高品质因子聚合物波导微环谐振腔滤波器

基于紫外固化胶和聚砜聚合物材料体系,采用脊形单模波导结构,理论设计并优化了聚合物波导环形谐振腔滤波器的波导截面参数、弯曲半径和耦合区波导间距等结构参数,分析了其滤波响应特性.并在此基础上,结合光刻、反应离子刻蚀等传统的微加工工艺制备了聚合物环形谐振腔滤波器,并进行了光谱测试,器件测试结果与设计基本符合.结果表明,该聚合物微环谐振腔滤波器在通信波段1550 nm附近的自由光谱范围为0.21 nm,3 dB带宽为0.04 nm,插入损耗为26 dB,消光比达到了11 dB,品质因子达到了3.87×104.该聚合物微环谐振腔滤波器可以用于光通信及光传感集成芯片.     

微环谐振腔集成波导光延时线研究

从波导微环谐振腔的光场传输函数出发,推导出其延时响应函数,分析了微环波导损耗对其延时响应特性的影响,发现应用于光学相控阵天线系统的微环谐振腔光延时线必须工作于过耦合状态,即耦合系数κ与微环波导损耗因子γ应满足关系式κ(1-γ)。以延时抖动品质因子ε为判据,建立了微环谐振腔光延时线的优化设计方法,获得了目标延时为0.6 ns,延时带宽为2 GHz,延时抖动品质因子小于1×10~(-3)ns~2的四环级联波导微环谐振腔光延时线的优化结构参数。     

微环谐振腔加速度传感器光谱特性研究

为满足加速度传感器微型化、低成本的需求,提出了一种带有单微环谐振腔的悬臂梁式光学加速度传感器结构,采用耦合模和传输矩阵理论求取了微环谐振器的传递函数,利用检测同一波长处光强度变化的新测量方法实现了对加速度的探测,从而得到了加速度传感器的灵敏度和探测极限,深入研究了不同结构参数对系统灵敏度的影响,数值仿真并分析了输出端口的光谱特性。结果表明：加速度传感器在外界加速度作用时,悬臂梁在应力的作用下会发生弯曲,使得固定在悬臂梁上的微环谐振器发生形变,即微环谐振器的长度和折射率都发生了变化,从而光在微环谐振器中的传输特性发生变化,因此可以通过探测微环输出端光场强度的变化来测定加速度值;悬臂梁的长度、厚度以及微环谐振腔的固定位置都是影响加速度传感器性能的直接因素,并且选择最佳的结构参数可以有效地提高系统灵敏度和精度。经过数值仿真,对于信噪比为30 dB系统,波长在1.515 μm处,悬臂梁的长度、厚度分别为180和3 μm时,系统的灵敏度可达到2.112 g-1,探测极限为1.421×10-3 g,因此在悬臂梁可承受的范围内,选取长度较长的悬臂梁结构能够有效地改善系统的灵敏度和探测极限。该结构为制备高灵敏度、低成本、易于加工的加速度传感器及可嵌入式微型光学器件提供理论基础。     

反馈式跑道型光学微环的传感灵敏度研究

提出了一种由U型反馈波导、跑道谐振腔和敏感环组成的反馈式跑道型光学微环传感器.采用耦合模理论推导了该传感器的归一化输出光强公式,数值分析了传输损耗因子、自耦合因子和敏感环尺寸对归一化输出光强的影响.分析表明:敏感环的损耗因子对归一化输出光强的调制作用明显,只要损耗因子发生微小变化,输出光强即发生较大变化;敏感环工作在弱耦合状态时传感灵敏度较高;敏感环的尺寸对传感灵敏度影响较大,适当地调整敏感环的大小可得到陡峭的输出光强谱线.对结构参数进行优化后不仅可以输出尖锐陡峭的非对称法诺谐振光强谱线,而且具有较高的法诺谐振光谱斜率,能更好地增强传感灵敏度.在信噪比为30dB的测量系统中,优化的反馈式跑道型光学微环传感器的探测极限达4.48×10-8单位折射率.     

