,辛基三乙基溴化铵/十二烷基苯磺酸钠)在硅胶,纯水和硅胶,矿化水界面上的吸附作用,探讨阴(阳)离子表面活性剂的存在对阳(阴)离子表面活性剂吸附作用的影响．结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂的存在基本不影响阳离子表面活性剂在带负电固体表面的吸附;而阳离子表面活性剂的存在却使本来吸附量就不大的阴离子表面活性剂在带负电的固体表面上不再吸附．在矿化水中阳离子表面活性剂的吸附量比在纯水中明显降低．从硅胶表面吸附机制解释了所得结果．     

吸附与涧湿 Ⅰ.非离子表面活性剂在SiO_2/水和SiO_2/环已烷界面的吸附层结构

根据Triton X-100在硅胶/水和硅胶/环已烷界面以及TritonX-305在硅胶/水界面的吸附结果,提出了两种简单的吸附模型。在硅胶/环己烷界面上形成的是单分子吸附层,吸附质分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链伸入环己烷的方式取向。在硅胶/水界面上形成的是双分子吸附层,第一层中的分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链朝外;第二层中的分子取向相反,即以碳氢链朝向第一层分子形成的碳氢链层,而以乙氧基链伸进水中。对石英玻璃-水-环己烷的接触角(θ_水)的测定结果表明,θ_水随水相中表面活性剂浓度的增加先升后降,进一步支持了上述吸附模型。     

基于强化界面润湿调控的多羟基苯磺酸盐驱油剂的合成与性能评价

通过调控原油-岩石界面润湿性进而提高采收率是油田高效开发的重要思路.现有阴离子表面活性剂改变岩石表面润湿性能力有限,研发强化界面润湿调控性能的新型驱油剂具有重要应用意义.本工作合成了一种新型表面活性剂二羟甲基十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDDBS),通过红外和核磁进行结构表征,探究了SDDBS在亲油岩石表面的吸附行为、降低油水界...     

Effect of SDBS on interfacial electron transfer at the liquid/liquid interface by thin layer method

The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) on electron transfer(ET) reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene(DMFc) located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method.The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase.However,the rate constant of electron transfer(k_(et)) i...     

Electroneutrality coupling of electron transfer at an electrode surface and ion transfer across the interface between thin-layer of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide covering the electrode surface and an outer electrolyte solution.

The electrode reaction of decamethylferrocene (DMFc) dissolved in a thin layer of a room-temperature molten salt (RTMS), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC1C1N) or 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC2C2N), on a self-assembled monolayer-modified gold electrode is coupled with the ion transfer across the interface between the RTMS and the outer aqueous solution (W) to give a voltammogram whose shape resembles a voltammogram of a simple one-electron transfer process. The electroneutrality of the RTMS layer during the oxidation of DMFc to decamethylferricenium ion is maintained by the concomitant dissolution of C8mim+ ion from the RTMS phase to the W phase, and the reduction of decamethylferricenium ion to DMFc is accompanied by the transfer of either C1C1N- or C2C2N- from RTMS to W. The midpoint potential of the voltammogram varies with the concentration of the salt in the aqueous phase, C8mimCl or LiCnCnN (n = 1 or 2), in a Nernstian manner, showing that the phase-boundary potential between the RTMS and the W is controlled by the partition of these ions. Although the phase-boundary potential across the RTMS / W interface is Nernstian with respect to the ions common to both phases at the equilibrium, the polarization at the RTMS / W interface under current flow distorts the shape of the voltammograms, resulting in a wider peak separation in the voltammogram.     

Catalytic Activity of Alkali Metal Cations for the Chemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Biphasic Liquid System Probed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Chemical reduction of dioxygen in organic solvents for the production of reactive oxygen species or the concomitant oxidation of organic substrates can be enhanced by the separation of products and educts in biphasic liquid systems. Here, the coupled electron and ion transfer processes is studied as well as reagent fluxes across the liquid|liquid interface for the chemical reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in a dichloroethane-based organic electrolyte forming an interface with an aqueous electrolyte containing alkali metal ions. This interface is stabilized at the orifice of a pipette, across which a Galvani potential difference is externally applied and precisely adjusted to enforce the transfer of different alkali metal ions from the aqueous to the organic electrolyte. The oxygen reduction is followed by H₂O₂ detection in the aqueous phase close to the interface by a microelectrode of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The results prove a strong catalytic effect of hydrated alkali metal ions on the formation rate of H₂O₂, which varies systematically with the acidity of the transferred alkali metal ions in the organic phase.     

Oxidation of ascorbate and ascorbic acid at the aqueous|organic solution interface

An electron transfer reaction between ascorbate in an aqueous solution and oxidizing agents in an organic solution immiscible with water has been studied for the first time by polarography for charge transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. A reversible electron transfer polarogram at the aqueous|organic solution interface could be observed when teterachlorobenzoquinone, dibromobenzoquinone and Meldola's Blue were used as oxidizing agents in the organic solution. The oxidation reaction of ascorbate at the aqueous|organic interface was discussed comparing with the reactions at the ordinary electrodes and in homogeneous solutions. The half-wave potentials of electron transfer polarograms at the aqueous|nitrobenzene interface were applied to evaluate the formal redox potential of ascorbate/ascorbate free radical.     

