Oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids in water: One-pot transition-metal-free synthesis of aldehydes and ketones

One-pot transition-metal-free synthesis of aromatic aldehydes and ketones via oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids in water is developed. Protocol relies on the direct decarboxylation of sp³-hybridized carbon in water without any over oxidation into carboxylic acids with minimal waste. Reaction mechanism is investigated and application of this protocol is demonstrated on a gram scale.     

Rhodium-catalyzed regioselective olefination directed by a carboxylic group

The ortho-olefination of benzoic acids can be achieved effectively through rhodium-catalyzed oxidative coupling with alkenes. The carboxylic group is readily removable to allow ortho-olefination/decarboxylation in one pot. α,β-Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methacrylic acid also undergo the olefination at the β-position. Under the rhodium catalysis, the cine-olefination of heteroarene carboxylic acids such as thiophene-2-carboxylic acid proceeds smoothly accompanied by decarboxylation to selectively produce the corresponding vinylheteroarene derivatives.     

Visible-light-promoted oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids in air: Metal-free synthesis of aldehydes and ketones at room temperature

A metal-free photocatalytic oxidative decarboxylation reaction at room temperature was developed for the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes and ketones from the corresponding arylacetic acids. The reaction was realized under blue-light irradiation by adding 1 mol% of 4CzIPN as photocatalyst and air as oxidant. This reaction represents a novel decarboxylation of a sp³-hybridized carboxylic acids without traditional heating, additional oxidants, and metal reagents under mild conditions.     

Biomimetic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids with PhI（OAc）2 Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrin [Mn（TPP）OAc]

Manganese（Ⅲ） meso-tetraphenylporphyrin acetate [Mn（TPP）OAc] served as an effective catalyst for the oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acids with （diacetoxyiodo）benzene [PhI（OAc）2] in CH2CI2-H2O（95：5, volume ratio）. The aryl substituted acetic acids are more reactive than the less electron rich linear carboxylic acids in the presence of catalyst Mn（TPP）OAc. In the former case, the formation of carbonyl products was complete within just a few minutes with 〉97% selectivities, and no further oxidation of the produced aldehydes was achieved under these catalytic conditions. This method provides a benign procedure owing to the utilization of low toxic（diacetoxyiodo） benzene, biologically relevant manganese porphyrins, and carboxylic acids.     

Biomimetic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids with PhI(OAc)2 Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrin [Mn(TPP)OAcl

Manganese(Ⅲ) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin acetate [Mn(TPP)OAc] served as an effective catalyst for the oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acids with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene [Phl(OAc)2] in CH2C12-H2O(95:5,volume ratio),The aryl substituted acetic acids are more reactive than the less electron rich linear carboxylic acids in the presence of catalyst Mn(TPP)OAc,In the former case,the formation of carbonyl products was complete within just a few minutes with ＞97% selectivities,and no further oxidation of the produced aldehydes was achieved under these catalytic conditions,This method provides a benign procedure owing to the utilization of low toxic(diacetoxyiodo)benzene,biologically relevant manganese porphyrins,and carboxylic acids.     

Novel photopolymerizations initiated by alkyl radicals generated from photocatalyzed decarboxylation of carboxylic acids over oxide semiconductor nanoparticles: Extended photo-Kolbe reactions

Polymerizations of vinyl acetate are photocatalyzed by TiO₂ nanoparticles in presence of carboxylic acids including propionic acid, n-butyric acid and pivalic acid. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using ¹³C-labeled n-butyric acid as the probing molecule demonstrates that the polymerization of vinyl acetate is initiated by alkyl radicals generated from photocatalytic decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid. A universal mechanism is established with extending the photo-Kolbe reaction from acetic acid to the carboxylic acids with longer chains. Kinetics studies find that n-butyric acid has higher initiation rate than acetic acid, indicating more efficient decarboxylation for butyric acid than acetic acid in their aqueous solutions. It is proved that carboxylates participate in the decarboxylation. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra are obtained with aqueous solutions of the carboxylic acids in contact with a layer of the TiO₂ nanoparticles, and the observations are discussed with respect to the interaction between the TiO₂ and carboxylic acids.     

Oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto carboxylic acids by carbonyl oxides

Photosensitized oxygenation of α-keto carboxylic acids in the presence of diazo compounds afforded the corresponding carboxylic acids and carbon dioxide in high yields; oxidative decarboxylation by carbonyl oxides occurred.     

Decarboxylation of α-keto carboxylic acids by persulfoxide

Photosensitized oxygenation of diethyl sulfide in the presence of α-keto carboxylic acids caused oxidative decarboxylation of the acids by persulfoxide and gave carboxylic acids, carbon dioxide, diethyl sulfoxide and diethyl sulfone.     

Silver‐Catalyzed Arylation of (Hetero)arenes by Oxidative Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids

A long‐standing challenge in Minisci reactions is achieving the arylation of heteroarenes by oxidative decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids. To address this challenge, the silver‐catalyzed intermolecular Minisci reaction of aromatic carboxylic acids was developed. With an inexpensive silver salt as a catalyst, this new reaction enables a variety of aromatic carboxylic acids to undergo decarboxylative coupling with electron‐deficient arenes or heteroarenes regardless of the position of the substituents on the aromatic carboxylic acid, thus eliminating the need for ortho‐substituted aromatic carboxylic acids, which were a limitation of previously reported methods.     