基于双光子聚合3D打印的光纤法珀微波导腔制备及传感特性研究

将光纤法布里-珀罗（法珀）微腔与微波导相结合,提出一种光纤法珀微波导腔高灵敏度折射率传感器。光纤法珀微腔可以将光场限制在微米量级的区域内,并对腔内的微波导结构起支撑保护作用;微波导在保证结构良好导光能力的同时,基于其强倏逝场特性,进一步提升整体结构的折射率灵敏度。此外,基于飞秒激光双光子聚合高精度3D打印技术,可实现波导直径仅为2μm的光纤法珀微波导腔,并保证良好的制备重复性。实验结果表明：随着光纤法珀微波导腔传感器腔内液体折射率的增加,传感器的干涉光谱发生蓝移,在1.3346～1.3764折射率范围内灵敏度可达525.81 nm/RIU,与仿真获得折射率灵敏度（555.14 nm/RIU）结果接近;该传感器还展现了优良的线性响应特性,线性拟合系数可达0.9948;相比于传统无微波导的光纤法珀微腔结构,干涉光谱峰值提升了8.2 dB,折射率灵敏度提升了近4倍。     

空心微瓶谐振腔的封装及折射率传感特性研究北大核心CSCD

为提高传感器的稳定性和便携性,提出一种基于空心微瓶谐振腔的折射率传感器,对系统进行封装并对其折射率传感特性进行研究。仿真分析不同壁厚下空心微瓶谐振腔径向回音壁模式的光场分布,光场在微瓶内部的占比随着器件壁厚的减少而增加,有利于提高传感灵敏度。为减小空心微瓶谐振腔的壁厚,利用氢氟酸对石英毛细管进行腐蚀,使用光纤熔接机制备了薄壁空心微瓶谐振腔。采用紫外胶将耦合系统封装固定在载玻片上,器件稳定性和便携性得到提升。研究了封装器件在不同折射率匹配液下的传感特性,器件传感灵敏度为26.50 nm/RIU。该传感器具有稳定性强、灵活性高、损耗小等优点,在光微流控折射率检测方面拥有很大的应用潜力。     

基于倏逝场耦合的石墨烯波导光传输相位特性仿真与实验研究

石墨烯材料应用到各种光波导器件中正成为新一代光子器件的重要发展方向之一,目前基于石墨烯的光纤和集成光子器件研究越来越受到国内外的重视. 本文建立了一种由微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场,并在石墨烯薄膜中传输的模型. 通过有限元分析法,研究了光在这种石墨烯波导中传输光场的强度分布和相位特性,并通过实验进行了验证. 结果表明,沿着微纳光纤-石墨烯光波导传播的倏逝场的强度分布和相位均受石墨烯材料作用,石墨烯材料能有效聚集和导行波导中传输的高阶模,在单位传输长度上具有更密集的等相位面. 本文提出了一种利用微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场研究石墨烯相位响应特性的新方法,对基于石墨烯波导的新型调制器、滤波器、激光器和传感器等光子器件的设计和应用具有一定的参考意义. 关键词： 石墨烯平面光波导 倏逝波 光场强度 相位     

用于集成光学陀螺的波导谐振腔设计

给出了一种集成光学陀螺谐振腔的优化设计方案,在保证集成光学陀螺精度的同时更利于微型化。选用传输损耗为0.01dB/cm的硅基二氧化硅材料作基底,谐振腔内损耗仅为0.5dB,保证了谐振腔的高清晰度;采用准单模矩形波导结构,利用弯曲波导对一阶模的有效限制实现了光的基模传输,利于谐振腔的小型化;分析了波导的传输损耗、波导耦合器分光比对谐振腔性能及陀螺极限灵敏度的影响,得出波导耦合器分光比的优化参数,并仿真得到谐振腔的谐振清晰度达到70以上。在激光器线宽为30kHz,探测器响应度0.95A/W,积分时间为10s的条件下,系统的极限灵敏度为1.6°/h。     

用于纳米粒子检测的双环谐振器

设计了一种可以探测单个纳米粒子的光学传感器结构,该结构由双环、双环间耦合区的通孔和直波导构成,并引入了Fano效应,进一步增强了粒子在光场中出现时的光耦合场变化.当纳米粒子穿过两个微环间的通孔时,其耦合系数和输出端的光强均发生变化,提出了一种基于双环谐振器结构的高精度耦合系数传感方法,通过检测双环谐振器耦合系数和输出端光强的变化对单体纳米粒子进行精确检测和计数.理论计算结果表明,在损耗为1 dB/cm的情况下,与单环结构相比,双环结构的灵敏度提升了两个数量级.该双环结构在减小波导损耗的同时有效提升了检测灵敏度.     