Thin‐Layer Cyclic Voltammetric and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic Study of Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid at Liquid/Liquid Interface

An electron transfer reaction between ascorbic acid (H₂A) in an aqueous solution and oxidizing agent in an organic solution immiscible with water has been studied by thin‐layer cyclic voltammetry (TLCV) for charge transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). As an antioxidant, H₂A provide electrons through the aqueous/organic interface to reduce Fc⁺ and the procedure has been proved to be a one electron process again. In this work, the first combination of TLCV and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was achieved and showed a reasonable agreement between the results from the two different approaches. Otherwise, lower concentration ratios Kr of aqueous to organic reactants was adopted, which is given as evidence to the proposed procedure of Barker.     

The Solvent Effect on H2O2 Generation at Room Temperature Ionic Liquid|Water Interface

H₂O₂ is a versatile chemical and can be generated by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton donor solution in molecular solvents or room temperature ionic liquids (IL). We investigated this reaction at interfaces formed by eleven hydrophobic ILs and acidic aqueous solution as a proton source with decamethylferrocene (DMFc) as an electron donor. H₂O₂ is generated in colorimetrically detectable amounts in biphasic systems formed by alkyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate or tetraalkylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids. H₂O₂ fluxes were estimated close to liquid|liquid interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Contrary to the interfaces formed by hydrophobic electrolyte solution in a molecular solvent, H₂O₂ generation is followed by cation expulsion to the aqueous phase. Weak correlation between the H₂O₂ flux and the difference between DMFc/DMFc⁺ redox potential and 2 electron ORR standard potential indicates kinetic control of the reaction.     

Detection of hydrogen peroxide produced at a liquid/liquid interface using scanning electrochemical microscopy

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to monitor in situ hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced at a polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The water/DCE interface was formed between a DCE droplet containing decamethylferrocene (DMFc) supported on a solid electrode and an acidic aqueous solution. H₂O₂ was generated by reducing oxygen with DMFc at the water/DCE interface, and was detected with a SECM tip positioned in the vicinity of the interface using a substrate generation/tip collection mode. This work shows unambiguously how the H₂O₂ generation depends on the polarization of the liquid/liquid interface, and how proton-coupled electron transfer reactions can be controlled at liquid/liquid interfaces.     

Electrochemical evidence of catalysis of oxygen reduction at the polarized liquid–liquid interface by tetraphenylporphyrin monoacid and diacid

Cyclic voltammetry is used to study the role of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine (H₂TPP) in the reduction of molecular oxygen by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. It is shown that this rather slow reaction proceeds remarkably faster in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrin monoacid (H₃TPP⁺) and diacid (H₄TPP²⁺), which are formed in DCE by the successive transfer of two protons from the acidified aqueous phase. A mechanism is proposed, which includes the formation of adduct between H₃TPP⁺ or H₄TPP²⁺ and O₂ that is followed by electron transfer from DMFc to the adduct leading to the observed production of DMFc⁺ and to the regeneration of H₂TPP or H₃TPP⁺, respectively.     

仿生生物膜上多巴胺的电子转移过程研究

利用薄层法(TLCV)研究了硝基苯(NB)/水(W)界面上二茂铁(Fc)-多巴胺(DA)体系的电子迁移(ET)过程,得到该体系界面电子转移速率常数为1.012cm.s^-1.mol^-1.L,界面电子转移反应为单电子过程(n=0.89).采用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)对同一体系进行研究,得到电子迁移速率常数为(1.10±0.2)cm.s^-1.mol^-1.L,两种方法所得结果吻合,证明了薄层法的可行性.同时,低的反应物浓度比又一次验证了Barker理论.     

薄层循环伏安法研究硝基苯/水界面上离子诱导的电子转移反应

应用薄层循环伏安法研究了硝基苯/水两相界面间,且有共同离子四丁基铵TBA+存在于两相中,在有机相中的四氰化二甲基苯醌(TCNQ)与水相中的K4Fe(CN)6之间发生的反向电子转移反应。在直径为0.64cm的裂解石墨电极上用2μL硝基苯溶液使之自然扩散在电极表面形成薄层的有机相,并以此作为工作电极。对电极为铂丝(0.5mm),参比电极为Ag/AgCl电极,均置于总体积为2mL的水相中。由于共同离子TBA+的诱导,在硝基苯/水界面间,在已氧化的TCNQ+阳离子(在有机相中)与[Fe(CN)6]4-阴离子(在水相中)之间发生了反向电子转移反应。试验证明:在一定条件下,通过改变两相中共同离子的浓度,可使一些不能发生的两相界面的电子转移反应得以发生;这类电子转移反应系受界面电位差所控制。此外,还测得了在恒定的共同离子浓度比值的条件下,此两相界面电子转移反应的表观速率常数(k)为0.135cm.s-1.mol-1。