One pot synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones by oxidative coupling of methyl arenes with cinnamic acids involving C(sp3)―H activation and decarboxylative strategy

A new one pot oxidative coupling of methyl arenes with cinnamic acids has been developed for the synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones using MnO₂/TBHP combination. The process involves a co-existing C(sp³)―H activation and decarboxylation under aqueous medium, which makes it practical and attractive.     

Chemical Transformations of 2-(3-Aryl-4-nitrobutanoyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diones: II. Synthesis of New 6,7-Dihydro-1,2-benzoxazol-4(5<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-ones with Functionalized Side Chain

Transformation of the nitromethyl group in 3-(2-aryl-3-nitropropyl)-6,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-1,2-benzoxazol-4(5H)-ones by the Nef reaction gave the corresponding aldehydes. Jones oxidation of the latter afforded carboxylic acids together with oxidative decarboxylation products. The possibility for the construction of heterocyclic fragment on the basis of the formyl or carboxylmethyl group of the resulting 6,7-dihydro-1,2-benzoxazol-4(5H)-one derivatives was studied.     

Pyrimidopteridine-catalyzed Photo-mediated Hydroacetoxylation

Herein we report a photo-mediated formal addition of carboxylic acids to activated alkenes catalyzed by a pyrimidopteridine photoredox catalyst. The decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids upon single-electron oxidation is countered in the presence of electron-rich alkenes and a hydroacetoxylation is observed. Mechanistic proposals have been made based on CV measurements, competitive Stern-Volmer quenching and EPR experiments. Evidence that tetra-N-substituted pyrimidopteridines function as dual photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst was supported by spectroscopic means.     

C(sp<Superscript>3</Superscript>)–H bond functionalization of non-cyclic ethers by decarboxylative oxidative coupling with α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids

A copper-catalyzed decarboxylative oxidative coupling of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with non-cyclic ethers is developed. This method provides a new approach for C(sp³)–H bond functionalization of non-cyclic ethers. Mechanism study shows the reaction involves a radical process.     

Silver-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acids by peroxocompounds new sources of carbon-centered radicals for heteroaromatic substitution

The silver catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acids by aroylperoxides, percarbonates and perborate provides new sources of alkyl radicals useful for selective substitution of lepidine.     

Transition metal free one pot synthesis of aryl carboxylic acids via dehomologative oxidation of styrenes

Iodine/NaOH-catalyzed one-pot dehomologative oxidation of styrenes to aryl carboxylic acids has been reported. A wide range of carboxylic acids are obtained using iodine (I₂) as a catalyst, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a base. This reliable conversion involves dehomologation of styrene to aromatic aldehyde which on subsequent oxidation affords aryl carboxylic acid. This protocol was used for gram-scale synthesis as it is free from chromatographic purification. This is the first report for the oxidative transformation of styrenes into aryl carboxylic acids under transition metal-free conditions.     

MASSENSPEKTROMETRISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG ORGANISCHER STICKSTOFFVERBINDUNGEN XVIINeue aspekte zum mechanisums der methyleliminierung aus ungesättigten carbonsäureamiden

The elimination of methyl from amides of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids has been re-investigated. It is shown by means of ²H labelled compounds that the course of the reaction is more complex than previously assumed.     

用FTIR研究环氧化天然橡胶的热老化

与天然橡胶（ＮＲ）相比,环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）具有良好的耐油性和气密性［１,２］,并由于环氧基团而有一定的极性,同其它高聚物的相容性较好．通过环氧基团的二次反应,ＥＮＲ分子链可接上其它的功能团,满足一些特殊的用途［３,４］．对于ＥＮＲ的力学性能、共...     

Transition-metal-free synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives via [4 + 1] annulation of β-keto acids (C1 synthon) and α,β-unsaturated imines

A novel [4 + 1] annulation protocol for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives from β-keto acids and α,β-unsaturated imines via a tandem Michael addition, decarboxylation and TBAI-catalyzed oxidative annulation has been developed. This method provides a new and facile application of β-keto acids as 1,1-nucleophilic/electrophilic type C1 synthons.     

Decarboxylation oxydante des acides carboxyliques aliphatiques par un systeme cuivre(i)/oxygene.

A new oxidative decarboxylation reaction converts carboxylic acids 1 or 2 (Z = OH) to the corresponding carbonyl compounds 3, in the presence of oxygen and catalytic amounts of copper(I)probably via transient copper(III) carboxylates.     

Progress towards metal-free radical alkylations of quinones under mild conditions

A new method for the radical alkylation of quinones is reported. Lewis basic nitrogen additives increase the efficacy of quinone alkylations from carboxylic acids using catalytic AgNO₃ and Selectfluor as a mild oxidant. Electrochemical data suggests that certain Lewis basic additives are capable of directly reducing Selectfluor through a single-electron transfer, presumably via a charge-transfer complex. This process yields intermediates capable of promoting oxidative decarboxylation of alkyl carboxylic acids without an added metal initiator. Using this strategy, we have demonstrated progress towards a metal-free C–H quinone alkylation reaction that proceeds at room temperature under mild conditions.