槽型相移布拉格光栅微环谐振器及其传感特性

为实现高灵敏度及高品质因数的折射率传感特性,设计了一种基于槽型相移布拉格光栅的微环谐振器结构。该结构由槽型直波导内嵌相移布拉格光栅耦合单实波导微环构成。结构中离散态光模式与连续态光模式相互干涉产生了Fano共振。利用传输矩阵法量化谐振器中各部分的光场分布,分析系统的传输原理。采用时域有限差分法对提出的器件结构进行仿真模拟,并对结构物理参数进行优化。模拟结果表明该结构的品质因数达到25 729,比传统微环谐振器提高了3倍以上,消光比为18.65 dB,高出传统微环谐振器6.46 dB,折射率灵敏度达到122 nm/RIU,且该谐振器结构简单。所提出的结构在传感应用中具有一定的优势。     

All-fibre optical system for exciting and detecting the vibration of silicon microresonator sensors

An all-fibre optical system for optical interrogation and detection of the vibrations of a silicon microresonator is reported. Metal-coated silicon microresonators are excited by intensity modulated laser light delivered through an optical fibre, while the vibration of the resonators is detected by an optical fibre interferometer. Measurements have shown that an average optical power of 10 μW is sufficient to maintain the flexural vibration of the resonator. When the resonator is used as a pressure sensor, its resonant frequency changes from 62 kHz to 130 kHz as the pressure varies from -0°6 bar to 1 bar (gauge). A silicon resonator with 700 nm aluminium coating functions as a temperature sensor, showing a frequency shift from 262 kHz to 251 kHz when the temperature changes from 25 °C to 80 °C.     

Ultra-compact graphene plasmonic filter integrated in a waveguide

Graphene plasmons have become promising candidates for deep-subwavelength nanoscale optical devices due to their strong field confinement and low damping. Among these nanoscale optical devices, band-pass filter for wavelength selection and noise filtering are key devices in an integrated optical circuit. However, plasmonic filters are still oversized because large resonant cavities are needed to perform frequency selection. Here, an ultra-compact filter integrated in a graphene plasmonic waveguide was designed, where a rectangular resonant cavity is inside a graphene nanoribbon waveguide. The properties of the filter were studied using the finite-difference time-domain method and demonstrated using the analytical model. The results demonstrate the band-pass filter has a high quality factor(20.36) and electrically tunable frequency response. The working frequency of the filter could also be tuned by modifying the cavity size. Our work provides a feasible structure for a graphene plasmonic nano-filter for future use in integrated optical circuits.     

基于平面光波导谐振腔的可调谐光电振荡器

提出了一种基于平面光波导谐振腔的可调谐光电振荡器.该振荡器中,相位调制器串联光波导谐振腔,取代了传统系统中的强度调制器、长光纤和滤波器.由于光学谐振腔对光子频率和相位敏感,调节激光器改变输出光的波长,不仅可以调制光的强度,还可以对微波光子进行选频输出.当光子在波导腔中发生谐振时,产生很强的延时特性,可以取代传统系统中的长光纤.整个光电振荡器系统体积为长29.5cm、宽21cm、高7cm.实验中,改变0.1pm的光子波长,能够产生步长为12.535.5 MHz的调谐,调谐范围达2 GHz,且系统能够产生10 GHz的微波信号,在中心频率为10 GHz处其相位噪声为-109.7dBc/Hz@10kHz.该研究为光电振荡器的小型化和实用化提供了一种新的思路.     

Broad-Band Integrated Optical Electric Field Sensor Using Reflection Mach-Zehnder Waveguide Modulator

A lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) broad-band photonic sensor using reflection-type Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide modulator has been designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated. The bare chip size of the sensor is microminiaturized as small as 20×5×0.5 mm³. The sensor has a wide band frequency response from 10 kHz to 20 GHz with variation less than ± 5 dB. The sensor system shows better linear characteristic from 100 mV/m to 700 V/m, and the sensitivity is 33 mV/m. Besides, the nanosecond EMP with intensity of 30 kV/m has been measured in the time domain.     

Three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on LiNbO_3 photoelastic waveguide

A novel three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide is presented. The photoelasitcity of LiNbO3 due to three-dimensional stress states is obtained analytically. We analyze the level of sensitivity to cross-axis accelerations which is a very important parameter for three-component accelerometer. Theoretically, the designed three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer has a transverse sensitivity ratio （TSR） of zero. The sensor has a high natural frequency of 3.5 kHz and a linear broad working freauency.     

Optical cavity coupled surface plasmon resonance sensing for enhanced sensitivity

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing system based on the optical cavity enhanced detection tech-nique is experimentally demonstrated. A fiber-optic laser cavity is built with a SPR sensor inside. By measuring the laser output power when the cavity is biased near the threshold point, the sensitivity, defined as the dependence of the output optical intensity on the sample variations, can be increased by about one order of magnitude compared to that of the SPR sensor alone under the intensity interrogation scheme. This could facilitate ultra-high sensitivity SPR biosensing applications. Further system miniaturization is possible by using integrated optical components and waveguide SPR sensors.     

Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy

Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy combines broad spectral bandwidth, high spectral resolution, precise frequency calibration, and ultrahigh detection sensitivity, all in one experimental platform based on an optical frequency comb interacting with a high-finesse optical cavity. Precise control of the optical frequency comb allows highly efficient, coherent coupling of individual comb components with corresponding resonant modes of the high-finesse cavity. The long cavity lifetime dramatically enhances the effective interaction between the light field and intracavity matter, increasing the sensitivity for measurement of optical losses by a factor that is on the order of the cavity finesse. The use of low-dispersion mirrors permits almost the entire spectral bandwidth of the frequency comb to be employed for detection, covering a range of ～?10% of the actual optical frequency. The light transmitted from the cavity is spectrally resolved to provide a multitude of detection channels with spectral resolutions ranging from several gigahertz to hundreds of kilohertz. In this review we will discuss the principle of cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy and the various implementations of such systems. In particular, we discuss several types of UV, optical, and IR frequency comb sources and optical cavity designs that can be used for specific spectroscopic applications. We present several cavity-comb coupling methods to take advantage of the broad spectral bandwidth and narrow spectral components of a frequency comb. Finally, we present a series of experimental measurements on trace gas detections, human breath analysis, and characterization of cold molecular beams. These results demonstrate clearly that the wide bandwidth and ultrasensitive nature of the femtosecond enhancement cavity enables powerful real-time detection and identification of many molecular species in a massively parallel fashion.     

低频压缩态光场的制备

低频压缩态光场可用于提高引力波探测器灵敏度, 近年来受到人们的广泛关注. 相对于高频段而言, 低频压缩态的产生更容易受到外界环境噪声的干扰而不易被观察到. 本文采用全固化单频倍频Nd: YVO4/KTP激光器作为光源, 利用双波长共振的光学参量振荡器实现参量过程, 以1064 nm波长的红外作为基频光, 激光器腔内倍频产生的532 nm绿光作为抽运光, 通过调节周期性极化磷酸氧钛钾晶体温度使光学参量振荡器达到双波长同时共振, 采用真空注入的方式, 利用Pound-Drever-Hall锁腔技术锁定抽运场. 输出压缩光通过平衡零拍探测, 最终在实验上获得了频率低至3 kHz的真空压缩, 所直接观察到的压缩度为2 dB.     

非本征F-P局部放电光纤传感器设计及灵敏度分析

为解决超声波法检测电力设备局部放电灵敏度低问题,提出一种采用石英膜片的全电介质结构的光纤法 珀超声传感器设计方法。为获得适于局放检测频响特性的法 珀传感器,根据弹性力学原理分析法 珀传感器固有频率随膜片尺寸参数变化规律,利用ANSYS有限元仿真方法设计3种不同结构尺寸的法 珀传感器。在绝缘油箱中采用信号发生器驱动压电陶瓷传感器发射50 kHz~250 kHz超声波,获得F P传感器的幅频特性曲线。F P1~F P3对板 板电极局放声信号检测实验表明,设计传感器一阶固有频率在150 kHz处可有效检测局放,且相同固有频率下F P传感器灵敏度随膜片厚度减小而显著提高。相同结构参数下腔长为130 m和100 m的F P传感器检测灵敏度前者是后者的2.47倍,实验结果表明增加F P腔长可提高传感器局放检测灵敏度。     

侧面压迫式及端面拉伸式增敏光纤光栅水声传感器

研究了采用侧面压迫式增敏和端面拉伸式增敏的无源光纤光栅水声传感器。采用灌注和弹性片端面增敏两种方案分别对光纤光栅传感器进行增敏。研究结果表明灌注方案谐振频率过低(300Hz),高频灵敏度过低(小于-205dB),且制作工艺要求比较复杂;弹性片端面增敏方案采用铍铜片进行增敏,在100～1000Hz频率范围内灵敏度为(-175±2)dB。对端面增敏传感器进行了封装,并应用于水声的检测实验。实验表明,该传感器在灵敏度及灵敏度频响指标上已经可以满足应用要求。